Difference between revisions of "Pachybrachis bivittatus"

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{{Publication to wiki notice
 
{{Publication to wiki notice
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  | author = Webster, Reginald P. AND LeSage, Laurent AND DeMerchant, Ian
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  | author = Barney, Robert J. AND LeSage, Laurent AND Savard, Karine
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  | author_abbreviated = Webster R AND LeSage L AND DeMerchant I
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  | author_abbreviated = Barney R AND LeSage L AND Savard K
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  | year = 2012
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  | year = 2013
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  | title = New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Megalopodidae and Chrysomelidae
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  | title = ''Pachybrachis'' (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) of Eastern Canada
 
  | journal = ZooKeys
 
  | journal = ZooKeys
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  | volume = 179
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  | volume = 332
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  | pages = 321--348
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  | pages = 95--175
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  | doi = 10.3897/zookeys.179.2625
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  | doi = 10.3897/zookeys.332.4753
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  | citationurl = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/2625/citation/  
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  | citationurl = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/4753/citation/  
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  | url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/2625/abstract
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  | url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/4753/abstract
 
  | publisher = Pensoft Publishers
 
  | publisher = Pensoft Publishers
 
  | publisherurl = http://www.pensoft.net/
 
  | publisherurl = http://www.pensoft.net/
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  | Infraspecific name =  
 
  | Infraspecific name =  
 
  | Taxon rank =
 
  | Taxon rank =
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  | Taxon authority = (Say, 1824)**
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  | Taxon authority = (Say, 1824)
 
  | Taxon status =  
 
  | Taxon status =  
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| Nomenclature citation = {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name|Cryptocephalus bivittatus}}'' Say, 1824: 440.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachys albescens}}'' Suffrian, 1858: 404.}}
 
  | Wikispecies page name = Pachybrachis_bivittatus
 
  | Wikispecies page name = Pachybrachis_bivittatus
 
  | Pensoft Profile = Pachybrachis_bivittatus
 
  | Pensoft Profile = Pachybrachis_bivittatus
 
}}
 
}}
 +
 +
==Recognition==
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Body very large, primarily yellow (Habitus 2); prothorax suffused with rufous; elytral punctation confused, with somewhat apparent rows on disc; elytral color pattern bivittate, with outer vitta rarely entire (Figure 7e); pygidium yellow (Figure 8a); male size large: length 3.12 ± 0.16 mm, width 1.64 ± 0.05 mm. These characters allow identification of even singleton females.
 +
 +
==Distribution==
 +
''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}'' is a transcontinental species found across Canada and the United States (LeSage 1991<ref name="B130">{{aut|LeSage L}} (1991) Family Chrysomelidae leaf beetles. In: Bousquet Y (Ed) Checklist of beetles of Canada and Alaska. Research Branch, Agriculutre Canada. Publication 1861/E., Ottawa, 301–323.</ref >; Riley et al. 2003<ref name="B167">{{aut|Riley E}}, {{aut|Clark S}}, {{aut|Seeno T}} (2003) Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society, Special Publication no. 1, 290 pp.</ref >). In Ontario, it is most common in the southernmost counties. In Québec, it occurs in the Ottawa Valley and in the St. Lawrence Lowlands. The Saguenay Region is probably its northernmost limit (Map 2).
  
