Difference between revisions of "Solanum salicifolium"

Latest revision as of 12:40, 10 May 2013

Taxonavigation

Ordo: Solanales
Familia: Solanaceae
Genus: Solanum

Name

Solanum salicifolium Phil., Anal. Univ. Chile 36: 195. 1870 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

• Solanum incisum Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 251. 1879. Type: Argentina. Córdoba: Sierra de Achala, 24-25 Mar 1874, G. Hieronymus 220 (lectotype, designated by Morton 1976^[1], pg. 99: GOET [GOET003582]; isolectotypes: B [destroyed, F neg. 2779], CORD [CORD00006112]).
• Solanum sericeum Ruiz & Pav. var. strigillosum Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 252. 1879. Type: Argentina. Córdoba: Dept. Las Minas, Cerro de Orcosu [Achala in protologue], 20 Feb 1876, G. Hieronymus 812 (holotype: GOET [GOET003580]; isotypes: CORD [CORD00006115], US [US-2678278]).
• Solanum tenuisectum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 227. 1898. Type: Argentina. western Pampas, 34 degrees, Jan 1892, O. Kuntze s.n. (lectotype, designated here: NY [NY00172207]; isolectotype: NY [NY00172206]).
• Solanum incisum Griseb. var. septatopilosum C.V. Morton, Revis. Argent. Sp. Solanum 100. 1976. Type: Argentina. Catamarca: Dept. Belen, Pozo de Piedra, 1900 m, 25-31 Jan 1952, H. Sleumer & F. Vervoorst 2375 (holotype: US [US-2173088]; isotype: LIL).
• Solanum crebrum C.V.Morton & L.B.Sm., Revis. Argent. Sp. Solanum 80. 1976. Type: Argentina. Catamarca: Dept. Andalgala, Alto de las Juntas y alrededores, 1-16 Jan 1952, 2700-2830 m, H. Sleumer 2166 (holotype: US [US-2168362]; isotypes: G[G00357861], LIL [LIL-394778]).
• Solanum incisum Griseb. var. tenuisectum (Kuntze) C.V. Morton, Revis. Argent. Sp. Solanum 100. 1976. Type: Based on Solanum tenuisectum Kuntze
• Solanum vervoorstii C.V.Morton, Revis. Argent. Sp. Solanum 128. 1976. Type: Argentina. Catamarca: Dept. Belen, Quebrada de los Potrerillos above El Rodeo, Granadillas, 26 Jan 1952, 2700-2830 m, H. Sleumer & F. Vervoorst 2481 (holotype: US [US-2168145]; isotypes: G, LIL [LIL-394789]).
• Solanum restrictum C.V.Morton, Revis. Argent. Sp. Solanum 128. 1976. Type: Argentina. Córdoba: Dept. Punilla, Estancia El Rosario, east of La Cumbre, Sierra de Córdoba, 20 Mar 1943, H.H. Bartlett 20171 (holotype: US [US-2320061]).
• Solanum ratum C.V.Morton, Revis. Argent. Sp. Solanum 130. 1976. Type: Argentina. Córdoba: Dept. Punilla, El Durazno, 18 Mar 1944, C.A. O’Donell & J.M. Rodriguez V. 805 (holotype: A [A00077745]; isotypes: LIL [LIL-97232]).

Type

Argentina. Mendoza: Villavicencio, R.A. Philippi s.n. (lectotype, designated here: SI [SI-26577]; isolectotypes: G [G00070190, F neg. 23156], SGO [SGO-42739, SGO-55501], W [W-0001341]).

