Difference between revisions of "Solanum pubigerum"

Latest revision as of 12:40, 10 May 2013

Taxonavigation

Ordo: Solanales
Familia: Solanaceae
Genus: Solanum

Name

Solanum pubigerum Dunal, Hist. Nat. Solanum 160, tab. 6. 1813 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

• Solanum leptanthum Dunal in Poir., Encycl. Meth. Suppl. 3: 747. 1814. Type: Mexico. Based on an unpublished illustration in the Sessé and Mociño collection (lectotype, designated here: Hunt Botanical Institute 6331.0673).
• Solanum cervantesii Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl. 10. 1816. Type: Spain: Cultivated at the Madrid Botanical Garden, originally from Mexico, Anon. (lectotype, designated here: MA [MA-308287]; possible isolectotype: G [G00070132]).
• Solanum modestum Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 663. 1819. Type: Mexico. Sin. loc., Anon. (holotype: B-W [B-W04373-01 0]).
• Solanum glabrum Dunal, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 102. 1852. Type: Mexico. Hildago: “prope Morán, Regla et Omitlán”, A. Humboldt & A. Bonpland s.n. (lectotype, designated here: P [P00136343]).
• Solanum martensii Dunal, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 140. 1852. Type: Mexico. Oaxaca: “Yaveziae”, H. Galeotti 1227 (no herbaria cited; lectotype, designated here: G [G00070133]).
• Solanum lineatum Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mex. ed. 2, 51. 1894, nom. illeg., non Solanum lineatum Ruiz & Pav., 1799. Type: México. Distrito Federal: Pedregal del San Angel, oeste de volcán Xitle, M.A. Panti Madero 155 (neotype, designated by Knapp, 2008b, pg. 15: MEXU [MEXU-357951]).
• Solanum lineatum Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mex. ed. 2, 53. 1894, nom. illeg., non Solanum lineatum Ruiz & Pav., 1799. Type: México. Distrito Federal: Mun. Tlalpan, cerca de Xitle, N. Herrera C. 129 (neotype, designated by Knapp, 2008b, pg. 15: MEXU [MEXU-357763]).
• Solanum irazuense Standl. & L.O. Williams, Ceiba 1: 247. 1951. Type: Costa Rica. Cartago: Chicua, Volcán Irazú, 2750 m, 12 Aug 1950, J. León 2682 (holotype: US [US-2215911]; isotype: CR).

Type

France: Cultivated in Montpellier, of unstated origin (no specimens cited; lectotype, designated here: Dunal, Hist. Nat. Solanum tab. 6. 1813).

Description

Shrubs or small trees, 1–5 m tall. Stems erect, glabrous to sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrescent; new growth glabrous or sparsely pubescent with simple trichomes, usually drying dark. Bark of older stems brown or pale brown to yellowish brown. Sympodial units plurifoliate. Leaves simple, (2-)3–20 cm long, (1-)1.2–7 cm wide, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, membranous, the upper surfaces glabrous or with a very few simple uniseriate trichomes on the veins and occasionally extending to the lamina, the lower surfaces sparsely to densely pubescent all along the midrib and on the veins with simple uniseriate trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long, these usually tangled and with small cells, the trichomes occasionally extending to the lamina; primary veins 12–16(-24) pairs, usually drying yellow; base attenuate, not winged onto the stem; margins entire; apex acute; petioles 0.5–2 cm long, with the leaf base narrowly attenuate to the base, glabrous or with a few simple uniseriate trichomes, never twining. Inflorescences terminal or occasionally lateral, 4–15 cm long, many times branched, with 50–100+ flowers, glabrous or with a few scattered simple trichomes, these denser near the pedicel insertion points; peduncle 1.5–7 cm long; pedicels 0.5–0.6 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the apex, slender, strongly nodding at anthesis, glabrous, articulated at the base from a small sleeve; pedicel scars clustered at the tips of inflorescence branches in groups of 5–10 as small platforms. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers all perfect, 5-merous. Calyx tube 1–1.3 mm long, conical, the lobes ca. 0.5 mm long, deltate, glabrous with the tips and margins densely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes ca. 0.2 mm long. Corolla 1–1.4 cm in diameter, white, occasionally tinged violet, stellate, lobed 1/2 to 3/4 of the way to the base, the lobes 4–6 mm long, 3–4 mm wide, spreading or planar at anthesis, densely pubescent on the tips and margins with simple uniseriate trichomes, otherwise glabrous. Filament tube minute, the free portion of the filaments 1–1.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers 1.5–2 mm long, 0.5–0.75 mm wide, ellipsoid, loosely connivent, poricidal at the tips, the pores usually lengthening to slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style 5–5.5 mm long, glabrous; stigma minutely capitate, the surface minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, 0.7–0.8 cm in diameter, red when mature, the pericarp thin and shiny, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1–1.2 cm long, slightly woody, erect. Seeds ca. 10 per berry, 3–3.5 mm long, 2–2.5 mm wide, flattened reniform, reddish brown, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells rectangular. Chromosome number: not known.

Distribution

(Figure 75). From the State of San Luis Potosí, Mexico to Guatemala, with disjunct populations in central Costa Rica, occurring from 2000-3200 m. Solanum pubigerum is very common in central Mexico and in the mountains around Mexico City.

Ecology

Common in montane pine-oak forests, secondary forests and forest margins.

Common names:

Mexico. Morelos: hierba del negro (Vázquez S. 1007)

Conservation status

Least Concern (LC); EOO >100,000 km2 (LC) and AOO >10,000 km2 (LC). See Moat (2007)^[1] for explanation of measurements.