 
==Material examined==
 
==Material examined==
−
'''New Brunswick, Restigouche Co.''', Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., (at the Jacquet River) [http://ptp.pensoft.eu/redirect_to_googlemap.php?labels%5B0%5D=47.8197%C2%B0N%2C+66.0835%C2%B0W&coordinates%5B0%5D=47.8197%C2%B0N%2C+66.0835%C2%B0W 47.8197°N, 66.0835°W], 23.VI.2008, D. McAlpine & R. Webster, river margin, on ''{{Taxon name|Salix}}'' foliage (20, CNC, NBM, RWC).
+
ONTARIO: Carleton Co., Constance Bay, 26.VI.1995, B. F. & J. L. Carr <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Elgin Co., New Sarum, 16.VI.1956, W. J. Brown <nowiki>[</nowiki>5♂ 5♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Essex Co., Amherstburg, 6.VI.1936, G. M. Stirrett <nowiki>[</nowiki>2♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Belle River, 26.V.1946, S. D. Hicks <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Kingsville, 23.V.1962, Kelyone & Thorpe <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 19.VI.1954, G. B. Wiggins <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, ROM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Pelee Island, 24–27.VI.1935, R. C. Osburn <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂ 1♀, OSUC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 4.VII.1940, W. J. Brown <nowiki>[</nowiki>2♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Point Pelee, 29.VI.1931, W. J. Brown <nowiki>[</nowiki>4♂ 7♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 1.VI.1933, G. M. Stirrett <nowiki>[</nowiki>3♂, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 29.V.1955, S. D. Hicks <nowiki>[</nowiki>3♂ 4♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 28.VI.1961, Kelton & Brumpton <nowiki>[</nowiki>2♂ 1♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Haldimand Co., Dunnville, 7.VII.1961, W. & W. Plath <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂, USNM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 7.VIII.1961, W. Plath <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂, USNM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Kent Co., Thamesville, 15.VI.1930, G. M. Stirrett <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Rondeau Park, 5.VI.1985, J. M. Campbell & A. Davies <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Lambton Co., Grand Bend, 17.VI.1956, W. J. Brown <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂ 4♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Lincoln Co., Beamsville, 19.VII.1939, S. D. Hicks <nowiki>[</nowiki>3♂ 3♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>.<br />
 +
QUÉBEC: Argenteuil Co., Carillon, 24.V.1974, E. J. Kiteley <nowiki>[</nowiki>2♂ 1♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Deux-Montagnes Co., La Trappe, 5.VIII.1932, J. Ouellet <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂, CEUM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Île-de-Montréal Co., Montréal, F. Knab <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂, USNM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 31.V.1941 <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, CEUM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 15.VI.1961, M. Larochelle <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂, CEUM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 3–14.VII.1969, E. J. Kiteley <nowiki>[</nowiki>4♂ 6♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 17.VI, J. Ouellet <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, USNM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Nicolet Co., Bécancour, 24.VI.1967, J. L. Laliberté <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂, IDM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Portneuf Co., Neuville, 9.VII.1939, J. Filteau <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂ 1♀, CEUM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Sainte-Catherine, 17.VI.1953, J. C. Aubé <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂ 7♀, LEM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 8.VII.1956 <nowiki>[</nowiki>2♀, LEM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Québec Co., Sainte-Foy, 17.VI.1933, V. Boulet <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, CEUM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Cap-Rouge, 27.VI.1956, J. L. Laliberté <nowiki>[</nowiki>2♂ 2♀, IDM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Saguenay Co., Rivière Deschênes, 22.VI.1966, A. Franeslier <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, CEUM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Saint-Jean Co., Cantic, 25.VI.1983, on ''{{Taxon name|Salix amygdaloides}}'' Andersson, A. Larochelle <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂ 3♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Saint- Maurice Co., Pointe-du-Lac, 3.VII.1937 <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, CEUM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Vaudreuil Co., Rigaud, 12.VII.1908, J. Ouellet <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂, CEUM<nowiki>]</nowiki>.
  