Description

Suffrutescent herb to small shrub, 0.5-1.5 m tall, arising from a woody rootstock. Stems slightly angled when young, sparsely to densely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes to 0.5 mm long, these strongly ascending and all appressed to stem, occasionally (collections from Famatina in La Rioja province, Argentina) more floccose, the trichome base enlarged and slightly bulbous; new growth glabrous or densely pubescent with simple white trichomes like those of the stems. Bark of older stems yellowish grey, glabrescent. Sympodial units difoliate to plurifoliate, if difoliate, not geminate. Leaves simple to variably pinnatifid, 2.5–10 cm long, 1–7 cm wide, more or less lanceolate to narrowly elliptic in outline, the upper surfaces glabrous or with scattered simple uniseriate trichomes at the base and along the veins, these all appressed and pointing distally, the lower surfaces glabrous to uniformly pubescent with appressed and ascending simple uniseriate trichomes < 0.2 mm long; primary veins 10–20 pairs, drying yellowish grey; base attenuate, winged along the stem; margins entire to 3–5-lobed, the lobes 0.5–3.5 cm long, 0.2–0.7 cm wide, incised to the midrib or very shallowly, in the basal part of the leaf; apex acute to acuminate; petioles very short to apparently absent, sparsely pubescent with ascending appressed trichomes on all surfaces like those of the stems, not twining. Inflorescences terminal or lateral, occasionally leaf-opposed, 1–2.5 cm long, simple or at most furcate, with 4–10 flowers in a pseudoumbel, glabrous to pubescent with ascending appressed simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems and leaves; peduncle 1–2.2 cm long; pedicels 0.7–1.2 cm long, filiform, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter, nodding at anthesis, pubescent like the rest of the inflorescence, articulated at the base in a very small sleeve; pedicel scars tightly packed at the tip of the inflorescence on a small platform. Buds ellipsoid to fusiform and elongate, the corolla strongly exerted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers all perfect, 5-merous. Calyx tube 1–1.5 mm long, conical, the lobes 2.5–3 mm long, long-triangular to lanceolate, glabrous to pubescent with appressed white simple trichomes like those of the stems and leaves. Corolla 1–1.6 cm in diameter, violet or white, often with a green or yellowish green eye, stellate, lobed nearly to the base, the lobes 6–8 mm long, 3–4 mm wide, strongly reflexed at anthesis, densely and uniformly pubescent abaxially with minute simple uniseriate trichomes < 0.1 mm long, glabrous adaxially. Filament tube ca. 0.5 mm long, the free portion of the filaments 0.5–1 mm long, densely pubescent adaxially with tangled simple trichomes 0.5–1 mm long; anthers (3-)5–5.5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, ellipsoid, loosely connivent to occasionally somewhat spreading, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style 9–11 mm long, glabrous or pubescent with weak simple trichomes in the basal 2/3; stigma capitate, the surface minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, 0.5–0.7 cm in diameter, purple or reddish purple when ripe, the pericarp thin and somewhat shiny, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1–1.5 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, not particularly woody, secund and pendent from weight of fruit. Seeds ca. 20 per berry, ca. 1.5 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, flattened reniform, yellowish brown, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells rectangular; stone cells present. Chromosome number: n=12 (Moscone 1992^[2]).

Distribution

(Figure 83). In the eastern slopes and foothills of the Andes in western Argentina, from Prov. Mendoza north to Jujuy, Córdoba and Tucumán and adjacent Bolivia; from 900–4100 m.

Ecology

In dry forests and open areas.

Conservation status

Least Concern (LC); EOO >100,000 km2 (LC) and AOO >10,000 km2 (LC). See Moat (2007)^[3] for explanation of measurements.

