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| | {{Publication to wiki notice | | {{Publication to wiki notice |
| − | | author = Chen, Hua-yan AND van Achterberg, Cornelis AND He, Jun-hua AND Xu, Zai-fu | + | | author = Chen, Hua-Yan AND Hong, Chun-Dan AND van Achterberg, Cornelis AND Pang, Hong |
| − | | author_abbreviated = Chen H AND van Achterberg C AND He J AND Xu Z | + | | author_abbreviated = Chen H AND Hong C AND van Achterberg C AND Pang H |
| − | | year = 2014 | + | | year = 2020 |
| − | | title = A revision of the Chinese Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera, Trigonalyoidea) | + | | title = New species and new records of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera) from Tibet, China |
| | | journal = ZooKeys | | | journal = ZooKeys |
| − | | volume = 385 | + | | volume = 918 |
| − | | pages = 1--207 | + | | pages = 83--98 |
| − | | doi = 10.3897/zookeys.385.6560 | + | | doi = 10.3897/zookeys.918.49729 |
| − | | citationurl = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/6560/citation/ | + | | citationurl = https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=49729&element_type=9 |
| − | | url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/6560/abstract | + | | url = https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=49729 |
| | | publisher = Pensoft Publishers | | | publisher = Pensoft Publishers |
| | | publisherurl = http://www.pensoft.net/ | | | publisherurl = http://www.pensoft.net/ |
| − | }} | + | }} |
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| | | Taxon authority = Schulz, 1905 | | | Taxon authority = Schulz, 1905 |
| | | Taxon status = | | | Taxon status = |
| − | | Nomenclature citation = {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys}}'' Schulz, 1905: 76; Weinstein and Austin 1991<ref name="B65">{{aut|Weinstein P}}, {{aut|Austin A}} (1991) The host relationships of trigonalyid wasps (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae), with a review of their biology and catalogue to world species. Journal of Natural History 25(2): 399–433. doi: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770281 10.1080/00222939100770281]</ref >: 421; Carmean and Kimsey 1998<ref name="B12">{{aut|Carmean D}}, {{aut|Kimsey L}} (1998) Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 23: 35–76. doi: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x 10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x]</ref >: 52; Smith and Tripotin 2012<ref name="B51">{{aut|Smith D}}, {{aut|Tripotin P}} (2012) Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera) of Madagascar. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 24: 1–25. doi: [http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.24.1811 10.3897/JHR.24.1811]</ref >: 3. Type species (by original designation): ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys boliviana}}'' Schulz, 1905.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalos}}'' Schulz, 1907: 8; Marshakov 1981<ref name="B34">{{aut|Marshakov V}} (1981) [Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera) of the USSR fauna]. In: Korotyaev B (Ed) Morfologia i sistematica nasekomykh Dalnego Vostoka [Morphology and Systematics of insects of the Far East]. Nauka, Leningrad 92: 100–107. [in Russian]</ref >: 104; Tsuneki 1991<ref name="B63">{{aut|Tsuneki K}} (1991) Revision of the Trigonalidae of Japan and adjacent territories (Hymenoptera). Special Publications Japan Hymenopterists Association 37: 1-68.</ref >: 19; Weinstein and Austin 1991<ref name="B65">{{aut|Weinstein P}}, {{aut|Austin A}} (1991) The host relationships of trigonalyid wasps (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae), with a review of their biology and catalogue to world species. Journal of Natural History 25(2): 399–433. doi: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770281 10.1080/00222939100770281]</ref >: 421. Unjustified emendation.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name|Satogonalos}}'' Teranishi, 1931: 10; Weinstein and Austin 1991<ref name="B65">{{aut|Weinstein P}}, {{aut|Austin A}} (1991) The host relationships of trigonalyid wasps (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae), with a review of their biology and catalogue to world species. Journal of Natural History 25(2): 399–433. doi: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770281 10.1080/00222939100770281]</ref >: 424; Lelej 1995<ref name="B29">{{aut|Lelej A}} (1995) [Fam. Trigonalidae - Trigonalid wasps]. In: Kupianskaya A Lelej A Storozheva N (Eds) [Key to the insects of Russian Far East] IV(2): 8–14. [in Russian]</ref >: 12. Type species (by original designation): ''{{Taxon name|Satogonalos debilis}}'' (Teranishi, 1929). Synonymized by Tsuneki 1991<ref name="B63">{{aut|Tsuneki K}} (1991) Revision of the Trigonalidae of Japan and adjacent territories (Hymenoptera). Special Publications Japan Hymenopterists Association 37: 1-68.