Difference between revisions of "Chthonius (Gardini, Giulio 2013)"

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(Chthonius (Gardini, Giulio 2013))
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  | journal = Zootaxa
 
  | journal = Zootaxa
 
  | volume = 3655
 
  | volume = 3655
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  | pages = 130 -- 136
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  | pages = 140 -- 142
 
  | doi = TODO
 
  | doi = TODO
 
  | citationurl =  
 
  | citationurl =  
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  | Familia = Chthoniidae
 
  | Familia = Chthoniidae
 
  | Genus = Chthonius
 
  | Genus = Chthonius
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  | Specific name = austriacus
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  | Specific name = zoiai
 
  | Infraspecific name =  
 
  | Infraspecific name =  
 
  | Taxon rank = genus
 
  | Taxon rank = genus
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  | Taxon authority = Beier 1953c: 105
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  | Taxon authority = Gardini 1990: 248
 
  | Taxon status =  
 
  | Taxon status =  
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  | Nomenclature citation = {{Nomenclature citation| ''{{Taxon name|Chthonius austriacus}}'' Gardini, Giulio, 2013, Zootaxa 3655: 130-136.}}  
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  | Nomenclature citation = {{Nomenclature citation| ''{{Taxon name|Chthonius zoiai}}'' Gardini, Giulio, 2013, Zootaxa 3655: 140-142.}}  
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  | Wikispecies page name = Chthonius_austriacus
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  | Wikispecies page name = Chthonius_zoiai
 
  | ZooBank ID =  
 
  | ZooBank ID =  
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  | Pensoft Profile = Chthonius_austriacus
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  | Pensoft Profile = Chthonius_zoiai
 
}}
 
}}
  
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{{Section|class=description|heading = Description|content={{Taxon name|Chthonius|''Chthonius''}} sp. gr. {{Taxon name|Chthonius elbanus|''elbanus''}}: Callaini 1984: 135, figs IIIA–E.}}
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{{Section|class=materials_examined|heading = Materials Examined|content=[[Type]] locality:[[Italy]], Liguria, La Spezia Prov., La Spezia, Grotta della Taglia 79 Li/SP (44 °06ʹ0 3 ʺN 9 ° 47 ʹ 30 ʺE).}}
  
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{{Section|class=materials_examined|heading = Materials Examined|content=[[Type]] locality:[[Italy]], Liguria, Genoa Prov., Quinto al Mare, Mt Moro (44 ° 23 ʹ 22 ʺN 9 °01ʹ 10 ʺE).}}
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{{Section|class=distribution|heading = Distribution|content=Distribution.[[Italy]]: Liguria.}}
  
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{{Section|class=distribution|heading = Distribution|content=Distribution.[[France]]: Alpes Maritimes, [[Corsica]]; [[Italy]]: from Piedmont to Campania.}}
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{{Section|class=diagnosis|heading = Diagnosis|content=Diagnosis (Ƥ). An anophthalmic hypogean {{Taxon name|Chthonius|''Chthonius''}} ({{Taxon name|Ephippiochthonius|''Ephippiochthonius''}}) from eastern Liguria that differs from other species of the {{Taxon name|Chthonius fuscimanus|''C. fuscimanus''}} group in the following combination of characters: movable cheliceral finger with isolated subapical tooth (di) at level with the spinneret and a median prominent group of 5 subequal teeth; chelal hand (in lateral view) without a rounded hump distad of trichobothria ib-isb, weakly depressed proximally ib-isb, without hollow just before the base of the movable chelal finger; fixed chelal finger at level of est-it with 4 teeth occupying 0.1 mm (distance between successive apices 0.031–0.035 mm); length of chela 0.75– 1.06 (3), 0.92–1.07 (Ƥ) mm, length of movable chelal finger 0.45–0.63 (3), 0.54–0.62 (Ƥ) mm; chela 6.4–6.5 (3), 5.8–6.6 (Ƥ) times as long as deep; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.4–1.7 (3 Ƥ).}}
  