Discussion

Solanum salicifolium is extremely (almost incredibly) variable in leaf shape (see Figure 2A), ranging from simple and linear (the type of Solanum salicifolium) to deeply pinnatifid with very narrow lobes (the type of Solanum tenuisectum). This is the extreme of similar variation in leaf shape found throughout the clade, and has led to confusion over the identity and synonymy of this species. Morton (1976)^[1] suggested that leaves with a single pair of lobes sat the base might be a late season growth form. Like Solanum endoadenium and Solanum angustifidum, also of the eastern Andean slopes in Argentina, Solanum salicifolium is a shrubby species, but it never appears to become vining. Solanum salicifolium is distinguished from Solanum endoadenium by it eglandular, appressed, ascending pubescence of simple trichomes with slightly bulbous bases and its usually simple inflorescences with the flowers clustered near the tip. It differs from Solanum angustifidum in its leaves that are lanceolate, rather than elliptic, in outline, its simple inflorescences and its anthers borne on equal filaments.
Solanum salicifolium is also quite similar to three species of the Morelloid clade (sensu Weese and Bohs 2007) that are traditionally segregated as section Parasolanum and by some included in a wider section Dulcamara (Nee 1999), Solanum tripartitum Dunal, Solanum radicans L.f. and Solanum palitans C.V.Morton. Solanum tripartitum and Solanum palitans have both been included in molecular analyses and are resolved as members of the Morelloid clade (Weese and Bohs 2007). These taxa have pedicels that are flush with the inflorescence axis, rather than inserted into a small sleeve, and the flowers are spaced along the inflorescence axis rather than being clustered at the tip on a small platform. The berries of Solanum salicifolium contain stone cells, a characteristic of many members of the Morelloid clade, a few of the collections (e.g., Del Vitto & Moscone 852 from Mendoza, Argentina) I have examined have many, but more normally fruits have 1-3 of these hard, seed-like bodies. Possession of these hardened bodies in the fruits may indicate a relationship with Morelloid taxa, but the woody habit is more Dulcamaroid. As more taxa of both these groups are included in molecular phylogenetic studies of Solanum, their relationships may become more clear.
In describing Solanum salicifolium R.A. Philippi did not cite a particular herbarium specimen and potential syntype material annotated with the type locality has been widely found. I have selected the specimen in SI as the lectotype of Solanum salicifolium, a largely Argentinian species.
In selecting a lectotype for Solanum incisum, Morton (1976)^[1] stated that specimens from the locality of Hieronymus 220, Sierra de Achala, were a good match for the photograph of the presumed holotype destroyed in Berlin (F neg. 2779), however, the types of Grisebach’s names are generally to be found at GOET, not B. A single sheet of Hieronymus 220 is present at GOET, making his designation unambiguous. In the Kuntze herbarium at now at NY there are two sheets annotated Solanum tenuisectum; I have selected that with the locality of the protologue (“western Pampas”, NY00172207) as the lectotype. Morton’s (1976) Solanum incisum var. septatopilosum was distinguished from the more typical variety by the possession of spreading trichomes, but plants collected from the same locality (e.g., Sleumer & Vervoorst 2399) have the typical appressed pubescence of Solanum salicifolium. The type of Solanum sericeum var. strigillosum (Hieronymus 812) represents the narrow-leaved extreme of Solanum salicifolium. Solanum sericeum Ruiz & Pav. is not a member of the Dulcamaroid clade, but its relationships are not clear.