Discussion

Solanum pubigerum is extremely similar to Solanum aligerum, with which it broadly overlaps in central Mexico and Central America. The two species can be very difficult to distinguish, but Solanum pubigerum has simple trichomes all along the midrib, rather than dendritic trichomes concentrated in the veins axils or over the entire lamina. Flowers are smaller in Solanum pubigerum with the calyx lobes deltate rather than quadrate (this can be difficult to see), and the berries of Solanum pubigerum are also smaller and usually red when ripe (although label data conflict on this point, so some variation may exist). The leaves of Solanum pubigerum are in general broader than those of Solanum aligerum, but not consistently so. Although leaf size in both these species is quite variable that of Solanum pubigerum is more variable than Solanum aligerum; specimens of Solanum pubigerum have been collected with very small or very large leaves, probably due to habitat conditions. The stems of Solanum pubigerum are never winged from the decurrent leaf bases, but those of Solanum aligerum are often prominently winged, with the wings persisting in quite old stems. In general the two species appear to not occupy the same forest types where their ranges overlap.
No specimens were cited in the protologue of Solanum pubigerum, but a sheet possibly collected by Dunal now housed at MPU [Morton neg. 22273] is a potential epitype; it was apparently grown at “Jardin”, and annotated by Dunal in 1851 as “Solanum cervantesii Lag. pubigerum Dun.”; other sheets of cultivated plants from the early 19th century held at P and G are also possible original material. I have chosen not to neotypify this name using this material, but instead to use the illustration in Dunal (1813) as the lectotype (see Figure 76), as it is undoubtably original material. I thought for a long time that Solanum leptanthum was a synonym of Solanum corymbosum, a species in section Parasolanum of the Morelloid clade, however a specimen in G cited by Dunal in the Prodromus is clearly Solanum pubigerum, but has very small flowers and a reduced inflorescence. In coining the epithet leptanthum Dunal cited a Sessé and Mocino illustration; as in the case of Solanum dulcamaroides (see discussion under that species), he is likely to have seen this in the original set brought by Mocino to Montpellier, thus the plate currently held in the Hunt Botanical Institute (6331.0673, Figure 77) is the only original material associated with this name. Another illustration in that collection (6331.0841, see http://128.2.21.109/fmi/xsl/ArtCat/browserecord.xsl?-lay=Browse&-recid=83319&-find=-find ) is similar, but has black fruits and larger flowers. I suggest that this represents Solanum aligerum. Neither of these plates is annotated in Dunal’s hand unlike others in the collection. Solanum cervantesii, the name by which this species was long known, was a rname coined by Lagasca to replace the herbarium name of Cervantes ‘Solanum microcarpon’. I have selected a specimen from the Madrid Botanical Garden collected in 1803 annotated as Solanum cervantesii in Lagasca’s hand; a possible isolectotype sheet is held at G and is annotated “Sol. microcarpon Cerv. ex. Lag.”. The complex neotypification of the Sessé and Mociño epithet “lineatum” (used twice by them) is discussed in detail in Knapp (2008b)^[2].
Solanum glabrum had been (like Solanum leptanthum) considered a member of the Morelloid clade. Dunal (1852)^[3] cited his own unpublished illustration (“Dun. ic. ined. t.101*”) intended for publication with his expanded Synopsis (Dunal 1816), and a specimen said to be in the herbarium of Humboldt and Bonpland from “Moran, Regla et Omitlan Mexicanorum”. No such specimen is present in P-Bonpl., but a sheet in the general herbarium (P00136343) from Bonpland has a label with the locality “Moran” and is labelled as in the protologue. I have chosen this sheet as the lectotype of Solanum glabrum, which represents an unusual almost completely glabrous form of Solanum pubigerum.