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==Collection and habitat data==
+
==Host plants==
−
Adults of this species were abundant on ''{{Taxon name|Salix}}'' foliage along a river margin during June. LeSage (1985)<ref name="B15">{{aut|LeSage L}} (1985) The eggs and larvae of ''Pachybrachis peccans'' and ''P. bivittatus'', with a key to the known immature stages of the Nearctic genera of Cryptocephalinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Canadian Entomologist 117: 203-220. doi: [http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/Ent117203-2 10.4039/Ent117203-2]</ref > reared the larvae on decaying leaves of willow.
+
''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}'' is typically associated with willows (''{{Taxon name|Salix}}'' spp., {{Taxon name|Salicaceae}}) (Fall 1915<ref name="B76">{{aut|Fall H}} (1915) A revision of the North American species of ''Pachybrachys''. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 41: 291-486.</ref >; Barney 1984<ref name="B9">{{aut|Barney R}} (1984) Records of ''Pachybrachis'' in Illinois (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Great Lakes Entomologist 17(3): 137-144.</ref >; Downie and Arnett 1996<ref name="B64">{{aut|Downie N}}, {{aut|Arnett R}} (1996) The Beetles of Northeastern North America. Volume II. Polyphaga: Series Bostriciformia through Curculionidea. The Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 831 pp.</ref >; Clark et al. 2004<ref name="B44">{{aut|Clark S}}, {{aut|LeDoux D}}, {{aut|Seeno T}}, {{aut|Riley E}}, {{aut|Gilbert A}}, {{aut|Sullivan J}} (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada. The Coleopterists Society, Special Publication No. 2, 476 pp.</ref > for literature review). In Canada, MacNay (1958)<ref name="B131">{{aut|MacNay C}} (1958) General-feeding and miscellaneous insects. The Canadian Insect Pest Review 36: 158-188.</ref > reported a light infestation of ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}'' on the foliage of willow along the river banks north of Coaldale, in Alberta. In eastern Canada, LeSage (personal observations) observed it on Bebb’s willow (''{{Taxon name|Salix bebbiana}}'' Sarg.), sand-bar willow (''{{Taxon name|Salix interior}}'' Rowlee), and stalked willow (''{{Taxon name|Salix petiolaris}}'' J.E. Smith). Larochelle (see above) collected it on the peach-leaved willow (''{{Taxon name|Salix amygdaloides}}'' Andersson). The larvae feed in the litter, on willow leaves, but only when they are decayed (LeSage 1985<ref name="B129">{{aut|LeSage L}} (1985) The eggs and larvae of ''Pachybrachis peccans'' and ''P. bivittatus'', with a key to the known immature stages of the nearctic genera of Cryptocephalinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Canadian Entomologist 117: 203-220. doi: [http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/Ent117203-2 10.4039/Ent117203-2]</ref >).
  
−
==Distribution in Canada and Alaska==
+
==Comments==
−
BC, AB, SK, ON, QC, '''NB''' (LeSage 1991<ref name="B18">{{aut|LeSage L}} (1991) Family Chrysomelidae: leaf beetles. In: Bousquet Y (Ed). Checklist of Beetles of Canada and Alaska. Publication 1861/E, Agriculture Canada, Research Branch, Ottawa, Ontario: 301-323.</ref >).
+
With its large size, bivittate elytra, and close association with willows, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}'' is one of the easiest species to identify.
  
 
==Taxon Treatment==
 
==Taxon Treatment==
−
*{{aut|Webster, R}}; {{aut|LeSage, L}}; {{aut|DeMerchant, I}}; 2012: New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Megalopodidae and Chrysomelidae [http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/ ''ZooKeys'',] '''179''': 321-348. {{doi|10.3897/zookeys.179.2625}}
+
*{{aut|Barney, R}}; {{aut|LeSage, L}}; {{aut|Savard, K}}; 2013: ''Pachybrachis'' (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) of Eastern Canada [http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/ ''ZooKeys'',] '''332''': 95-175. {{doi|10.3897/zookeys.332.4753}}
  
 
==Other References==
 
==Other References==
Line 48: Line 56:
 