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{{Section|class=diagnosis|heading = Diagnosis|content=Diagnosis (Ƥ). An eyed epigean {{Taxon name|Chthonius|''Chthonius''}} ({{Taxon name|Ephippiochthonius|''Ephippiochthonius''}}) that differs from other species of the {{Taxon name|Chthonius fuscimanus|''C. fuscimanus''}} group in the following combination of characters: movable cheliceral finger with isolated subapical tooth (di) and with spinneret in both sexes; chelal hand (in lateral view) without a rounded hump distad of trichobothria ib-isb, with abrupt slope between trichobothria ib-isb and eb-esb-ist (giving hand a square profile), without ventral hollow just before the base of movable finger; fixed and movable chelal finger respectively with 11–12 and 5–8 triangular teeth, fixed chelal finger at level of est-it with 5 teeth occupying 0.1 mm (distance between successive apices 0.020 mm); proximal half of movable chelal finger with straight, thick marginal lamina; length of chela 0.435–0.54 (3), 0.47–0.60 (Ƥ) mm, length of movable chelal fingers 0.25–0.31 (3), 0.265–0.34 (Ƥ) mm; chela 4.6–5.4 (3), 4.1–4.7 (Ƥ) times as long as deep; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.1–1.2 (3 Ƥ).}}
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{{Section|class=materials_examined|heading = Materials Examined|content=[[Type]] material examined.[[ITALY]] —Liguria: La Spezia Prov.—1 3 1 T ([[paratype|paratypes]]), La Spezia, Vallone di Biassa, Grotta della Taglia 79 Li/SP, 160 m a.s.l., 9.IX. 1979, A. & L. Briganti & S. Zoia leg.; 1 3 ([[holotype]]) 1 Ƥ ([[paratype]]), id., 21.II. 1982, G. M. Schiaffino & S. Zoia leg.; 1 Ƥ ([[paratype]]), “ {{Taxon name|Chthonius|''Chthonius''}} Gestroi E. S.[[typu|typus]]!” “Bocca Lupara 12.II. [18] 96. [R.] Gestro”, [La Spezia, Grotta di Bocca Lupara 74 Li/SP] (MSNG).
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Other material examined. ITALY— Liguria: Genoa Prov.—1 3 1 Ƥ, Castiglione Chiavarese, San Pietro Frascarese, Grotta da Prima Ciappa superiore 976 Li/GE, 420 m a.s.l., 21.XII. 1975, L. Briganti, L. A. Cassulo & S. Zoia leg.; 1 Ƥ, id., 24.X. 1976, L. A. Cassulo & S. Zoia leg.; 1 3 1 Ƥ, id., 6.XI. 1977, L. Briganti, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg. Liguria: La Spezia Prov. – 1 Ƥ, Lerici, Grotta dei Branzi 468 Li/SP, 350 m a.s.l., 14.II. 1982, S. Durante & S. Zoia leg.; 1 3, Maissana, Tann-a de Strie (= Tann-a de Liciorno) 147 Li/SP, 880 m a.s.l., 29.IV. 1982, S. Zoia leg.}}
  