Specimens examined

Costa Rica. Cartago: Volcán Irazu, SW side, 2500 m, 8 Jun 1983, Barringer 3005 (F, PMA); Slope SW of Volcán Irazú, 2500 m, 21 Jan 1983, Garwood et al. 351 (BM, MO); between Sanatorio and Finca Robert, slopes of Irazu, 2591 m, 4 Oct 1953, Heiser 3601 (US); Villa Mills area near Cerro de la Muerte, 3000 m, 12 May 1982, Huft et al. 2144 (MO); Tierra Blanca, 30 Apr 1934, Orozco 304 (F); Cantón de Cartago, Cuenca del Reventazón, entre Coto Brus y Tierra Blanca, 2060 m, 19 Feb 1997, Rodríguez et al. 2013 (MO).
Guatemala. Chimaltenango: Tecpán, Iximche Creek, road to Iximche Ruins, 2500 m, 12 Jan 1966, Molina R. et al. 16088 (F, NY, US); Los Idolos bridge, 10 kms. from Godines, 2000 m, 21 Sep 1971, Molina R. & Molina 26702 (F); Tecpan, 2000 m, Morales Ruano 1266 (F); Chichavac, 2400 m, 29 Jul 1933, Skutch 507 (US); Above Las Calderas, 1800 m, 15 Dec 1938, Standley 60004 (F, US); Huehuetenango: San Mateo Ixtatán, near the place called Kurus Lemun, 4 miles east of San Mateo Ixtatán along road to Barillas, 2591 m, 7 Aug 1965, Breedlove 11612 (F, US); San Juan Atitan, 2560 m, 9 Sep 1934, Skutch 1167 (F, US); Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, above Chiantla, 1950 m, 19 Feb 1939, Standley 66613 (F); near Soloma, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, 2400 m, 4 Aug 1942, Steyermark 49974 (F, NY); Aldea Jolomhuitz, San Juan Ixcoy, 2350 m, 7 Mar 1995, Véliz 95-4467 (MEXU); Sierra de los Cuchumatanes just below Calaveras, 3000 m, 29 Nov 1962, Williams et al. 21999 (F, NY, US); Petén: Tikal, 3 Nov 1965, Andrews 501 (NY); Quetzaltenango: northside Santa Maria Volcano, 3109 m, 19 Dec 1963, Eggler 411 (F); 2286 m, 31 Jan 1917, Holway 815 (US); Cerro Quemado, 8 Feb 1906, Kellerman 3928 (US); Palmar, 11 Feb 1906, Kellerman 5801 (MEXU, US); highway km 172 junction Quetzaltenango, Huehuetenango and Totonicapán, 2860 m, 10 Jan 1974, Molina R. et al. 30184 (F, MO, NY); near Quetzaltenango, 2439 m, 24 Jul 1934, Skutch 815 (F, US); slopes of Volcán de Zunil, at and above Aguas Amargas, 2430 m, 17 Feb 1939, Standley 65295 (F); Fuentes Georginas, western slope of Volcán de Zunil, 2850 m, 4 Mar 1939, Standley 67342 (F, US); slopes of Volcán de Santa Maria, above Palojunoj, 2400 m, 6 Mar 1939, Standley 67562 (F, US); Cumbre de Tuilacan, southwest of San Martin Chile Verde, 2400 m, 8 Mar 1939, Standley 67770 (F); Aguas Amargas, on the western slope of Volcán de Zunil, 2450 m, 14 Jan 1941, Standley 83317 (F, US); region of Boxantin, southeast of San Martín Chile Verde, 2400 m, 16 Jan 1941, Standley 83821 (F); near Rio Samalá, along road between Zunil and Cantel, 2150 m, 18 Jan 1941, Standley 83939 (F); Volcán Santa Maria, between Santa Maria de Jesus, Los Mojadas, and summit of volcano, 1500 m, 12 Jan 1940, Steyermark 33980 (F); Sierra Madre Mountains, about 5 km north of Ostuncalco, 2600 m, 8 Dec 1963, Williams et al. 25497 (F, NY, US); Quiché: Pascual Abaj, west of Chichicastenango, 2500 m, 12 Jan 1966, Molina R. et al. 16275 (F, NY); Sacatepéquez: San Martín, 10 Sep 1938, Johnston 1352 (F); San Marcos: Along road between San Marcos and Quezaltenango, ca 5 miles E of San Marcos, ca. 500m from highway, 2300 m, 14 Jul 1977, Croat 41032 (BM, MO); Aldea Toniná, volcán Tacaná; sobre camino Talquián (Mexico)-Toniná-cima del volcán, 2700 m, 7 May 1987, Martínez S. & Ramírez 20814 (MEXU, MO); Camino de Chuco, 2400 m, Jun 1923, Salas 377 (US); La Cienaga, 2700 m, Standley 66059 (F); above Rio Tacaná, near San Antonio, 2700 m, 22 Feb 1939, Standley 66103 (F); Puente de Nahuatl-aa, near San Marcos, 2280 m, 22 Feb 1939, Standley 66262 (F); El Boquerón, in the mountains at the summit of the road between San Antonio Sacatepéquez and Palestina, 2850 m, 30 Jan 1941, Standley 85282 (F); between La Vega ridge along Rio Vega and north-east slopes of Volcán Tacaná, to 3 miles from Guatemala-Mexico boundary, in vicinity of San Rafael, 2500 m, 20 Feb 1940, Steyermark 36196 (F); Palestina de Los Altos, 2400 m, 29 Sep 1992, Véliz 92.2331 (MEXU); road to Tajumulco Volcano, Sierra Madre Mountains, near San Andres, 2900 m, 2 Jan 1965, Williams et al. 27007 (F, US); Sololá: along Hwy. CA 1, 20 km (by road) SE of Nahualá, just above Colonia María Tucún, 2300 m, 17 Sep 1997, Nee et al. 47364 (MO, NY); Totonicapán: Maria Tecún, 3000 m, 12 Jan 1966, Molina R. et al. 16362 (F, NY); near Momostenango, 2100 m, 21 Nov 1967, Molina R. 21420 (F, NY); between kms. 150-158 vicinity of La Cumbre of Totonicapán, 2500 m, 10 Dec 1969, Molina R. & Molina 25055 (F, MO, US); canyon in the Sierra Madre Mountains, about 5-10 km north of San Carlos, 2800 m, 8 Dec 1962, Williams et al. 22579 F, (NY, US); Sierra Madre mountains about 8-10 km airline south of Totonicapán, 3100 m, 13 Dec 1962, Williams et al. 22929 (F); Totonicapán/Sololá: Hwy CA1 between Huehuetenango and Chimaltenango, between junction in road to Quezaltenango and Nahualá ca 10 miles SSE of junction to Quetzaltenango, 2950 m, 23 Jan 1987, Croat & Hannon 63505 (BM, MEXU, MO, NY).