</ref >.}} | + | | Nomenclature citation = {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name| Orthogonalys }}'' Schulz, 1905: 76; Weinstein and Austin 1991<ref name="B25">{{aut|Weinstein P}}, {{aut|Austin A}} (1991) The host relationships of trigonalyid wasps ({{Taxon name|Hymenoptera}}: {{Taxon name|Trigonalyidae}}), with a review of their biology and catalogue to world species.Journal of Natural History25(2): 399–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770281</ref >: 421; Carmean and Kimsey 1998<ref name="B3">{{aut|Carmean D}}, {{aut|Kimsey L}} (1998) Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family {{Taxon name|Trigonalidae}} ({{Taxon name|Hymenoptera}}).Systematic Entomology23: 35–76. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x</ref >: 52; Smith and Tripotin 2012<ref name="B20">{{aut|Smith D}}, {{aut|Tripotin P}} (2012) {{Taxon name|Trigonalidae}} ({{Taxon name|Hymenoptera}}) of Madagascar.Journal of {{Taxon name|Hymenoptera}} Research24: 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.24.1811</ref >: 3; Chen et al. 2014<ref name="B5">{{aut|Chen H}}, {{aut|van Achterberg C}}, {{aut|He J}}, {{aut|Xu Z}} (2014) A revision of the Chinese {{Taxon name|Trigonalyidae}} ({{Taxon name|Hymenoptera}}, {{Taxon name|Trigonalyoidea}}).ZooKeys385: 1–207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.385.6560</ref >: 60–87 (synonymy, diagnosis, key to Chinese species). Type species: {{Taxon name|Orthogonalys boliviana}} Schulz, 1905, by monotypy.}} |
| | | Wikispecies page name = Orthogonalys | | | Wikispecies page name = Orthogonalys |
| | | Pensoft Profile = Orthogonalys | | | Pensoft Profile = Orthogonalys |
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| | ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| − | Body length 3.5–14.1 mm; antenna with 21–32 segments, often with a pale band in apical third of antenna and slender medially (Fig. 158), of male without tyloids (Fig. 199); supra-antennal elevations smooth and shiny, usually comparatively large (Figs 157, 170, 188, 222, 233), without depression dorsally and moderately to widely separated; vertex normal, at most with slight median depression dorsally (Figs 157, 170, 188, 222, 233); apical segment of labial palp widened and obtuse, more or less triangular (Fig. 2); mandibles wide in anterior view and sublaterally attached to head (Fig. 156); occipital carina narrow and smooth but widened and finely crenulate in ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys hagoromonis}}''; mesoscutum and scutellum often smooth or sparsely punctulate (Fig. 174), at most moderately punctate with wide smooth interspaces, but mesoscutum densely sculptured anteriorly in ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys hagoromonis}}''; metanotum concave latero-dorsally and often sculptured, matt and distinctly convex medially (Fig. 161); anterior propodeal sulcus distinctly crenulate (Fig. 174), rarely partly reduced; posterior propodeal carina curved and lamelliform; but reduced in ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys formosana}}'' and ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys hagoromonis}}''; vein 1-SR of fore wing medium-sized to long (Figs 159, 172, 211, 224, 235); fore wing subhyaline (Fig. 224), at most slightly infuscate below pterostigma in female; triangular dorso-apical part of hind trochanter separated by an oblique groove (Fig. 230); fore trochanter subparallel-sided and distinctly longer than hind trochanter; hind tarsus slightly or not modified; second metasomal sternite and tergite flat in lateral view, weakly sclerotized and smooth (Fig. 164); second sternite in ventral view flat medially or weakly convex and no medial elevation or teeth posteriorly; basal half of third sternite flat, without a distinct ledge anteriorly (Fig. 241); fifth sternite of female straight or slightly ''emarginate'' medio-posteriorly (Fig. 241); body often slender (including metasoma) and sometimes ichneumonid-like (Fig. 231).