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{{Section|class=materials_examined|heading = Materials Examined|content=[[Type]] material. ITALY— Liguria: Genoa Prov.—1 3 ([[holotype]]), Genoa, Quinto al Mare, slope of Monte Moro (44 ° 23 ʹ 22 ʺN 9 °01ʹ 10 ʺE), 150 m a.s.l., 30.III. 2003, G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus pubescens|''Quercus pubescens''}} wood (deposited in MHNG). All the following are [[paratype|paratypes]]:
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{{Section|class=description|heading = Description|content=Description of adults (Ƥ). Troglomorphic facies, integument depigmented; hispid granulation on lateral surfaces of carapace and on cheliceral palm. Carapace 1.05–1.1 times longer than broad, slightly constricted posteriorly; anterior margin (fig. 270) between median macrosetae with sharp denticles, rarely weakly prominent with larger denticles, but always without epistome; no eyes or eye-spots (fig. 271); chaetotaxy 4: 6: 4: 2: 2 (18), macrosetae thin; 0 or 2 preocular microsetae on each side; length of anteromedian macrosetae 0.11–0.13 mm. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X 4: 4: 4: 4: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 4, tergite I rarely with 2 or 3 setae. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X 9– 10:(3) 9–10 (3):(2) 7–8 (2): 8–9: 6–9: 6–7: 6: 6: 7; genital opening of males flanked by 6–7 setae on each side (4 + 5 setae in male from Maissana: Tann-a de Strie). Chelicerae (figs 272–273) 2.2–2.4 times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae and 2 microsetae laterally; fixed finger with 7–8 subequal teeth and 4–5 proximal microtubercles; distal half of movable finger with a group of 5 prominent teeth and with an isolated subapical tooth (di) at level of spinneret; gl ratio 0.52–0.60; spinneret weakly raised in males, prominent and rounded apically in females; rallum with 11 blades. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3–4 + 3 marginal microsetae, II 4, III 5, IV 6; coxa II with 10–12 coxal spines, coxa III with 4–6 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 7.05–7.2 (3), 6.4–7.7 (Ƥ) times as long as broad; chela (fig. 274–275) 6.4–6.5 (3), 5.8–6.6 (Ƥ) times as long as deep; hand of chela 2.6–2.7 (3), 2.4–2.8 (Ƥ) times as long as deep, with a weak depression proximad of trichobothria ib-isb; fixed chelal finger with 13–15 triangular, pointed teeth (except proximal one rounded apically) with dental canals; base of finger with 5–10 microtubercles; tip of finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on antiaxial face; fixed chelal finger at level of est-it with 4 teeth occupying 0.1 mm (distance between successive apices 0.031– 0.035 mm); distal half of movable chelal finger with 8–10 triangular, pointed teeth (the proximal one sometimes reduced, widely rounded) with dental canals; proximal half of finger, staring distad of sb, with straight, thick marginal lamina, rarely irregularly undulated; coupled sensilla pc variably placed between sb and halfway between b and sb; trichobothria as in fig. 275; basal apodeme of movable finger strongly sclerotized, long, rectangular; trichobothria eb-esb-ist mostly placed in a straight line, rarely ist a little proximad of line eb-esb; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.3–1.5 (3 Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.2–1.25 (3 Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.4–1.7 (3 Ƥ).
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FRANCE— Alpes Maritimes—1 Ƥ, Lantosque, 9.X. 1984, R. Rizzerio & S. Zoia leg.; 1 3 1 Ƥ, Nice, SE Contes, 250 m a.s.l., 7.II. 1984, C. Torti & S. Zoia leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 1 3 2 Ƥ, near Nice, 13.XI. 1983, S. Zoia leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 1 3 2 Ƥ, Vence, NE Col de Vence, 800 m a.s.l., 28.IV. 2003, S. & F. Zoia leg. Corsica—1 3 1 Ƥ, near Lano, SW slope Monte San Petrone, 26.V. 1982, A. Torchia & S. Zoia leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood on limestone.