Specimens examined

Argentina. Catamarca: Ambato, entre Buena Vista y Singuil, rumbo a Catamarca, km 1438–1439, 2170 m, 29 Feb 2004, Barboza et al. 877 (CORD); Belén, Pozo de Piedras, 11 Feb 2012, Barboza et al. 3467 (BM, CORD); Belén, Nacimientos de San Antonio, 12 Feb 2012, Barboza et al. 3488 (BM, CORD); Andalgalá, Andalgalá, 9 km SE on road to Cuesta de la Chilca, 1000 m, 20 Nov 1972, Cantino 447 (CORD, GH); Pomán, Sierra de Ambato, falda O, subiendo desde El Rincón rumbo al Cerro Manchado, más arriba de Las Casitas, 2500 m, 19 Feb 1970, Hunziker & Ariza 20476 (CORD); Belén, Nacimientos de San Antonio, quebrada de Medano Trancado, huella a Laguna Blanca, 2900 m, 22 Feb 1974, Legname & Vervoorst 142 (LIL); Belén, Yacutula, cerca Belén, Dec 1879, Schickendantz 45 (CORD); Andalgalá, Capillitas, o Quebrada de Coyo, 1879, Schickendantz 91 (CORD); Belén, Las Faldas, Sierra de Belén, 2000 m, Mar 1939, Schreiter s.n. (GH); Tinogasta, Reales Blancas a La Franca, 3500 m, 4 Feb 1930, Schreiter 6183 (US); Andalgalá, El Suncho, ascenso a la Sta. Ana frente de El Suncho, 1750 m, 20 Feb 1951, Sleumer 1633 (LIL, W); Andalgalá, Rosada La Primera, Las Estancias, 1800 m, 11 Feb 1952, Sleumer 2134 (LIL); Andalgalá, Río Pisavil, 1850 m, 13 Jan 1952, Sleumer 2208 (LIL); Belén, orilla del Río Blanco arriba de Granadillas, 1950 m, 26 Jan 1952, Sleumer & Vervoorst 2483 (LIL); Belén, El Rodeo, arriba de Granadillas, Quebrada del Río Blanco, 2400 m, 26 Jan 1952, Sleumer & Vervoorst 2484 (LIL, US); Belén, Quebrada de Totoral, arriba de Granadillas, 2130 m, 26 Jan 1952, Sleumer & Vervoorst 2492 (LIL); Córdoba: Río Cuarto, Estancia Aguada del Moye, 22 km al N de Achiras, Sierra Comechigones, 1000 m, 7 Oct 1980, Anderson et al. 3769 (CORD); Cópina, Sierra Grande, 1400 m, 29 Dec 1935, Burkart 7490 (GH); Sierra Chica de Córdoba, Agua de Oro, 3 Feb 1955, Castellanos 3223 (CORD); Punilla, Ruta no. 29, entre Tanti y Taninga, entre los departmentos de Punilla y Pocho, 6 Mar 2009, Chiarini 707 (CORD); Punilla, El Durazno, 3 Feb 2012, Chiarini et al. 807 (BM, CORD); San Alberto, Parador El Condor, 4 Feb 2012, Chiarini et al. 819 (BM, CORD); Cruz del Eje, Río Gasta, Sierra Chica, falda E, por ruta provincial 28 (ex nacional 20), 3 Dec 1983, Cocucci 30 (CORD); Punilla, El Durazno, Sierra Grande, falda E, al sudoeste de Tanti, 1100 m, Feb, Cocucci 108 (CORD); Cruz del Eje, Sierra Grande, falda O, ruta 20, entre Tala Cañada y refugio de Piedra, 1300 m, 29 Oct 1978, Di Fulvio & Maldonado 539 (CORD); Ongamira, 5 Jan 1971, Fosris 7947 (P); Minas, Cerro de Orcosu, Yerba Buena, 20 Feb 1876, Hieronymus 429 (CORD, GOET); Minas, Cerro de Orcosu, 20 Feb 1876, Hieronymus 813 (CORD, GOET); Sierra Chica de Córdoba, Pan de Azucar, 29 Sep 1878, Hieronymus s.n. (G, K); Colón, Pozo Verde, más alla de la quebrada, 13 Oct 1946, Hunziker 6942 (G, MO); Santa María, Malagueño, falda E, Sierra Chica, 28 Oct 1947, Hunziker 7559 (CORD); Punilla, El Dragón, entre La Falda y Huerta Grande, Sierra Chica, 5 Nov 1950, Hunziker 8455 (CORD); Pocho, Cerro Yerba Buena, falda N, Sierra de Pocho, 17 Feb 1952, Hunziker 9836 (CORD); Calamuchita, Dique Los Molinos, 10 Apr 1956, Hunziker 12244 (CORD); Calamuchita, Sierra de los Cóndores, Ruta 36, entre Berrotarán y Dique Río Tercero, 20 Dec 1957, Hunziker 13434 (CORD); Punilla, Cerro Uritorco, falda occidental, 