Mexico. Chiapas: San Cristóbal de las Casas, at north end of San Cristóbal las Casas, 2134 m, 6 Jul 1964, Breedlove 6053 (F, US); Zinacantán, Zinacantan Center, 2073 m, 30 Mar 1965, Breedlove 9471 (US); Motozintla de Mendoza, southwest side of Cerro Mozotal, 11 km northwest of the junction of the road to Montozintla along the road to El Porvenir and Siltepec, 2100 m, 27 Jun 1972, Breedlove 25721 (MEXU, MO); along road between Motozintla de Mendoza and Siltepec; 1.5-5.5 miles N of El Porvenir, 1325 m, 11 Feb 1979, Croat 47350 (NY); San Cristóbal de las Casas, ravine near Sumidero in the Valley of San Cristóbal las Casas, 2164 m, 17 Feb 1966, Laughlin 88 (F, US); Mt. Pasitar (Mt. Paxtal), 3 Aug 1937, Matuda 1707 (F, K, MEXU, MO, NY, US); Vol. Tacaná, Chiquihuite, 27 Mar 1939, Matuda 2837 (MEXU); Escuintla, Mt Ovando, 14 Nov 1945, Matuda 16239 (MEXU, US); San Cristóbal de las Casas, Cerro San Felipe, al S de San Cristobal, 11 Sep 1984, Méndez G. 7920 (MEXU, MO); San Cristóbal de las Casas, Arroyo Las Piedrecitas, en el lado Oriente de San Cristóbal de las Casas, 15 Nov 1985, Méndez G. 8593 (NY); San Cristóbal de las Casas, Santa Cruz en San Felipe, 15 Nov 1986, Méndez Ton & López 9780 (MO, NY); Larrainzar, Cruz Quemada, 13 km (by air) NW of San Cristobal Las Casas, 2300 m, 22 Dec 1985, Nee 32319 (MO); Cerro del Boqueron, Jun 1914, Purpus 7326 (F, MO, NY, US); Yok Milbil Tulan, 2378 m, 30 Aug 1987, Santíz Ruiz 86 (MEXU); San Juán Chamula, Paraje Yi’tik, 21 km de Chamula al oeste cerca de San Andres, 2073 m, 14 Jul 1988, Santíz Ruiz 938 (MEXU); Motozintla, road from Motozintla to Niquivil, 6 km east of Col. Rivera Morelos, 2300 m, 7 Feb 1990, Stafford et al. 248 (BM, MEXU, MO); Mazapa de Madero, Granaos Talcanaque, 10 km al N, 2500 m, 22 Feb 1987, Ventura & López 4368 (MEXU); Colima: Cuauhtémoc, 400 mts. antes de llegar al Trapiche, 640 m, 25 Feb 1992, García Torres 30 (MEXU); Cuchilla, northeast of Volcano Colima, 3048 m, 22 Jul 1995, Goldsmith 64 (US); Distrito Federal: San Ángel, Vallee de Mexico, 11 May 1865, Bourgeau 716 (LE); Tlalpan, N de Volcán Ajusco. ca km 19.4 de Mexico 144, 3200 m, 20 Feb 1983, Bye 11953 (MO); nine miles west of Parque Nacional Zoquiapan, 2475 m, 28 Jul 1967, Clarke 612 (NY); Cerro Ajusco, 15 Sep 1978, D’Arcy 11917 (BM, NY); Tlalpam, 2280 m, 1 Aug 1924, Fisher s.n. (MO); 1 km al S del crater del Volcán Xitle, 2400 m, 20 Feb 1987, García M. & Martínez 2897 (MEXU); Delegación La Magdalena Contreras, cañada que está a 7 km al SO de Contreras, sobre la carretera que va hacia los dinamos, 2950 m, 10 Apr 1978, García P. 628 (F, MO); Desierto de Los Leones, Dec 1936, Lyonnet 1369 (MEXU x2, US); Contreras, Sep 1937, Lyonnet 1626 (MEXU, US); Contreras, Dec 1936, Lyonnet 3051 (MEXU, US); Cuajimalpa, 1.5 km al NE del Poblado Zacamulpa, 2 Aug 1985, López 14 (MEXU); Cerro de Sta. Catalina, 2800 m, 19 Mar 1951, Matuda 21033 (MEXU); Contreras, 4 Feb 1940, Miranda 97 (MEXU); GA Madero, Sierra de Guadalupe, Cerro Grande, 5 km al NNW de Cuautepec, 30 Jun 1973, Moreno G. 264 (MEXU); ladera oeste del Volcán Xitle’, 3000 m, 4 Dec 1980, Panti Madero 476 (MEXU); Tres Cumbres, on road southward from Mexico City to Taxco, 5 Apr 1939, Perkins & Hall 3376 (BH); near Contreras, 2378 m, 21 May 1901, Pringle 9489 (BH, K, US); El Desierto, 2 or 3 km beyond La Venta, 6 Oct 1930, Reddick 4 (BH); S of Contreras, 2700 m, 17 Sep 1930, Russell & Souviron 192 (US); Xochimilco, San Francisco, 2650 m, 7 Feb 1976, Rzedowski 961 (MO); Contreras, Aug 1913, Salazar s.n. (US); Ladera NO del Cerro Meyuca, Del. M. Contreras, 3000 m, 8 Feb 1992, Sandoval 61 (MEXU); Contreras, Segundo Dinamo, 2650 m, 24 Aug 1969, Sereno A. 23 (MEXU); Rio de la Magdalena, between Contreras and the 2nd dynamo, 2652 m, 23 Jul 1944, Sharp 4412 (MEXU, US); Tlalpan, en San Miguel Ajusco, 1 Sep 1986, Soto N. & Soto R. 12988 (MEXU); Desierto de Los Leones National Park, 9.3 km from Mex. 15 on road through park (5 km straight SE of La Vemta), 3000 m, 21 Jul 1975, Steingraeber & Steingraeber 64 (MEXU); Xochimilco, Esquihuil, San Francisco, 2800 m, 5 Feb 1977, Ventura A. 2565 (MEXU); Durango: Tayoltita, Carboneras 54 km al SW de San Miguel de Cruces, Brecha a Toyaltita, 1800 m, 6 Jul 1984, Tenorio L. et al. 6251 (MEXU); Guanajuato: San Luis de la Paz, 2 km de Mesas de Jesus, por el camino al Vergel, 2300 m, 20 Jul 1992, Díaz B. & García L. 7046 (MEXU); 13 mi N of Cuernavaca along old road to Mexico, 2865 m, 3 Dec 1961, Gentry et al. 19588 (US); San Luis de la Paz, about 12 km al MW de Mesas de Jesus, camino a San Anton, 2200 m, 24 Apr 1997, Pérez & Carranza 3609 (MEXU); Ocampo, cerca de La Quebrada, 2000 m, 27 Aug 1994, Rzedowski 52348 (MEXU); 15 miles north of Guanajuato on old road toward Dolores Hidalgo, 2439 m, 30 Jul 1958, Straw & Forman 1459 (MEXU); Atarjea, Aldama, 2100 m, 8 Oct 1977, Zamudio 2510 (MEXU); Guanajuato, 5 km al NE de Santa Rosa, 2580 m, 5 Sep 1998, Zamudio Murillo 10795 (MEXU); Guerrero: Metlatónoc, Xatu Yahta, al W de Coicoyan, terreno de Atzompa, 2700 m, 16 Dec 1987, Ávila 146 (MEXU); along highway between Millpillas (on highway 95) and Atoyac de Alvavez, 3.7 miles west of turn-off onto road to Chichihualco, 2325 m, 14 Jan 1979, Croat 45617 (MEXU, MO, NY); Pedro Ascencio Alquisiras, Huixotitla, entre San Juan Tenerias y Puerto Obscuro, 2500 m, 27 Feb 1998, Cruz Durán 2012 (MEXU); Chichihualco, a 6.5 km W de Puerto del Gallo por camino a Paraiso, 2200 m, 22 Jan 1985, Hernández & Tenorio L. 853 (MEXU, MO); Chichihualco, Camino