| + | Antenna with 21–32 segments, often with a pale band in apical third of antenna and slender medially; male antenna without tyloids; supra-antennal elevations smooth and shiny, usually comparatively large, without depression dorsally and moderately to widely separated; vertex normal, at most with slight median depression dorsally; apical segment of labial palp widened and obtuse, more or less triangular; mandibles wide in anterior view and sublaterally attached to head; occipital carina usually narrow and smooth; mesoscutum and scutellum often smooth or sparsely punctulate, at most moderately punctate with wide smooth interspaces; metanotum concave latero-dorsally and often sculptured, matt and distinctly convex medially; anterior propodeal sulcus distinctly crenulate, rarely partly reduced; posterior propodeal carina curved and lamelliform; vein 1-SR of fore wing medium-sized to long; fore wing subhyaline, at most slightly infuscate below pterostigma in female; triangular dorso-apical part of hind trochanter separated by an oblique groove; fore trochanter subparallel-sided and distinctly longer than hind trochanter; hind tarsus slightly or not modified; second metasomal sternite and tergite flat in lateral view, weakly sclerotized and smooth; second sternite in ventral view flat medially or weakly convex and no medial elevation or teeth posteriorly; basal half of third sternite flat, without a distinct ledge anteriorly; fifth sternite of female straight or slightly emarginate medio-posteriorly; body often slender (including metasoma) and sometimes ichneumonid-like (Chen et al. 2014<ref name="B5">{{aut|Chen H}}, {{aut|van Achterberg C}}, {{aut|He J}}, {{aut|Xu Z}} (2014) A revision of the Chinese {{Taxon name|Trigonalyidae}} ({{Taxon name|Hymenoptera}}, {{Taxon name|Trigonalyoidea}}).ZooKeys385: 1–207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.385.6560</ref >). |
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| | ==Biology== | | ==Biology== |
| − | In the New World reared as hyperparasitoid of {{Taxon name|Tachinidae}} in caterpillars (Carmean and Kimsey 1998<ref name="B12">{{aut|Carmean D}}, {{aut|Kimsey L}} (1998) Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 23: 35–76. doi: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x 10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x]</ref >; Murphy et al. 2009<ref name="B35">{{aut|Murphy S}}, {{aut|Lil J}}, {{aut|Smith D}} (2009) A scattershot approach to host location: Uncovering the unique life history of the trigonalid hyperparasitoid ''Orthogonalys pulchella'' (Cresson). American Entomologist 55: 82-87.</ref >).