1600 m, 15 Jan 1965, Hunziker 18022 (CORD); Punilla, Cerro Los Gigantes, Sierra Grande, bajando desde el refugio del Club Andino, algo más arriba de El Pollito, 14 Feb 1982, Hunziker 24188 (CORD); Sobremonte, Sierra del Norte, ca. 10 km al oeste de San Francisco del Chañar, rumbo a Lucio V. Mansilla, 680 m, 30 Jan 1987, Hunziker & Subils 25043 (CORD); Calamuchita, Sierra de Achala, falda E, unos 2 km al NNE de Villa Alpina, cerca del Río Lapuente (=Río La Arenosa), 1300 m, 13 Feb 1987, Hunziker 25075 (CORD); San Alberto, Cuesta de La Ensenada, 4 Jan 1895, Kurtz 8324 (CORD); Calamuchita, Potrero Arroyo Calmayo, 6 Nov 1875, Kurtz 8786 (CORD); Santa María, Malagueño, 19 Mar 1944, O’Donell & Rodríguez 313 (A); Huerta Grande, Sierra Chica, 17 Feb 1897, Stuckert 1798 (G); Casa Bamba, Sierra Chica, 7 Nov 1897, Stuckert 3690 (G); Córdoba, 28 Dec 1898, Stuckert 5848 (G); Córdoba, 1 May 1899, Stuckert 6977 (G); Cuesta de Capina, Sierra de Cordoba, 3 Dec 1901, Stuckert 10372 (G); Sierra Achala, 18 Dec 1901, Stuckert 10698 (G); Sierra Achala, falda del radice, 20 Dec 1901, Stuckert 10947 (G, US); Cara Bamba, Sierra de Cordoba, 16 Dec 1908, Stuckert 19589 (G); Yacanto Calamuchita, “La Tirelire”, 1000 m, 16 Dec 1973, Tirel 33 (G, P); Tanti, 900 m, 17 Oct 1974, Tirel 225 (G, P); Santa María, San Clemente, Sierra Chica (faldas O), al noroeste del Dique de los Molinos, 8 Feb 1990, Zygadlo 11 (CORD); Jujuy: Humahuaca, Tres Cruces, 3500 m, 25 Nov 1986, Charpin & Ahumada 20659 (G); Humahuaca, La Soledad, 2500 m, 21 Jan 1928, Venturi 9012 (US); La Pampa: Lihué Calel, Cerros de Lihué Calel, 6 Mar 1976, Steibel 3991 (CORD); Lihué Calel, Cerros de Lihué Calel, 7 Jan 1970, Troani et al. 540 (CORD); La Rioja: General Sarmiento, Las Chacritas, alrededores del campamiento de la Empresa Benito Roggio, 2650 m, 7 Feb 2001, Barboza et al. 221 (CORD); Chilecito, Río Los Manzanos, alrededor, desvio al oeste desde la ruta provincial # 15 entre Guanchín y Sañogasta, 1730 m, 19 Feb 2003, Barboza et al. 553 (CORD); Famatina, Los Corrales, viniendo desde Los Berros rumbo a Famatina, 2000 m, 20 Feb 2003, Barboza et al. 588 (CORD); Famatina, entre Los Cajoncitos y Cuevas de Noroña, 3290 m, 1 Feb 2011, Barboza et al. 2709 (CORD); Famatina, Achavil, justo cruzando Río Achavil, 2392 m, 3 Feb 2011, Barboza et al. 2845 (CORD); Famatina, Los Corrales, 2093 m, 3 Feb 2011, Barboza et al. 2960 (CORD); Famatima, Los Cajones, 3100 m, 18 Dec 2011, Barboza et al. 3224 (CORD); Sanagasta, entre Dique de Los Sauces y el Observatorio del Cerro de la Cruz, 1000 m, 23 Aug 1977, Biurrun & Pagliari 959 (CORD); General Belgrano, El Toro Muerto, Sierra de Los Qunteros, a tres cuadras del paraje El Toro Muerto, rumbo a Las Barrancas, 26 Feb 1989, Biurrun & Pagliari 2672 (CORD); General Sarmiento, entre Jagué y Paso Pircas Negras, a 40 km del primero, quebrada en el Río Peñón, 2750 m, 5 Feb 1998, Biurrun et al. 5121 (CORD); Famatina, Pie de la Cuesta, más arriba del Vallecito, Sierra de Famatina, 15 Jan 1879, Hieronymus & Niederlein 642 (CORD); Tambillas, más arriba, 7 Dec 1915, Hosseus 1009 (CORD); Sierra de Velasco, cerca de la Mina El Cantadero (=La Esperanza), 2400 m, 5 Mar 1944, Hunziker 5193 (CORD); Famatina, Cuesta de Miranda, Sierra de Famatina, 1950 m, 20 Mar 1950, Hunziker & Caso 4342 (CORD); Famatina, Río Amarillo, 1600 m, 11 Jan 