Filo de Caballo-Atoyac, 3 km al SO de Filo de Caballo, 2360 m, 17 Oct 1982, Koch & Fryxell 8290 (BH, BM, F, NY, US); Omiltemi, 30 km al SW de Chilpancingo, 2200 m, 31 Mar 1962, Lachica & Díaz 4 (US); Chichihualco, 5 km al SE de El Carrizal de los Bravos, camino Filo de Caballo-Chichihualgo, 2480 m, 21 Feb 1983, Martínez S. et al. 3287 (MEXU, NY); Chichihualco, a 13 km al NW del Puerto Filo de Caballo, 20 Apr 1983, Martínez S. & Neill 3834 (MEXU); along the road to Filo de Caballo, 43 miles from Mex Hwy 95 near Chilpancingo, 2250 m, 18 Jan 1983, Miller et al. 487 (BM, MO, NY); Sierra Madre del Sur, along the Milpillas-Atoyac road via Puerto del Gallo, about 40.5 miles SW of Mexico Highway 95, 9 miles SW of Carrazal del Bravo, S of road, 3000 m, 16 Oct 1975, Reveal et al. 4230 (BM, K); Chilpancingo, camino Ocoxima, El Fresno, 2410 m, 18 Dec 1973, Sarukhán et al. 3615 (MEXU); Zitácuaro, a 22 km al NE de Zitacuaro, sobre la carretera a Toluca, 2250 m, 18 Jun 1983, Soto N. 5250 (F, MEXU); Atoyac de Álvarez, 8 km al SO de el Puerto de el Gallo, 2120 m, 24 May 1986, Soto N. & Solorzano G.12795 (MEXU x2, NY); Ixcateopan de Cuauhtémoc, San Fernardo, 6 km al E de Cruz Alta, 2500 m, 25 Jan 1998, Soto 7134 (MEXU); Taxco de Alarcón, El Tejocote, 7 km al E de Cruz Alta, 2500 m, 24 Jan 1998, Soto 7164 (MEXU); General Heliodoro Castillo, 0.5 km NW of La Guitarra, on rd to Toro Muerte 9 km NW of jct. rd from El Paraiso to Pto del Gallo; 48 km NNW of El Paraiso, 2800 m, 9 Jun 1985, Thomas & Contreras 3757 (NY); Malinaltepec, 1900 m, 24 Jun 1991, Wegenbreth 642 (MEXU); Zapotitlán Tablas, Ojo de Agua, 1700 m, 15 Oct 1991, Wegenbreth 792 (MEXU); Hidalgo: Ajacuba, La Barranca, localidad al N de poblado Emiliano Zapata, ladera S de la sierra de Chicavasco, ejido E. Zapata, 2180 m, 21 Aug 1968, Díaz V. & Valverde G. 63 (MEXU); San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Poblado La Victoria, aprox. 5 km despues de Puerto Mexico, rumbo a Chapultepec de Pozos, 2400 m, 15 May 1990, Díaz V. et al. 930 (MEXU); San Salvador, km 135-137 on Laredo highway, between Actopan and Ixmiquilpan, 8 Oct 1943, Gilly & Camp 8 (F, MEXU, NY); Epazoyucan, 2 km de Epazoyucan, 2650 m, 25 Jun 1974, Goruz 81 (MEXU); Zempoala, Tepeyahualco, 2400 m, 2 Jul 1979, Hernández M. 3270 (MEXU); Apan, 6 kms al noroeste de Apan, 2500 m, 10 Aug 1981, Hernández M. 6307 (MEXU, MO); Tulancingo, 10 km al NE de Tulancingo, 2300 m, 18 May 1982, Hernández M.7252 (MEXU); San Miguel Regla, 2090 m, 22 Jun 1978, Lamy et al. 266 (MEXU); km 231 of highway, between Zimapán and Jacala, 14 Aug 1943, Lundell & Lundell 12385 (NY, US); margenes de Rio Malila, 6 km al sur de Molango, 1600 m, 15 Jul 1992, López García 223 (MEXU); Zempoala, Xochihuacan, 13 kms al norte de Zempoala, 2300 m, 3 Nov 1980, Magaña 5259 (MEXU, MO); Zimapán, La Majada, 20-25 km al noreste de Zimapan, 2100 m, 13 Sep 1981, Magaña & Hernández M. 6530 (MO); Ixmiquilpan, Las Emes, 20 kms al norte de Ixmiquilpan, hacia la Pechuga, 2200 m, 18 Nov 1981, Magaña 6659 (MO); Tepeapulco, 2 kms an noreste de Tepeapulco, 2290 m, 2 Mar 1982, Magaña & Tenorio L. 7059 (MEXU, MO); Zacualtipán, Cerro Corona, 2000 m, 1 Feb 1954, Matuda 30357 (MEXU); El Chico, Presa Jaramillo, 4.5 km al N de Pachuca, 2750 m, 3 May 1975, Medina C. 307 (MO); Tlaxcoapan, about 3 miles on road from Tula highway to Tezontepec, 2100 m, 12 Oct 1946, Moore 1505 (BH); Telles, 21 Sep 1910, Orcutt 4136 (F, MEXU, MO, NY, US); near Tula, 1920 m, 12 Apr 1940, Pringle 13134 (BH, F, K, MEXU, MO, SI, US); 4 km al W de Tolcayuca, 2350 m, 23 Aug 1970, Quintero G. 5 (NY, US); Zontecomate, 3 km SW of Zontecomate, 7 Nov 1930, Reddick 280 (BH); Real del Monte, 5 Nov 1930, Reddick 626 (BH); Tolcayuca, ladera N del Cerro de la Cruz, 2650 m, 7 Nov 1975, Rivera 42 (MEXU); Zimapán, 5 km al Noreste de Trancas, hacia Nicolas Flores, 2200 m, 4 Oct 1980, Rodríguez 5032 (NY, US); Sierra de Pachuca, 20 Jul 1905, Rose et al. 8879 (F, NY, US); entre Guerrero y Omitlan, camino a Tampico, 13 May 1985, Sousa et al. 25 (MEXU, NY); 3 miles N of Puerto Ignacio Isidro Diaz, along MEX 85 N of Zimapan, 20 Aug 1971, Vaughan et al. 1033 (MO); Actopan, San Juan Solís, Nopalera, 2100 m, 15 Oct 1986, Velasco & Ojeda 15 (MEXU); Tepeapulco, Cerro de Xihuingo, 2700 m, 8 Nov 1975, Ventura A. 532 (MEXU); Cerro Maziahua, near Rancho San Lucas. 6 km NNE of APAM, W slopes, 2500 to 2750, 2500 m, 25 Jun 1966, West E-2 (BM, US); Jalisco: Nevado de Colima, 3201 m, 20 Nov 1968, Boutin & Brandt 2317 (MEXU); Venustiano Carranza, 25 km al SO de Cd Guzman, por carr. a El Grullo, luego 7 km. al SO del Floripondio por brecha a Microondas Las Viboras, 2850 m, 3 Oct 1988, Fuentes O. 820 (NY); Nevado de Colima, Nevado de Zapotlan, a few miles south of Ciudad Guzman (Zapotlan), 3000 m, 2 Jul 1956, Gregory & Eiten 292 (MEXU, MO, NY x2); NW slopes of Nevado de Colima, above Jazmín, near upper end of water-line 2-3 km above settlement of El Isote, 2600 m, 26 Mar 1949, McVaugh & Wilbur 10066 (MEXU, NY, US); NE slopes of the Nevado de Colima, below Canoa de Leoncito, steep cut-over mountainsides in fir zone at head of Barranca de la Rosa, 2800 m, 10 Oct 1952, McVaugh & Sooby 13403 (BM, MEXU, US); Sierra de Manantlán (15-20 miles southest of Autlán), about 