| + | Reared as hyperparasitoid of {{Taxon name|Tachinidae}} in caterpillars of the family {{Taxon name|Limacodidae}} (Carmean and Kimsey 1998<ref name="B3">{{aut|Carmean D}}, {{aut|Kimsey L}} (1998) Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family {{Taxon name|Trigonalidae}} ({{Taxon name|Hymenoptera}}).Systematic Entomology23: 35–76. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x</ref >; Murphy et al. 2009<ref name="B13">{{aut|Murphy S}}, {{aut|Lill J}}, {{aut|Smith D}} (2009) A scattershot approach to host location: Uncovering the unique life history of the Trigonalid hyperparasitoid ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys pulchella}}'' (Cresson).American Entomologist55(2): 82–87. https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/55.2.82</ref >). Collected in May–August. |
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| − | ==Key to Chinese species of ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys}}'' Schulz, 1905== | + | ==Distribution== |
| − | {{Key Start
| + | Mainly East Palaearctic and Northeast Oriental regions, with a few species in East Afrotropical (including Madagascar), Neotropical and Nearctic regions. Chen et al. (2014)<ref name="B5">{{aut|Chen H}}, {{aut|van Achterberg C}}, {{aut|He J}}, {{aut|Xu Z}} (2014) A revision of the Chinese {{Taxon name|Trigonalyidae}} ({{Taxon name|Hymenoptera}}, {{Taxon name|Trigonalyoidea}}).ZooKeys385: 1–207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.385.6560</ref > and Tan et al. (2017)<ref name="B22">{{aut|Tan J}}, {{aut|van Achterberg C}}, {{aut|Tan Q}}, {{aut|Zhao L}} (2017) New species of {{Taxon name|Trigonalyidae}} ({{Taxon name|Hymenoptera}}) from NW China.ZooKeys698: 17–58. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.698.13366</ref > reported eight species of ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys}}'' from China, with only one species from Tibet. |
| − | | title = Key to Chinese species of ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys}}'' Schulz, 1905
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| − | | creators = H. Chen & C. van Achterberg & J. He & Z. Xu
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| − | {{Lead | 1 | Mesosoma with linear ivory pattern dorsally (at least with row of large ivory patch on scutellum and patch on metanotum; Figs 174, 182, 226, 237); first metasomal tergite of + with brownish or ivory apical transverse band (Figs 163, 184, 228, 239), at most with narrow brown median line; vein 1m-cu of fore wing connected to first submarginal cell (Figs 159, 211, 224, 235); <nowiki>[</nowiki>extension of pale colour pattern of head and mesosoma is very variable<nowiki>]</nowiki>
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| − | | result text = 2}}
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| − | {{Lead | – | Mesosoma without pale pattern dorsally, at most with an ivory patch on mesoscutum medially (Fig. 174); first tergite of + black, largely brownish-white or with a reddish-yellow lateral patch apically (Fig. 176); position of vein 1m-cu of fore wing variable (Fig. 172) | + | |
| − | | result text = 5}}
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| − | {{Lead | 2 | Legs mainly yellowish brown, including apex of hind femur (Figs 155, 218); apical half of first tergite entirely pale yellowish (both sexes; Figs 163, 228) | + | |
| − | | result text = 3}}
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| − | {{Lead | – | Legs mainly black or dark brown (except pale trochanter and trochantellus; Fig. 231), '''if''' sometimes intermediate (Fig. 207) then apex of hind femur dark brown (Fig. 214); apical half of first tergite partly black (Figs 184, 239) | + | |
| − | | result text = 4}}
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| − | {{Lead | 3 | Vertex with large yellow patch medio-posteriorly (Fig. 222); head dorsally and mesoscutum coarsely punctate (Figs 222, 226); posterior half of propodeum obliquely rugose (Fig. 226); spiracle of propodeum distinctly protruding (Fig. 227); outer side of hind coxa (except base) yellowish brown; hind tibia (except basal quarter) and tarsus dark brown; first tergite robust and with median groove (Fig. 228); mesosoma laterally with extensive yellow pattern (Fig. 227) <nowiki>[</nowiki>Note. ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys centrimaculata}}'' Bischoff, 1951, from Vietnam runs here but has head largely smooth dorsally and mesoscutum very finely and densely rugulose or coriaceous, matt, outer side of hind coxa dark brown, hind femur largely blackish, hind tibia and tarsus yellowish brown; mesopleuron and metapleuron black and body about 15 mm<nowiki>]</nowiki>
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| − | | result text = ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys formosana}}'' Teranishi, 1931}}
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| − | {{Lead | – | Vertex black medio-posteriorly (Fig. 157); head dorsally and mesoscutum largely smooth, punctulate (Fig. 157); posterior half of propodeum largely smooth except some transverse rugae (Fig. 161); spiracle of propodeum slightly protruding (Fig. 162); outer side of hind coxa largely dark brown; hind tibia and tarsus yellowish brown; first tergite less robust and without median groove (Fig. 163); mesosoma laterally with limited yellow pattern (Fig. 162) <nowiki>[</nowiki>Note. Close to ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys albomaculata}}'' Bischoff, 1951 from N. India but has propodeum coarsely reticulate, pronotal side crenulate medially, third submarginal cell of fore wing comparatively large and propodeum of > with large ivory patch<nowiki>]</nowiki>.