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ITALY— Piedmont: Alessandria Prov.—2 Ƥ, Montaldeo, 280 m a.s.l., 15.III. 1984, C. Torti & S. Zoia leg., sieved in {{Taxon name|Robinia|''Robinia''}} scrub; 1 3, San Sebastiano Curone, 1.V. 1980, C. Torti leg. Piedmont: Cuneo Prov.—2 3 1 Ƥ, Cherasco, Rio Crosio, 240 m a.s.l., 24.I. 1993, G. B. Delmastro leg.; 1 Ƥ, Clavesana, San Martino, 420 m a.s.l., 12.VI. 1992, G. B. Delmastro leg.; 1 3, Sommariva Perno, Bric Ridone, 240 m a.s.l., 27.IV. 1993, G. B. Delmastro leg. Liguria: Genoa Prov.—1 3 2 Ƥ, Arenzano, 8.III. 1992, G. Gardini leg.; 2 3, id., Pineta di Arenzano, 22.VI. 1986, G. Gardini leg.; 2 3 8 Ƥ, Avegno, 21.I. 1983, S. Vit leg., rotten stump of {{Taxon name|Castanea|''Castanea''}} (MHNG); 4 3 2 Ƥ 3 T, Bogliasco, San Bernardo, 100 m a.s.l., 20.VI. 2007, S. Costa leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus pubescens|''Quercus pubescens''}} mixed wood; 1 Ƥ, Camogli, Monte di Portofino, 24.IV. 1972, R. Poggi leg., sieved; 1 Ƥ, id., 22.IX. 1972, G. Bartoli leg.; 6 Ƥ, id., 15.II. 1976, G. Gardini & R. Poggi leg., sieved in {{Taxon name|Ostrya carpinifolia|''Ostrya carpinifolia''}} wood; 1 3, id., 9.I. 1977, G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 1 3, id., E slope Monte Tocco, 440 m a.s.l., 5.XI. 1998, G. Gardini leg., under {{Taxon name|Calicotome|''Calicotome''}} and {{Taxon name|Euphorbia spinosa|''Euphorbia spinosa''}}; 1 3 1 Ƥ, id., W slope Monte di Ruta, 310 m a.s.l., 5.XI. 1998, G. Gardini leg.; 1 3 2 Ƥ, id., Portofino Vetta, 300 m a.s.l., 24.I. 1982, C. Giusto leg.; 2 3 ({{Taxon name|Chthonius elbanus|''C. elbanus''}}, det. Beier), id., Ruta, 24.IV. 1972, G. Gardini leg.; 6 3 7 Ƥ, id., Ruta, 8.V. 1972, G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 7 Ƥ, id., 260 m a.s.l., 13.XII. 1981, C. Giusto leg.; 2 3 3 Ƥ, id., San Rocco Sud, 21.I. 1983, S. Vit leg., under fern (MHNG); 3 3, id., San Rocco Sud, 21.I. 1983, S. Vit leg., leaf litter {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} (MHNG); 1 3, id., 21.I. 1983, S. Vit leg., rotten stump of {{Taxon name|Laurus|''Laurus''}} (MHNG); 2 Ƥ, id., 21.I. 1983, S. Vit leg., leaf litter {{Taxon name|Pinus|''Pinus''}} (MHNG); 1 Ƥ, id., 2.I. 1984, S. Vit leg., under {{Taxon name|Olea|''Olea''}} (MHNG); 6 3 2 Ƥ, id., San Rocco Nord, 21.I. 1983, S. Vit leg., under fern (MHNG); 1 Ƥ, Carasco, Terrarossa, 23.IX. 1985, R. Rizzerio & S. Zoia leg. (together with 1 Ƥ of {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}); 1 Ƥ, “ {{Taxon name|Chthonius austriacus subsp. nanus|''Chthonius austriacus nanus''}} n. ssp., det. Beier, [[Typen]]!” “ 4. Tann-a da Reixe N. 132 Li 7.7. 48, Carsi (M. Antola) pr. Genova, M. Franciscolo” [Torriglia, Carsi, Tann-a da Reixe 132 Li/GE] (MSNG); 3 3 1 Ƥ 2 T (1 3: {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}, det. Beier), id., Carsi, Tann-a da Reixe 132 Li/GE, 14.VII. 1973, G. Gardini leg.; 2 3 1 Ƥ, Chiavari, Madonna delle Grazie, 16.V. 2005, L. Galli & F. Phytilis leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood (together with 1 3 of {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}); 4 3 1 Ƥ 1 T, id., 80 m a.s.l., 24.X. 2009, L. Galli & G. Torrisi leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 1 3, id., slope of Monte Cucco, 260 m a.s.l., 21.II. 1994, S. Zoia leg. (together with 6 3 10 Ƥ 1 T of {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}); 1 3, id., SW slope Monte Cucco, 270 m a.s.l., 21.II. 1994, S. Zoia leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 4 3 9 Ƥ, Fontanigorda, Monte