2 miles from Aserradero San Miguel Uno, west and south of divide towards Manzanillo, 2250 m, 4 Nov 1952, McVaugh & Hoover 13923 (MEXU, US); camino de ascenso al Cerro Viejo, por las Trojes, 2350 m, 9 Sep 1987, Rodríguez C. 1006 (MEXU); Camino de Atenquique al Nevado de Colima, 2900 m, 10 Jan 1965, Rzedowski 19381 (MEXU); Tuxpán, 20 km al SO del Fresnillo, brecha Parque Nacional El Nevado, 3350 m, 5 Jan 1990, Villa C. & Chávez L. 505 (NY); Tonila, ladera de Volcán Nevado de Colima, 2750 m, 9 Aug 1986, Zamudio 4289 (MEXU); Michoacán: Hidalgo, Mil Cumbres, al 3 km al S de Mil Cumbres, cuenca del Río Balsas, 2200 m, May 1985, Aureoles et al. 8521 (BH); El Agua de la Difunta, Cerro el Cacique, 2800 m, 4 Nov 1978, Contreras 239 (F); Pátzcuaro, parte alta de Cerro del Burro, cerca de Cuanajo, 3150 m, 24 May 1985, Díaz Barriga 1028 (MEXU); Pátzcuaro, Huecorio, 2100 m, 25 Nov 1985, Escobedo 686 (F, NY); 12.5 miles E of Zitacuaro and 3.5 miles E of Macho de Agua along Hwy. 15 between Toluca and Morelia, 1 Nov 1977, Funk & Hill 2239 (US); Zitácuaro, Jun 1938, Hinton 11901 (K, NY, US); Zinapécuaro, 2 km al E de Jerahuaro, camino a Huajumbaro, 2380 m, 29 Sep 1988, Jasso 261 (MO); Tancítaro, Cerro Tancitaro, 3048 m, 19 Aug 1940, Leavenworth 698 (F); falda W del Cerro Altamirano, al E de Contepec, 2500 m, 8 Jun 1990, Madrigal Sánchez 4344 (MEXU); Ocampo, en el camino entre El Rosario y El Santuario de las Mariposas Monarca, 2800 m, 26 Feb 1983, Martínez M. 3331 (MEXU); Contepec, parte alta del Cerro Altamirano, 2570 m, 29 Oct 1991, Pérez C. & García L. 2570 (MEXU); camino al Norte de Sicuicho, 2350 m, 6 May 1981, Ramos 173 (MEXU); Santa Clara del Cobre, en la parte alta del Cerro Burro; 30 km al N de Tacambaro, (Cuenca del Rio Balsas y Sierra M del Sur), 2850 m, 15 Mar 1985, Soto N. & Aureoles 7684 (MEXU); en boca de Cañada, 20 km al NE de Zitacuaro, 2650 m, 22 Mar 1982, Soto N. & Silva R. 3827 (MEXU, MO); Santa Clara del Cobre, en la parte alta de el Cerro Burro, 2850 m, 15 Mar 1985, Soto N, J.C., Aureoles C, S. 7684 (MEXU); Ocampo, 11 km al SE de Ocampo, en el Cerro El Chivati, 2700 m, 16 May 1986, Soto N. & Solorzano G. 12611 (MEXU); Zitácuaro, Macho de Agua, 7 km al E de Zitacuaro, Carr. Zitacuaro-Toluca, 2700 m, 27 Aug 1982, Tenorio L. et al. 1557 (MO); 5 km al S de el Rosario ó 6 km al N de Ocampo, 2600 m, 28 Nov 1985, Torres C. 7723 (F, MEXU, MO); Tlalpujahua, camino Cerro San Miguel el Alto a Calvario, 2920 m, 21 Oct 1987, Zamudio 5798 (MO); Salvador Escalante, Cerro La Tapada, ejido Felipe Tzinzun, 3025 m, 21 Jan 1988, Zamudio 6019 (MEXU); Morelos: about 8 miles southwest of Tres Cumbres, 26 Jul 1947, Barkley et al. 7443 (MEXU); Huitzilac, Atzompa, camino al Tepeite, 5 km al NO de Huitzilac, 2560 m, 6 May 1989, Bonilla 654 (MEXU); Huitzilac, Parque Nacional Lagunas de Zempoala, 3200 m, 23 Jul 1986, Cardoso & Estrada 1203 (MEXU); Huitzilac, Rancho San Lorenzo, km 53.5 de la carretera federal (95) Mexico-Acapulco, al SW del poblado Tres Marias, 2660 m, 7 Sep 1989, Díaz V. 1012 (MEXU); Huitzilac, 7 km al E de Huitzilac (4.5 km por la brecha que parte en el km 7 de la carretera Tres Marias-Zampoala), 2600 m, 10 Mar 1989, Espejo et al. 3515 (MEXU); Valle del Tepeite, Nov 1933, Lyonnet 1126 (MEXU x2, US); Lagunas Zempoala, 2506 m, 17 Sep 1938, Lyonnet 2506 (MEXU, US); México: Acuautla, Aug 1988, Altamirano (MEXU); Texcoco, Santa Catarina del Monte, 2630 m, 1 Oct 1982, Ascencio V. 20 (MEXU); San José de Allende, just E of the Michoacán border on the road from Zitacuaro to Toluca, 2750 m, 10 Oct 1985, Bartholomew 2879 (MEXU, NY); Texcoco, Chapingo, 2240 m, 27 Jun 1991, Bonilla B. & Monsalvo G.. 162 (MEXU); 0-2W of Encinillas, along Hwy 57, ca. 70 miles NW of Mexico City, 2500 m, 26 Aug 1977, Croat 44128 (BM, MO); Chalco, 2400 m, 5 Mar 1971, Ern 515 (B); Texcoco, Cerro Tlaloc, 2300 m, 30 Apr 1974, García M. s.n. (MEXU); Amecameca, 15 Feb 1987, Goodding 2181 (MO); Jilotzingo, 3 km al NW de San Luis Ayucan, 2850 m, 29 Oct 1979, Gómez C. 91 (MEXU); Texcoco, San Pablo Ixyoc, 21 Jun 1981, Hahn 544 (F, MEXU, MO); Ixtapaluca, Pueblo Nuevo, 8 km de Coatepec, 2300 m, 15 Nov 1979, Hernández H. s.n. (MEXU); Temascaltepec, Comunidad, 2480 m, 8 Jun 1932, Hinton 855 (BM, G, K, MA); Temascaltepec, Ocotepec, 1500 m, 6 Dec 1932, Hinton 2879 (BM, F, G, K, MO, US); Temascaltepec, Mesón Vinejo, 2830 m, 2 Jun 1933, Hinton 3998 (BM, F, G, K, US); lava fields ca. 2 km SSW of La Cima, R.R. station on either side of old highway 95, on top of Serjana de Ajuxco. ca. 1km N of the Morelos border, 3050 m, 23 Jan 1963, Iltis & Iltis 1690 (BM, US); Amecameca, Cañada de Cerro Venacho, ca. 6 km al Este de Amecameca, 3000 m, 3 Feb 1978, Koch 784 (F, MO); Amecameca, Dec 1905, Purpus 1735 (BM, F, MO, NY, US); Tenango de Arista, Parque Nacional Nevado de Toluca, cerro contiguo al NW de San Miguel Balderas, 3100 m, 13 Apr 1985, Sandoval Bassó 8 (MEXU); San José de Allende, ejido Cuesta del Carmen, cerca del limite con estado de Michoacan, 2500 m, 2 Apr 1985, Soto N. et al. 7934 (MEXU); Chalco, Tlaxchayote, 2800 m, 13 Jan 1976, Ventura A. 830 (MEXU); Juchitepec, Pedregal de Pulpito, 2800 m, 20 Apr 1977, Ventura A. 1321 (MEXU); Texcoco, San Dieguito, 2400 m, 8 May 1984, Ventura V. 2066 (BH, MEXU); Ocoyoacac, 