1949, Krapovickas & Hunziker 5097 (CORD); General Lamadrid, Los Molles, 2400 m, 24 Jan 1949 Krapovickas & Hunziker 5503 (CORD); Cuesta de Catinsaco, 30 Jan 1906, Kurtz 13366 (CORD); Famatina, La Mariposa, (Los Ramblones), 2100 m, 10 Feb 1906, Kurtz 13427 (CORD); Independencia, Quebrada de Guandacol, cerca de Amanao, 10 Jan 1907, Kurtz 14183 (CORD); Famatina, La Hoyada, 2500 m, 5 Feb 1908, Kurtz 15062 (CORD); Lavalle, Las Trancas, Cerro Coloradito, 10 Mar 1907, Tejada 14580 (CORD); Mendoza: Luján de Cuyo, Arroyo El Salto, Potrerillos, 1810 m, 27 Feb 1985, Ambrosetti & Moscone 1477 (CORD); Las Heras, entre el Río Pichueta y Polvoredas, 2050 m, 28 Feb 1985, Ambrosetti & Moscone 1485 (CORD); Villa Vicencio, path leading up the ridge from hotel, 18 Jan 1943, Bartlett 19404 (GH, NY, US); Las Heras, entre Polvareda y los Tuneles, 2300 m, 13 Jan 1963, Boelcke et al. 9873 (US); Uspallata, 2 Feb 1953, Castellanos s.n. (US); Las Heras, Quebrada del Toro del Centinela, 2000 m, 25 Jan 1950, Cuezzo & Balegno 1902 (BM, G); Luján, El Carmelo, Estancia El Salto, 3 Feb 1950, Cuezzo & Say 2586 (CORD); Las Heras, Puesto Cantera Vieja, Campo de las Hermosas, 31 Jan 1947, Dawson & Pujals 1501 (US); Luján, El Carrizal, El Carrizal de Abajo, a orilla de calles rurales, 790 m, 27 Feb 1985, Del Vitto & Moscone 852 (CORD); Chacoico, Feb 1902, Guevara 6 (CORD); Las Heras, San Ignacio, 1300 m, 25 Dec 1926, King 151 (BM); Las Heras, Quebrada del Río Toro, 12 Jan 1969, Krapovickas & Cristóbal 14575 (US); Las Heras, Los Hornillos, 23 Jan 1886, Kurtz 3437 (CORD); Cuesta de las Minas, 2500 m, 18 Jan 1897, Kurtz 9389 (CORD); Cachenta, 1400 m, 25 Feb 1900, Kurtz 10887 (CORD); Nihuel-Cañon del Atuel Proximo-San Rafael, 1250 m, 28 Jan 1975, Lagiglia 3097 (CORD); Melocotón, 10 km al sur de Villavicencio, 2000 m, 3 Mar 1947, Moyam s.n. (B); Las Heras, Villavicencio, via Villavicencio a Chile, 1700 m, 2 Feb 1946, Nicora 4330 (US); Las Heras, Villa Vicencio, 6 Nov 1951, Ocanto 9 (CORD); Luján, Refugio San Antonio, a 5 km del Refugio, 2000 m, 3 Feb 1950, Say & Cuezzo 2506 (CORD); Las Heras, Quebrada Potrero Puerta, 1500 m, 31 Dec 1944, Semper 269 (A, NY); Luján, Potrerillos, rocas vecinas al Cemeterio, 16 Feb 1945, Semper 397 (A, NY); Río Negro: El Cuy, Aguada Guzmán, Ruta 242, al sur de la Loma El Pangaré, para llegar a la poblacion es necesario seguir el rio, 23 Feb 1990, Zygadlo 140 (CORD); San Juan: Zonda, Cerro Blanco, 28 Jan 1973, Ariza Espinar 2798 (CORD); Caucete, Pie de Palo, a ca. 4 km del Balcón de la Virgen, rumbo a la Antena, 2974 m, 20 Dec 2007, Barboza et al. 1929 (CORD); Valle Fértil, Peñas Rosadas, subiendo al Sierra de Valle Fertíl por el Río Durazno, entre Baldecitos e Ischigualasto, cercanias de paraje Peñas Rosadas, 1400 m, 28 Dec 1997, Biurrun et al. 5045 (CORD); Sarmiento, Col. Pedernal, 4 Dec 1945, Cuezzo 1658 (B); Iglesia, pasando Arroyo El Aspero por RN 150, a 250 m por camino lateral derecho, 2939 m, 19 Feb 2008, Filippa et al. 86 (CORD); Angaco, Quebrada del Molle, Sierra Pie de Palo, subiendo por el camino al Mogote Los Corallitos, 1800 m, 28 Nov 1980, Hunziker et al. 23669 (CORD); Angaco, Quebrada del Molle, Sierra Pie de Palo, subiendo por el camino al Mogote Los Corallitos, 2150 m, 28 Nov 1980, Hunziker et al. 23759 (CORD); Angaco, La Aguada, Sierra Pie de Palo, subiendo por el camino al Mogote