==Images==
 
==Images==
 
{{Gallery | lines=5 | width=250
 
{{Gallery | lines=5 | width=250
−
|1= File:ZooKeys-179-321-g025.jpg|2= '''Map 25.''' Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}''.
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|1= File:ZooKeys-332-095-g006.jpg|2= '''Figure 6.''' Pronotum: '''a''' reddish, with close-up of marginal bead, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}'' '''b''' mottled, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis spumarius}}'' '''c''' with black M-mark, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis m-nigrum}}'' '''d''' almost black, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis nigricornis carbonarius}}''.
 +
|3= File:ZooKeys-332-095-g007.jpg|4= '''Figure 7.''' Elytral punctures and coloration: '''a''' in rows in deep striae, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis luctuosus}}'' '''b''' confused in basal half, in rows in apical half, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis calcaratus}}'' '''c''' all confused, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis hepaticus}}'' '''d''' confused and mottled, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis spumarius}}'' '''e''' vittate with marginal vitta interrupted, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivattatus}}'' '''f''' black, margined with yellow, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis nigriconis carbonarius}}'' '''g''' entirely black, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis luridus}}''.
 +
|5= File:ZooKeys-332-095-g008.jpg|6= '''Figure 8.''' Pygidium: '''a''' largely yellow, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}'' '''b''' with well-defined yellow spots, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis cephalicus}}'' '''c''' with faint reddish spots, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis spumarius}}'' '''d''' black, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis atomarius}}''.
 +
|7= File:ZooKeys-332-095-g009.jpg|8= '''Figure 9.''' Sexes: '''a''' male abdomen, ventral view, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}'' '''b''' female abdomen, ventral view, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}''.
 +
|9= File:ZooKeys-332-095-g012.jpg|10= '''Habitus 2.''' Dorsal habitus of ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}''. Scale bar, 1 mm.
 +
|11= File:ZooKeys-332-095-g031.jpg|12= '''Map 2.''' The known distribution of ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}'' in eastern Canada. OR – Ottawa River; SLR – St. Lawrence River; SR – Saguenay River.
 
}}
 
}}

Revision as of 14:39, 19 September 2013

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Barney R, LeSage L, Savard K (2013) Pachybrachis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) of Eastern Canada. ZooKeys 332 : 95–175, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2013-09-19, version 36920, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Pachybrachis_bivittatus&oldid=36920 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

Citation formats to copy and paste

BibTeX:

@article{Barney2013ZooKeys332,
author = {Barney, Robert J. AND LeSage, Laurent AND Savard, Karine},
journal = {ZooKeys},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {Pachybrachis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) of Eastern Canada},
year = {2013},
volume = {332},
issue = {},
pages = {95--175},
doi = {10.3897/zookeys.332.4753},
url = {http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/4753/abstract},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2013-09-19, version 36920, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Pachybrachis_bivittatus&oldid=36920 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

RIS/ Endnote:

TY - JOUR
T1 - Pachybrachis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) of Eastern Canada
A1 - Barney R
A1 - LeSage L
A1 - Savard K
Y1 - 2013
JF - ZooKeys
JA -
VL - 332
IS -
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.332.4753
SP - 95
EP - 175
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2013-09-19, version 36920, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Pachybrachis_bivittatus&oldid=36920 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/zookeys.332.4753

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

<ref name="Barney2013ZooKeys332">{{Citation
| author = Barney R, LeSage L, Savard K
| title = Pachybrachis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) of Eastern Canada
| journal = ZooKeys
| year = 2013
| volume = 332
| issue =
| pages = 95--175
| pmid =
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/zookeys.332.4753
| url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/4753/abstract
| pmc =
| accessdate = 2024-12-23

}} Versioned wiki page: 2013-09-19, version 36920, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Pachybrachis_bivittatus&oldid=36920 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Coleoptera
Familia: Chrysomelidae
Genus: Pachybrachis

Name

Pachybrachis bivittatus (Say, 1824) – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

Recognition

Body very large, primarily yellow (Habitus 2); prothorax suffused with rufous; elytral punctation confused, with somewhat apparent rows on disc; elytral color pattern bivittate, with outer vitta rarely entire (Figure 7e); pygidium yellow (Figure 8a); male size large: length 3.12 ± 0.16 mm, width 1.64 ± 0.05 mm. These characters allow identification of even singleton females.

Distribution

Pachybrachis bivittatus is a transcontinental species found across Canada and the United States (LeSage 1991[1]; Riley et al. 2003[2]). In Ontario, it is most common in the southernmost counties. In Québec, it occurs in the Ottawa Valley and in the St. Lawrence Lowlands. The Saguenay Region is probably its northernmost limit (Map 2).