3 km al NE de La Marquesa, 3200 m, 19 Oct 1980, Zúñiga G. 128 (MEXU); Oaxaca: Paraje “Peña Prieta” (Corral de Piedra), 15 km al norte de la Ciudad de Oaxaca y a 3 km al noroeste del poblado “El Estudiante”, Santa Caterina Ixtepeji, 2700 m, 23 Aug 1997, Acevedo 49 (MEXU); 19 km NE of Hwy 190 on road to Guelatao (Hwy 175), just below La Cumbre, 2480 m, 12 Oct 1983, Anderson 13070 (MO, NY); Teotitlán, 21.2 km W of Teotitlán del Camino, 1940 m, 19 Oct 1985, Bartholomew et al. 3162 (NY); Santiago Juxtlahuaca, El Manzanal, senda para la parcela de Sr. Hemeterio, entrada por Santa Rosa-San Miguel Cuevas, 2060 m, 13 Sep 1996, Calzada 21361 (MEXU); road from Oaxaca to Papaloapan, 9 miles from hwy 190 (hwy 175) to top, 2332 m, 27 Feb 1960, Carlson 3693 (F, US); SE slopes of Cerro San Felipe along Mex. Hwy. 175 to Ixtlán de Juárez, 1.8 km below (S of) road summit at La Cumbre, 24 km by road (at jct. with Hwy. 190) and 14 km by air NE of Oaxaca, 2650 m, 10 Jul 1978, Cochrane et al. 8524 (F, MO); road between Natividad and Talea, 17 km from Natividad, 30 Jun 1983, Costich & Baldwin 1506 (F); Tlalixtac, ca. 3.8 km from la Cumbre on logging road to NW, 2774 m, 1 Aug 1977, Davis 806 (MEXU, MO); between Mitla and Cerro San Felipe, 14 Feb 1966, Ernst 2748 (MEXU, US); Ixtlán, 5 km sobre la brecha La cumbre. Corral de piedra, 2950 m, 31 Jul 1985, García M. et al. 1740 (MO, NY); Zimatlán, Paraje El Campanario, comunidad de San Pedro El Alto, 2540 m, 18 Sep 1998, Guizar Nolazco, et al. 4230 (MEXU); trail leading to Cerro San Felipe, overlooking Oaxaca, 3000 m, 1 Apr 1960, Hale & Soderstrom 20738 (US); Ixtlán, Sierra de Juarez; Ruta 175 entro El Punto y la Cumbre, 2000 m, 20 Apr 1982, Lorence & Cedillo Trigos 4112 (MEXU, MO); Sierra Juarez, Cerro Corral de Piedra, 12-14 km W of La Cumbre at and below TV tower, 2900 m, 24 Jun 1985, Luteyn & Lebrón-Luteyn 11666 (K, MEXU, MO, NY); San Juan Mixtepec, Dto Etla. 8 km al NE de San Gabriel Etla, Reg Valles Centrales, 2100 m, 14 Jul 1985, López Gómez 707 (MEXU); Ixtlán, Atepec, Llano de las Flores, 304 m, 5 Nov 1971, MacDougall H-71 (F, NY); Ixtlán, Sierra Miguel Aloapam, Sierra Norte, Cuatro Pie, 2300 m, 10 Oct 2001, Manzano Sosa 4 (MEXU); Ixtlán, Municipio de Atepec: along highway 175 near Llano de las Flores, 3000 m, 24 Mar 1983, Martin 671 (MEXU, MO, NY, US); Tehuantepec, Jul 1936, Matuda S-94 (US); 18 miles southwest of the city of Oaxaca, 2286 m, 10 Sep 1894, Nelson 1348 (US); high ridge west of san Miguel Huantla, 2134 m, 11 Nov 1894, Nelson 1908 (US); km 23 on road to Guelatao, past La Cumbre, 2347 m, Sep, Oliver et al. 978 (MO); Sierra de San Felipe, 2896 m, 4 Jun 1894, Pringle s.n. (MEXU x2, MO, NY, US); Sierra de San Felipe, 2896 m, 4 Jun 1894, Pringle 4680 (BM, E, G, GOET, K, LE); Sierra de Clavellinas, 2743 m, 16 Oct 1894, Smith 697 (MO, NY x2, US); km 29 1/2 del camino Zaachila-Ata. Inés del Monte, 2640 m, 10 Nov 1978, Solano & Vara 436 (MO); Ixtlán, 26 km, al N de Ixtlán, carretera a Valle Nacional, 24 Apr 1983, Tenorio L. & Lafrankie 3716 (MEXU, NY); San Pedro Nodón, Loma de Enmedio, al SE de San Pedro Nodón. Dto. Cuicatlán, 8 May 1992, Tenorio L. 18325 (MEXU, NY); Mihuatlán, Mun. San Juan Ozolotepec. 70 km al S de Rancho Conejo (San Pedro Mixtepec) y 9.1 km al N de San Juan Ozolotepec, 2860 m, 5 Mar 2000, Torres B. et al. 2022 (MEXU); 14.7 km al N de Diaz Ordaz por la desviacion a Cuajimoloyas, 2520 m, 14 May 1983, Torres C. et al. 2825 (MEXU, MO, NY); Tlacolula, 13.8 km al N de Diaz Ordaz, camino al Cuajimoloyas, 2670 m, 16 Sep 1988, Torres C. & Martínez R. 12394 (F, MO, MEXU); Pochutla, 15 Aug 1966, Ulloa & Hernández M. 247 (MEXU x2); Santiago Laxopa, Distr de Ixtlan, 2000 m, 20 Sep 1986, Vasquez M. & Martin 0080 (MEXU, NY); Sierra Madre de Sur, near top of Cerro Pilon, c. 70 mi. from Oaxaca by road, 2743 m, 20 Jun 1962, Webster et al. 11513 (MEXU); Metlatónoc, Xa’a Tuhuni, al W de Coicoyoan, terreno de Atzompa, 2700 m, 8 Feb 1988, Ávila 178 (MO); Puebla: Chignahuapan, Cerro del Papasco, 26 Mar 1948, Aguirre & Reko 532 (MEXU); Totimehuacan, vicinity of Puebla, 2205 m, 8 Oct 1907, Arsène s.n. (US); Rancho Posada. vicinity of Puebla, 2194 m, 14 Feb 1909, Arsène s.n. (US); Totimehuacán, 2205 m, 8 Apr 1907, Arsène s.n. (MO); Morelia, Cerro Azul, 2300 m, Oct 1909, Arsène s.n. (G); Maulin de Huexatitla, 2155 m, 23 Sep 1906, Arsène 325 (US); base de Loreto, 2170 m, Jun 1908, Arsène 1932 (US); vicinity of Puebla, 2200 m, Nov 1908, Arsène 3534 (BM, MO, NY, US); vicinity of Puebla, derrière les Saléciens, 2170 m, Oct 1908, Arsène 3538 (K, MO, US); along the hwy between Puebla and Cordoba near Orrizaba near km 112, just N of Puebla-Veracruz border, 2480 m, 24 Feb 1983, Miller & Tenorio L.. 692 (BM, MO, NY); Moria, 14 Feb 1909, Nicholas s.n. (G); Tepoxachil, 19 Jul 1908, Nicholas s.n. (G); Huejotzingo, vicinity of Puebla, 2280 m, 4 Nov 1910, Nicolas 5559 (US); Boca del Monte, Mar 1905, Purpus 3010 (F, MO, NY, US); on autopista from Mexico-Puebla, 2470 m, 8 Jul 1993, Seigler et al. 13787 (MEXU); Tetela de Ocampo, Tilapa, 9 km al S de Tetela, 2000 m, 30 Jun 1987, Tenorio L. et al. 13764 (MEXU, NY); Cholula, Tapetzingo camino por el lado N de Santiago, Xalitzintla, 2580 m, 8 Oct 1987, Tlapa A. & Ubierna 772 (MEXU); Tetela de