Los Corallitos, en la Quebrada El Molle, 2150 m, 19 Dec 1980, Hunziker et al. 23865 (CORD); Iglesia, Ruta 150, 8 km al W de Guardia Vieja (Gendarmeria), 3300 m, 26 Mar 1989, Hunziker & Gamerro 11638 (MO); Angaco, Sierra de Pie de Palo, camino de Mogota a Mogote de los Corallitos, 13 Nov 1982, Kiesling & Sáenz 4112 (CORD); General Sarmiento, Quebrada de las Flechas y Quebrada del Río Los Sombreros, 14 Nov 1982, Kiesling & Sáenz 4199 (CORD); Iglesia, Quebrada de Agua Negra, Ojos de Agua, 3250 m, 22 Feb 1992, Kiesling et al. 7929 (GH, MO, MO, P); Agua Pinta, Agua Pinta-Maradona, Feb 1897, Kurtz s.n. (CORD); Iglesia, Quebrada de Agua Negra, Arrequintín, 21 Apr 1980, Rotman et al. 373 (CORD); camino de San Juan a Calingasta, más o menos en la mitad del camino, Sayago 1252 (CORD); San Luis: Coronel Pringles, Eleodoro Lobos, 3 km al este en Ruta 7, 840 m, 26 Dec 1969, Anderson 1490 (CORD); Coronel Pringles, Trapiche, arriba de Río Trapiche, 1050 m, 5 Nov 1970, Anderson 1771 (CORD); Coronel Pringles, entre Los Membrillos y Cerros Largos, 1300 m, 22 Nov 1976, Anderson et al. 3168 (CORD); General Pedernera, Sierra El Morro, cuenca interior, 1200 m, 10 Dec 1976, Anderson & Alliney 3268 (CORD); Coronel Pringles, Río de la Carpa, entre Los Membrillos y Paso del Rey, Sierra de San Luis, 1250 m, 20 Feb 1979, Anderson et al. 3574 (CORD); General Pedernera, Estancia Santa Teresa, al S de Granville, 800 m, 7 Jan 1981, Anderson 3793 (CORD); Coronel Pringles, Gruta de Incahuasi, alrededores, 1600 m, 4 Dec 1995, Cerana 1259 (CORD); La Guardia, 23 Mar 1882, Galander s.n. (CORD); Quebrada de los Bueyes, 17 Mar 1882, Galander s.n. (CORD); Mina Carolina, 18 Mar 1882, Galander 18 (CORD); Coronel Pringles, Quebrada de los Cóndores, 5 Dec 1979, Guerrero 15 (CORD); Junín, Sierra de Comechingones, en la mitad superior de la falda O, subiendo frente a El Rincón, 9 Feb 1956, Hunziker 11798 (CORD); Junín, El Rincón, al E de Merlo, camino a la vieja Calera, vecino a la toma de agua del Arroyo Carpintería, 18 Jan 1983, Juliani s.n. (CORD); Capital, Chichaca Grande, Cerro Varela, 9 Jan 1892, Kurtz 7019 (CORD); Cerro Varela, 9 Jan 1892, Stuckert 7019 (G, US); Coronel Pringles, Dique del Potrero, 1000 m, 26 Feb 1944, Varela 633 (A); Tucumán: Tafí, Pinar de Los Ciervos, km 70, 6 Mar 1998, Barboza et al. 140 (CORD); entre Tafí del Valle y Amaicha, 6 Mar 1998, Barboza et al.. 152 (CORD); Tafí, desde Amaicha del Valle rumbo a Tafí del Valle, entre km 92-91, 13 Feb 2012, Barboza et al. 3494 (BM, CORD); Tafí, El Molle, en el camino entre Tafí del Valle y Amaicha, km 91-93, 2800 m, 12 Feb 1986, Hunziker et al. 24876 (CORD); Tucumán, 1 Mar 1900, Stuckert 8669 (CORD, G); Trancas, Quebrada del Chorro, 3000 m, Apr 1926, Venturi 7777 (GH, US).
Bolivia. Cochabamba: Tunari, 3800 m, Mar 1953, Cárdenas 5447 A (L); Potosí: Tomás Frías, carretera Potosí-Kuchu Ingenio, ca. 20 km S of Potosí, 4020 m, 18 Feb 2004, Smith et al. 380 (F, MO); Linares, Chaqui village on exit to hot springs and puna, 3400 m, 18 Feb 1996, Wood 10688 (K).
Paraguay. Alto Paraguay: Río Paraguay, brazo interior, 1997, Mereles 7043 (G); Cordillera: Ciervo Cuá, Aug 1990, Mereles 3938 (G); Presidente Hayes: Río Pilcomayo, May 1906, Rojas 193 (G).
Uruguay. Lavalleja: Parador Salus, to the SE, near railroad, boundary of Campos de Loza, 27 Nov 1943, Bartlett 20944 (GH).