Material examined

ONTARIO: Carleton Co., Constance Bay, 26.VI.1995, B. F. & J. L. Carr [1♀, CNC]; Elgin Co., New Sarum, 16.VI.1956, W. J. Brown [5♂ 5♀, CNC]; Essex Co., Amherstburg, 6.VI.1936, G. M. Stirrett [2♀, CNC]; Belle River, 26.V.1946, S. D. Hicks [1♂, CNC]; Kingsville, 23.V.1962, Kelyone & Thorpe [1♀, CNC]; same data, except 19.VI.1954, G. B. Wiggins [1♀, ROM]; Pelee Island, 24–27.VI.1935, R. C. Osburn [1♂ 1♀, OSUC]; same data, except 4.VII.1940, W. J. Brown [2♀, CNC]; Point Pelee, 29.VI.1931, W. J. Brown [4♂ 7♀, CNC]; same data, except 1.VI.1933, G. M. Stirrett [3♂, CNC]; same data, except 29.V.1955, S. D. Hicks [3♂ 4♀, CNC]; same data, except 28.VI.1961, Kelton & Brumpton [2♂ 1♀, CNC]; Haldimand Co., Dunnville, 7.VII.1961, W. & W. Plath [1♂, USNM]; same data, except 7.VIII.1961, W. Plath [1♂, USNM]; Kent Co., Thamesville, 15.VI.1930, G. M. Stirrett [1♀, CNC]; Rondeau Park, 5.VI.1985, J. M. Campbell & A. Davies [1♀, CNC]; Lambton Co., Grand Bend, 17.VI.1956, W. J. Brown [1♂ 4♀, CNC]; Lincoln Co., Beamsville, 19.VII.1939, S. D. Hicks [3♂ 3♀, CNC].
QUÉBEC: Argenteuil Co., Carillon, 24.V.1974, E. J. Kiteley [2♂ 1♀, CNC]; Deux-Montagnes Co., La Trappe, 5.VIII.1932, J. Ouellet [1♂, CEUM]; Île-de-Montréal Co., Montréal, F. Knab [1♂, USNM]; same data, except 31.V.1941 [1♀, CEUM]; same data, except 15.VI.1961, M. Larochelle [1♂, CEUM]; same data, except 3–14.VII.1969, E. J. Kiteley [4♂ 6♀, CNC]; same data, except 17.VI, J. Ouellet [1♀, USNM]; Nicolet Co., Bécancour, 24.VI.1967, J. L. Laliberté [1♂, IDM]; Portneuf Co., Neuville, 9.VII.1939, J. Filteau [1♂ 1♀, CEUM]; Sainte-Catherine, 17.VI.1953, J. C. Aubé [1♂ 7♀, LEM]; same data, except 8.VII.1956 [2♀, LEM]; Québec Co., Sainte-Foy, 17.VI.1933, V. Boulet [1♀, CEUM]; Cap-Rouge, 27.VI.1956, J. L. Laliberté [2♂ 2♀, IDM]; Saguenay Co., Rivière Deschênes, 22.VI.1966, A. Franeslier [1♀, CEUM]; Saint-Jean Co., Cantic, 25.VI.1983, on Salix amygdaloides Andersson, A. Larochelle [1♂ 3♀, CNC]; Saint- Maurice Co., Pointe-du-Lac, 3.VII.1937 [1♀, CEUM]; Vaudreuil Co., Rigaud, 12.VII.1908, J. Ouellet [1♂, CEUM].

Host plants

Pachybrachis bivittatus is typically associated with willows (Salix spp., Salicaceae) (Fall 1915[3]; Barney 1984[4]; Downie and Arnett 1996[5]; Clark et al. 2004[6] for literature review). In Canada, MacNay (1958)[7] reported a light infestation of Pachybrachis bivittatus on the foliage of willow along the river banks north of Coaldale, in Alberta. In eastern Canada, LeSage (personal observations) observed it on Bebb’s willow (Salix bebbiana Sarg.), sand-bar willow (Salix interior Rowlee), and stalked willow (Salix petiolaris J.E. Smith). Larochelle (see above) collected it on the peach-leaved willow (Salix amygdaloides Andersson). The larvae feed in the litter, on willow leaves, but only when they are decayed (LeSage 1985[8]).

Comments

With its large size, bivittate elytra, and close association with willows, Pachybrachis bivittatus is one of the easiest species to identify.