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| − | | result text = ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys cheni}}'' sp. n.}}
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| − | {{Lead | 4 | Posterior half of propodeum coarsely transversely rugose (Fig. 237); fifth and sixth metasomal tergites more or less ivory medio-apically (Fig. 239); comparatively robust species (Fig. 231); <nowiki>[</nowiki>medially third sternite 0.6–0.7 times as long as second sternite (Fig. 241); mesoscutum very densely to rather sparsely sculptured, as striations of supra-antennal elevations; face and temple usually with small pale patches, but sometimes entirely absent<nowiki>]</nowiki>
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| − | | result text = ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys robusta}}'' sp. n.}}
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| − | {{Lead | – | Posterior half of propodeum largely smooth (Fig. 182); fifth and sixth tergites dark brown or black medio-apically (Figs 181, 193); slender species (Figs 181, 186, 196, 207); medially third sternite 0.8–1.0 times as long as second sternite (Figs 185, 194, 206, 217), rarely less; <nowiki>[</nowiki>first tergite with pair of pale spots (+) or black (>); medially third sternite 0.6–1.0 times as long as second sternite and apical half of mandible reddish brown in Japanese specimens, and 0.6–0.7 times and apical half mainly ivory in Chinese specimens<nowiki>]</nowiki> | + | |
| − | | result text = ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys elongata}}'' Teranishi, 1929}}
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| − | {{Lead | 5 | Third submarginal cell about 0.3 times as long as second submarginal cell; antenna with a pale brown band subapically (13th–15th segments); <nowiki>[</nowiki>scutellum shiny and sparsely punctate; vein 1m-cu of fore wing connected to second submarginal cell; only >; Japan<nowiki>]</nowiki> | + | |
| − | | result text = ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys fukuiensis}}'' (Tsuneki, 1991)}}
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| − | {{Lead | – | Third submarginal cell 0.4–0.5 times as long as second submarginal cell; antenna without a pale band; <nowiki>[</nowiki>area besides and behind lateral ocellus smooth; mandible largely ivory; anterior 0.7 of first metasomal tergite and anterior 0.2 of second tergite nearly black; fore femur orange-brown or brownish-yellow; pterostigma brown<nowiki>]</nowiki> | + | |
| − | | result text = ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys clypeata}}'' sp. n.}}
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| − | {{Key End}}
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| | ==Taxon Treatment== | | ==Taxon Treatment== |
| − | *{{aut|Chen, H}}; {{aut|van Achterberg, C}}; {{aut|He, J}}; {{aut|Xu, Z}}; 2014: A revision of the Chinese Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera, Trigonalyoidea) [http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/ ''ZooKeys'',] '''385''': 1-207. {{doi|10.3897/zookeys.385.6560}} | + | *{{aut|Chen, H}}; {{aut|Hong, C}}; {{aut|van Achterberg, C}}; {{aut|Pang, H}}; 2020: New species and new records of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera) from Tibet, China [https://zookeys.pensoft.net/ ''ZooKeys'',] '''918''': 83-98. {{doi|10.3897/zookeys.918.49729}} |
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| | ==Other References== | | ==Other References== |
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| | <references /> | | <references /> |
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| − | ==Images==
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| − | {{Gallery | lines=5 | width=250
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| − | |1= File:ZooKeys-385-001-g002.jpg|2= '''Figures 2–5.''' {{Taxon name|Trigonalyidae}} '''2''' ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys cheni}}'' sp. n., head posterior '''3''' ''{{Taxon name|Taeniogonalos rufofasciata}}'' (Chen, 1949), propodeal spiracle '''4''' ''{{Taxon name|Bakeronymus seidakka}}'' Yamane & Terayama, 1983, hind trochanter and trochantellus '''5''' ''{{Taxon name|Taeniogonalos fasciata}}'' (Strand, 1913), hind tarsus.