Taxon Treatment

• Knapp, S; 2013: A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) PhytoKeys, 22: 1-432. doi

Other References

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2} Morton C (1976) A revision of the Argentine species ofSolanum. Cordoba, Argentina: Academia Nacional de Ciencias.
2. ↑ Moscone E (1992) Estudios de cromosomas meióticos en Solanaceae de Argentina. Darwiniana 31: 261-297.
3. ↑ Moat J (2007) Conservation assessment tools extension for ArcView 3.x, version 1.2. GIS Unit, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available at http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/cats

Images

Figure 2. Leaf variation in members of the Dulcamaroid clade. A Leaf variation along a single short stem, Solanum salicifolium (Barboza et al. 3467, Catamarca, Argentina) B Thick leathery leaves of Solanum macbridei (Nee & Solomon 30182, La Paz, Bolivia) C Uneven leaf lobing in Solanum dulcamara (Knapp IM-10102, Tuscany, Italy) D Variable membranous leaves of Solanum lyratum (Knapp et al. 10139, Jiangxi, China).  Figure 82. Solanum salicifolium Phil. (A–F drawn from Varela 633 G–J drawn from Keisling 7929 K–L drawn from Kuntze s.n., Dec 1891 M drawn from King 151 N drawn from Hieronymus s.n., coll. 1878). Illustration by Bobbi Angell.  Figure 83. Distribution of Solanum salicifolium Phil.