Collere, 1100 m a.s.l., 5.VII. 1982, C. Torti & S. Zoia leg., {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood; 1 Ƥ, Genova, Bavari, 26.X. 1983, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg.; 1 3 1 Ƥ, id., Molassana, 28.III. 1976, G. Gardini leg., sieved under {{Taxon name|Thymus|''Thymus''}}; 1 3, id., Molassana, Prato Casarile, 28.VIII. 1973, R. Poggi leg.; 1 3, id., Monte Fasce, 30.I. 1976, G. Gardini leg., sieved in {{Taxon name|Castanea sativa|''Castanea sativa''}} wood; 30 3 34 Ƥ, id., Monte Fasce S slope, 600 m a.s.l., 2.I. 1984, S. Vit leg., leaf litter {{Taxon name|Quercus|''Quercus''}} (MHNG); 1 3 4 Ƥ 1 T, id., Monte Fasce, Calcinara, 4.VIII. 1984, S. Vit leg., under {{Taxon name|Corylus|''Corylus''}} (MHNG); 1 3, Nervi, Sant’Ilario: Istituto Marsano, 30.X. 2009, A. Comenale & G. Gardini leg., hollow in {{Taxon name|Olea|''Olea''}}; 2 3, id., Nostra Signora del Monte, 10 / 17.I. 1971, R. Poggi leg., sieved; 2 3 1 Ƥ, id., Pino Soprano, 18.VIII. 1973, R. Poggi leg. (together with 1 Ƥ of {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}); 1 Ƥ, id., Premanico, 17.XII. 1972, G. Bartoli leg., sieved; 2 3 1 Ƥ, id., near Quezzi, 11.III. 1984, G. Gardini leg.; 1 3 3 Ƥ, id., Quinto, Monte Fasce E slope, 400 m a.s.l., 18.V. 2001, G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Ostrya carpinifolia|''Ostrya carpinifolia''}} wood; 5 3 13 Ƥ, id., 1.V. 2010, G. Gardini & C. Giusto leg., {{Taxon name|Ostrya carpinifolia|''Ostrya carpinifolia''}} wood; 1 Ƥ, id., Monte Moro S slope, 300 m a.s.l., 23.IV. 2000, G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus pubescens|''Quercus pubescens''}} wood; 1 Ƥ, id., Monte Moro W slope, 200 m a.s.l., 20.III. 2002, G. Gardini leg., olive grove; 6 3 6 Ƥ 1 T, id., Monte Moro SW slope, 150 m a.s.l., 20.II. 2003, G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus|''Quercus''}} and {{Taxon name|Castanea|''Castanea''}} (NMW); 8 3 5 Ƥ 3 T, id., slope of Monte Moro, 150 m a.s.l., 30.III. 2003, G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus pubescens|''Quercus pubescens''}} wood; 1 Ƥ, id., Monte Moro W slope, 150 m a.s.l., 25.I. 2004, G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus pubescens|''Quercus pubescens''}} wood (together with 1 Ƥ of {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}); 2 3, id., Monte Moro S slope, 100 m a.s.l., 29.II. 2004, G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus pubescens|''Quercus pubescens''}} wood; 4 Ƥ 1 T, id., Monte Moro W slope, 200 m a.s.l., 10.XI. 2006, G. Gardini leg., under {{Taxon name|Pistacia|''Pistacia''}}; 13 3 4 Ƥ, id., slope of Monte Moro, 100 m a.s.l., 15.II. 2008, G. Gardini leg.; 2 3 1 T, id., Monte Moro S slope, 50 m a.s.l., 27.X. 2008, G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus pubescens|''Quercus pubescens''}} wood; 1 3, id., Monte Moro SW slope, 150 m a.s.l., 3.IV. 2009, G. Gardini leg., sieved under {{Taxon name|Castanea|''Castanea''}}; 1 3, id., Monte Moro W slope along Rio San Pietro, 60 m a.s.l., 2.V. 2009, G. Gardini leg., soil, base of {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}}; 1 Ƥ, id., 9.V. 2009; 1 3 1 Ƥ, id., Monte Moro W slope, 60 m a.s.l., 16.V. 2009, G. Gardini leg., base of {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}}; 2 3 3 Ƥ, id., Monte Moro W slope along Rio San Pietro, 60 m a.s.l., 16.V. 2009, G. Gardini leg., base of {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}}; 2 3 1 Ƥ, id., Monte Moro W slope, 150 m a.s.l., 18.V. 2009, G. Gardini leg., base of {{Taxon name|Castanea|''Castanea''}}; 3 3 1 Ƥ 1 T, id., 50 m a.s.l., 29.IX. 2009, G. Gardini & A. Schönhofer leg.; 1 3 2 Ƥ 1 T, id., Monte Moro E slope, 300 m a.s.l., 14.X. 2009, G. Gardini leg., hollow in {{Taxon name|Olea|''Olea''}}; 3 3 2 Ƥ, id., Monte Moro W slope, 220 m a.s.l., 21.V. 