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| − | |3= File:ZooKeys-385-001-g031.jpg|4= '''Figures 155–157.''' ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys cheni}}'' sp. n., holotype, female. '''155''' Habitus lateral '''156''' head anterior '''157''' head dorsal.
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| − | |5= File:ZooKeys-385-001-g032.jpg|6= '''Figures 158–165.''' ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys cheni}}'' sp. n., holotype, female. '''158''' Antennae '''159''' fore and hind wings '''160''' head lateral '''161''' mesosoma dorsal '''162''' mesosoma lateral '''163''' metasoma dorsal '''164''' metasoma lateral '''165''' metasoma ventral.
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| − | |7= File:ZooKeys-385-001-g033.jpg|8= '''Figures 166–167.''' ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys cheni}}'' sp. n., paratype, male from Zhejiang. '''166''' Habitus lateral '''167''' metasoma lateral.
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| − | |9= File:ZooKeys-385-001-g034.jpg|10= '''Figures 168–170.''' ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys clypeata}}'' sp. n., holotype, female. '''168''' Habitus lateral '''169''' head anterior '''170''' head dorsal.
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| − | |11= File:ZooKeys-385-001-g035.jpg|12= '''Figures 171–178.''' ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys clypeata}}'' sp. n., holotype, female. '''171''' Antenna '''172''' fore wing '''173''' head lateral '''174''' mesosoma dorsal '''175''' mesosoma lateral '''176''' metasoma dorsal '''177''' metasoma lateral '''178''' metasoma ventral.
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| − | |13= File:ZooKeys-385-001-g036.jpg|14= '''Figures 179–180.''' ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys clypeata}}'' sp. n., paratype, male. '''179''' Habitus lateral '''180''' metasoma lateral.
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| − | |15= File:ZooKeys-385-001-g037.jpg|16= '''Figures 181–185.''' ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys elongata}}'' Teranishi, 1929, holotype, female. '''181''' Habitus lateral (without head) '''182''' mesosoma dorsal '''183''' mesosoma lateral '''184''' metasoma dorsal '''185''' metasoma ventral.
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| − | |17= File:ZooKeys-385-001-g038.jpg|18= '''Figures 186–188.''' ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalos debilis}}'' Teranishi, 1929, holotype, female. '''186''' Habitus lateral '''187''' head anterior '''188''' head dorsal.
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| − | |19= File:ZooKeys-385-001-g039.jpg|20= '''Figures 189–195.''' ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalos debilis}}'' Teranishi, 1929, holotype, female. '''189''' Head lateral '''190''' mesosoma dorsal '''191''' mesosoma lateral '''192''' metasoma dorsal '''193''' metasoma lateral '''194''' metasoma ventral '''195''' fore wing.
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| − | |21= File:ZooKeys-385-001-g040.jpg|22= '''Figures 196–198.''' ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalos hirasana}}'' Teranishi, 1929, holotype, male. '''196''' Habitus lateral '''197''' head anterior '''198''' head dorsal.
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| − | |23= File:ZooKeys-385-001-g041.jpg|24= '''Figures 199–206.''' ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalos hirasana}}'' Teranishi, 1929, holotype, male. '''199''' Antenna '''200''' fore wing '''201''' head lateral '''202''' mesosoma dorsal '''203''' mesosoma lateral '''204''' metasoma dorsal '''205''' metasoma lateral '''206''' metasoma ventral.