Ocampo, Tilapa, 9 km E de Tetela, 2000 m, 30 Jun 1987, Toriz A. et al. 528 (MEXU); Zacapoaxtla, Tespilco, 1800 m, 23 Apr 1970, Ventura A. 957 (F, MO); Zaragoza, El Molino, 1250 m, 17 Mar 1986, Ventura A. 21852 (MEXU); Zacapoaxtla, 1600 m, 28 Apr 1986, Ventura A. 21919 (MEXU); Querétaro: La Muralla, 2460 m, 6 Jul 1986, Argüelles 2560 (MEXU); Pinal de Amoles, about 1 km al ENE de El Puerto de El Madroño, 2450 m, 19 Dec 1989, Carranza 2264 (MEXU); Amealco, Cerro de Don Nica, Cañada del Venado, al E de San Pablo, 2800 m, 24 Nov 1992, Díaz B. & Carranza 7330 (MEXU); Cadereyta, laderas del Cerro Zamorano, 2400 m, 27 Mar 1985, Fernández N. 2864 (F); San Joaquín, ruinas Las Ranas, 2 km al N de San Joaquin, 2300 m, 25 May 1986, Fernández N. 3312 (NY); Landa, Puerto de los Cajones, 4 km al NE de La Vesca, 1980 m, 22 Nov 1988, González 316 (MEXU); Landa, La Cienega, 3 km al SE de La Florida, 1940 m, 6 Mar 1989, González 424 (MEXU); between San Juan del Río of Hac. Cierva, 19 Aug 1905, Rose et al. 9628 (BM, NY, US); cerca de Huazmazontla, 13 km al NE de Pinal de Amoles, sobre la carretera a Jalpan, 1300 m, 12 Mar 1989, Rzedowski 48405 (MEXU); Cadereyta, 9 km al NE de Vizarron, sobre la carretera a San Joaquin, 2350 m, 11 Mar 1978, Zamudio 2688 (MEXU); San Luis Potosí: 26 miles east of San Luis Potosí, along hiway 86 to Rio Verde, 2439 m, 14 Jul 1963, McGregor et al. 725 (US); Álvarez, 13 Jul 1994, Palmer 195 (F, K, MO, NY, US); San Luis Potosí, 1829 m, 1878, Palmer & Parry 638 (F, F, MO, NY); Alvarez, Sierra de Alvarez, 2200 m, 30 Jul 1934, Pennell 17839 (US); 22 km W of Santa Catarina on highway 86 at km 49, 2200 m, 29 Sep 1965, Roe & Roe 2191 (MEXU, US); Tamaulipas: Hidalgo, 28.1 millas al SO de San Francisco, 1700 m, 28 Dec 1991, Estrada et al. 2382 (NY); roadside between Victoria and Antiguo, 335 m, Jun 1937, Happ 61 (MO); Hidalgo, Puerto Purification, 1695 m, 2 Aug 1994, Hinton 24534 (MEXU); Hidalgo, Paraje de los Caballos, along road from Sta Engracia to Dulces Nombres, 11.7 mi E of Dulces Nombres, 1820 m, 4 Mar 1995, Nesom et al. 7866 (K, MEXU, NY, NY); Tlaxcala: Tlaxco, margenes de Atotonilco, 2400 m, 8 Sep 1992, Ruiz T. 291 (MEXU); Veracruz: Puerto del Aire, Carretera Puerto del Aire, poblado de la laguna, 2320 m, 16 Dec 1977, Calzada 4181 (F); Orizaba, carretera de puebla a Orizaba, 2 km del bordo con Puebla, en una barranca, 2450 m, 1 Jul 1977, Fay & Hernández 00752 (F, US); Coatepec, 8 km al SE del Entronque las Juntas-Coatepec sobre la terraceria Agua Bendita, 2665 m, 9 May 1988, Flores F. & Terpán A. 837 (MEXU); Huayacocotla, Santiago, 2100 m, 22 Feb 1971, Hernández M. & Cedillo T. 1062 (F, MO); Acultzingo, 1 May 1937, Matuda 1113 (K, MO, NY, US); along Mexican hwy 150 at the turnoff to Puente Colorado, hills above Ciudad Mendoza, 2000 m, 3 Jun 1987, Miller & Torres C. 2970 (BM, NY); Ixhuacán, Barranca La Funda, cerca de Los Laureles,al S del Cofre de Perote, 2750 m, 7 Oct 1983, Narave F. & Vázquez B. 1048 (MEXU, NY); Maltrata, 2175 m, 1 May 1983, Nee & Taylor 27037 (F, G, MO, NY); Acultzingo, along hwy Mex. 150, 0.5 km from Edo. Puebla border and 0.8 km SSW of Puerto de Aire, 2250 m, 20 Sep 1986, Nee 33119 (MO, NY); Pastizal arriba de Santiago, 1980 m, 20 Jul 1971, Nevling & Gómez-Pompa 1813 (F, MEXU); Chiconquiaco, 6 km approx al NE de Chiconquiaco, camino a Vaqueria, 2050 m, 23 Apr 1990, Pérez G. & López 432 (MEXU); Huayacocotla, Las Blancas, 2230 m, 29 Sep 1994, Pérez G. 993 (MEXU); Puerto del Aire, on Hwy. 150 just north of Puebla-Veracruz state line, 12 Jun 1973, Sallee ES-80 (MEXU); Córdoba, 6 Aug 1961, Schwabe s.n. (B); Jalapa, 1894, Smith 1788 (F); Huayacocotla, “Capadero”, on the west facing slopes 1-2 km W of Kaolin mines near La Carbonera (Los Jacales), 2200 m, 25 Jan 1984, Taylor & Nee 241 (F, NY); Acultzingo, Sierra Nahuatl de Zongolica, 2400 m, Jul 1994, Weimann CWEI-204 (MEXU); Zacatecas: Pinos, 7 km sobre camino de terraceria, La Pendencia-Pinos, 2200 m, 20 Aug 1977, García M. s.n. (MO).

Taxon Treatment

• Knapp, S; 2013: A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) PhytoKeys, 22: 1-432. doi

Other References

1. ↑ Moat J (2007) Conservation assessment tools extension for ArcView 3.x, version 1.2. GIS Unit, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available at http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/cats
2. ↑ Knapp S (2008b) Typification of Solanum (Solanaceae) species described by Sessé and Mociño. Anales del Jardin Botánico de Madrid 65: 7-23. doi: 10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i1.243
3. ↑ Dunal M (1852) Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13(1): 1–690. V. Masson, Paris.

Images

Figure 74. Solanum pubigerum Dunal. (A–E drawn from Reveal et al. 4230 F–G drawn from de Avila 178). Illustration by Bobbi Angell.  Figure 75. Distribution of Solanumpubigerum Dunal.  Figure 76. Lectotype of Solanum pubigerum Dunal (Dunal 1813: tab. 6). Reproduced with permission of the Natural History Museum Botany Library.  Figure 77. Lectotype of Solanum leptanthum Dunal (Torner Collection plate 6331.0673). Reproduced with permission of the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA. Torner Collection of Sessé and Mociño Biological Illustrations. Rights reserved.