Taxon Treatment

  • Barney, R; LeSage, L; Savard, K; 2013: Pachybrachis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) of Eastern Canada ZooKeys, 332: 95-175. doi

Other References

  1. ↑ LeSage L (1991) Family Chrysomelidae leaf beetles. In: Bousquet Y (Ed) Checklist of beetles of Canada and Alaska. Research Branch, Agriculutre Canada. Publication 1861/E., Ottawa, 301–323.
  2. ↑ Riley E, Clark S, Seeno T (2003) Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society, Special Publication no. 1, 290 pp.
  3. ↑ Fall H (1915) A revision of the North American species of Pachybrachys. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 41: 291-486.
  4. ↑ Barney R (1984) Records of Pachybrachis in Illinois (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Great Lakes Entomologist 17(3): 137-144.
  5. ↑ Downie N, Arnett R (1996) The Beetles of Northeastern North America. Volume II. Polyphaga: Series Bostriciformia through Curculionidea. The Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 831 pp.
  6. ↑ Clark S, LeDoux D, Seeno T, Riley E, Gilbert A, Sullivan J (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada. The Coleopterists Society, Special Publication No. 2, 476 pp.
  7. ↑ MacNay C (1958) General-feeding and miscellaneous insects. The Canadian Insect Pest Review 36: 158-188.
  8. ↑ LeSage L (1985) The eggs and larvae of Pachybrachis peccans and P. bivittatus, with a key to the known immature stages of the nearctic genera of Cryptocephalinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Canadian Entomologist 117: 203-220. doi: 10.4039/Ent117203-2

Images

Figure 6. Pronotum: a reddish, with close-up of marginal bead, Pachybrachis bivittatus b mottled, Pachybrachis spumarius c with black M-mark, Pachybrachis m-nigrum d almost black, Pachybrachis nigricornis carbonarius.
Figure 6. Pronotum: a reddish, with close-up of marginal bead, Pachybrachis bivittatus b mottled, Pachybrachis spumarius c with black M-mark, Pachybrachis m-nigrum d almost black, Pachybrachis nigricornis carbonarius. 
Figure 7. Elytral punctures and coloration: a in rows in deep striae, Pachybrachis luctuosus b confused in basal half, in rows in apical half, Pachybrachis calcaratus c all confused, Pachybrachis hepaticus d confused and mottled, Pachybrachis spumarius e vittate with marginal vitta interrupted, Pachybrachis bivattatus f black, margined with yellow, Pachybrachis nigriconis carbonarius g entirely black, Pachybrachis luridus.
Figure 7. Elytral punctures and coloration: a in rows in deep striae, Pachybrachis luctuosus b confused in basal half, in rows in apical half, Pachybrachis calcaratus c all confused, Pachybrachis hepaticus d confused and mottled, Pachybrachis spumarius e vittate with marginal vitta interrupted, Pachybrachis bivattatus f black, margined with yellow, Pachybrachis nigriconis carbonarius g entirely black, Pachybrachis luridus. 
Figure 8. Pygidium: a largely yellow, Pachybrachis bivittatus b with well-defined yellow spots, Pachybrachis cephalicus c with faint reddish spots, Pachybrachis spumarius d black, Pachybrachis atomarius.
Figure 8. Pygidium: a largely yellow, Pachybrachis bivittatus b with well-defined yellow spots, Pachybrachis cephalicus c with faint reddish spots, Pachybrachis spumarius d black, Pachybrachis atomarius. 
Figure 9. Sexes: a male abdomen, ventral view, Pachybrachis bivittatus b female abdomen, ventral view, Pachybrachis bivittatus.
Figure 9. Sexes: a male abdomen, ventral view, Pachybrachis bivittatus b female abdomen, ventral view, Pachybrachis bivittatus. 
Habitus 2. Dorsal habitus of Pachybrachis bivittatus. Scale bar, 1 mm.
Habitus 2. Dorsal habitus of Pachybrachis bivittatus. Scale bar, 1 mm. 
Map 2. The known distribution of Pachybrachis bivittatus in eastern Canada. OR – Ottawa River; SLR – St. Lawrence River; SR – Saguenay River.
Map 2. The known distribution of Pachybrachis bivittatus in eastern Canada. OR – Ottawa River; SLR – St. Lawrence River; SR – Saguenay River. 
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