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| − | |25= File:ZooKeys-385-001-g042.jpg|26= '''Figures 207–209.''' ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys elongata}}'' Teranishi, 1929, female from Sichuan. '''207''' Habitus lateral '''208''' head anterior '''209''' head dorsal.
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| − | |27= File:ZooKeys-385-001-g043.jpg|28= '''Figures 210–217.''' ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys elongata}}'' Teranishi, 1929, female from Sichuan. '''210''' Antenna '''211''' fore and hind wings '''212''' head lateral '''213''' mesosoma dorsal '''214''' mesosoma lateral '''215''' metasoma dorsal '''216''' metasoma lateral '''217''' metasoma ventral.
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| − | |29= File:ZooKeys-385-001-g044.jpg|30= '''Figures 218–219.''' ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys elongata}}'' Teranishi, 1929, male from Henan. '''218''' Habitus lateral '''219''' metasoma lateral.
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| − | |31= File:ZooKeys-385-001-g045.jpg|32= '''Figures 220–222.''' ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys formosana}}'' Teranishi, 1931, holotype, female. '''220''' Habitus lateral '''221''' head anterior '''222''' head dorsal.
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| − | |33= File:ZooKeys-385-001-g046.jpg|34= '''Figures 223–230.''' ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys formosana}}'' Teranishi, 1931, holotype, female. '''223''' Antenna '''224''' fore wing '''225''' head lateral '''226''' mesosoma dorsal '''227''' mesosoma lateral '''228''' metasoma dorsal '''229''' metasoma lateral '''230''' hind leg.
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| − | |35= File:ZooKeys-385-001-g047.jpg|36= '''Figures 231–233.''' ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys robusta}}'' sp. n., holotype, female. '''231''' Habitus lateral '''232''' head anterior '''233''' head dorsal.
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| − | |37= File:ZooKeys-385-001-g048.jpg|38= '''Figures 234–241.''' ''{{Taxon name|Orthogonalys robusta}}'' sp. n., holotype, female. '''234''' Antenna '''235''' fore and hind wings '''236''' head lateral '''237''' mesosoma dorsal '''238''' mesosoma lateral '''239''' metasoma dorsal '''240''' metasoma lateral '''241''' metasoma ventral.
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Antenna with 21–32 segments, often with a pale band in apical third of antenna and slender medially; male antenna without tyloids; supra-antennal elevations smooth and shiny, usually comparatively large, without depression dorsally and moderately to widely separated; vertex normal, at most with slight median depression dorsally; apical segment of labial palp widened and obtuse, more or less triangular; mandibles wide in anterior view and sublaterally attached to head; occipital carina usually narrow and smooth; mesoscutum and scutellum often smooth or sparsely punctulate, at most moderately punctate with wide smooth interspaces; metanotum concave latero-dorsally and often sculptured, matt and distinctly convex medially; anterior propodeal sulcus distinctly crenulate, rarely partly reduced; posterior propodeal carina curved and lamelliform; vein 1-SR of fore wing medium-sized to long; fore wing subhyaline, at most slightly infuscate below pterostigma in female; triangular dorso-apical part of hind trochanter separated by an oblique groove; fore trochanter subparallel-sided and distinctly longer than hind trochanter; hind tarsus slightly or not modified; second metasomal sternite and tergite flat in lateral view, weakly sclerotized and smooth; second sternite in ventral view flat medially or weakly convex and no medial elevation or teeth posteriorly; basal half of third sternite flat, without a distinct ledge anteriorly; fifth sternite of female straight or slightly emarginate medio-posteriorly; body often slender (including metasoma) and sometimes ichneumonid-like (Chen et al. 2014[4]).
Mainly East Palaearctic and Northeast Oriental regions, with a few species in East Afrotropical (including Madagascar), Neotropical and Nearctic regions. Chen et al. (2014)[4] and Tan et al. (2017)[6] reported eight species of Orthogonalys from China, with only one species from Tibet.