2010, G. Gardini leg., base of {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}}; 1 Ƥ, id., Rio San Pietro, 70 m a.s.l., 18.X. 2009, G. Gardini, hollow in {{Taxon name|Olea|''Olea''}}; 1 3, id., Rio San Pietro, 50 m a.s.l., 11.XII. 2009, G. Gardini leg., hollow in {{Taxon name|Olea|''Olea''}}; 2 3 3 Ƥ, id., Sturla, Valle Sturla, 2.I. 1984, S. Vit leg., base of {{Taxon name|Olea|''Olea''}} and roots of {{Taxon name|Rubus|''Rubus''}} (MHNG); 2 3 6 Ƥ, Genova, Sant’Eusebio, 4.X. 1975, G. Bartoli leg.; 2 3 3 Ƥ, Genova, Villetta Di Negro, 12.II. 1973, G. Bartoli & G. Gardini leg., sieved; 1 Ƥ, Gorreto, Passo della Maddalena on E slope of Monte Carmo, 1400 m s.l.m, 11.IX. 1980, S. Zoia leg.; 1 3 2 Ƥ, [[Isola]] del Cantone, 27.V. 1973, G. Gardini leg.; 1 Ƥ, Lavagna, 20.IV. 1975, S. Zoia leg., {{Taxon name|Castanea sativa|''Castanea sativa''}} wood; 3 3 2 Ƥ, Mezzanego, Monte Vailera SW slope, 990 m a.s.l., 26.IV. 2007, M. Bodon leg., {{Taxon name|Pinus pinaster|''Pinus pinaster''}} wood; 1 Ƥ, Montoggio, Creto, Gola dell’Alpesisa, 25.IV. 1972, G. Gardini leg. (together with 1 3 4 Ƥ of {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}); 1 Ƥ, id., 15.V. 1972 (together with 1 Ƥ of {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}); 1 Ƥ, id., 25.V. 1972, R. Poggi leg., sieved (together with 2 Ƥ of {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}); 2 3 3 Ƥ, id., 23.VII. 1973, R. Poggi leg. (together with 2 3 of {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}); 2 3, Ne, 11.II. 1974, S. Zoia leg., sieved in {{Taxon name|Castanea sativa|''Castanea sativa''}} wood (together with 2 Ƥ of {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}); 5 3 7 Ƥ, id., Piandifieno, 11.II. 1976, L. Briganti & G. Gardini leg., sieved in {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 9 3 12 Ƥ, id., 19.III. 1976, L. Briganti & S. Zoia leg., sieved in {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood (together with 3 Ƥ of {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}); 3 3 10 Ƥ, Ognio di Neirone, 30.IV. 1972, G. Gardini leg. (together with 4 3 of {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}); 2 3 1 Ƥ ({{Taxon name|Chthonius parmensis|''C. parmensis''}}, det. Beier), Portofino, 22.V. 1972, G. Bartoli leg.; 5 3 8 Ƥ 1 T, Rapallo, Montallegro, 3.IX. 1973, R. Poggi leg., sieved in {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 1 Ƥ, id., Monte Manico del Lume, 700 m a.s.l., 1.XII. 1974, L. Briganti leg., sieved in {{Taxon name|Alnus glutinosa|''Alnus glutinosa''}} wood; 1 Ƥ, id., Monte Manico del Lume N slope, 14.III. 1982, G. Gardini leg. (together with 2 3 3 Ƥ of {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}); 3 3 3 Ƥ, id., Monte Manico del Lume SE slope, 300 m a.s.l., 17.XI. 1982, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg., {{Taxon name|Ostrya carpinifolia|''Ostrya carpinifolia''}} wood on flysch; 4 3, id., Valle Rio Tonnego, 5.I. 1976, S. Zoia leg., sieved; 2 3, Recco, 23.I. 1975, S. Zoia leg., sieved; 1 Ƥ, Rovegno, Monte della Cavalla, 1300 m a.s.l., 31.VII. 1994, G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood; 4 Ƥ, Sant’Olcese, Campi, 22.V. 2008, M. Capurro, L. Galli & C. Torti leg., {{Taxon name|Fraxinus|''Fraxinus''}}, {{Taxon name|Ostrya|''Ostrya''}} and {{Taxon name|Pinus|''Pinus''}} mixed wood; 1 Ƥ, id., Camporsella, 8.IV. 1972, G. Bartoli leg., {{Taxon name|Castanea sativa|''Castanea sativa''}} wood; 1 3, id., 2.V. 1974, sieved; 2 3, id., Manesseno, 27.X. 1974, G. Gardini leg., sieved; 2 3 1 Ƥ, id., San Lorenzo di Casanova, 26.III. 1972, G. Gardini leg., sieved (together with 3 3 2 Ƥ of C.
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{{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''nanus''}}); 2 3 2 Ƥ, id., Trensasco, 19.V. 2009, M. Capurro leg., {{Taxon name|Ostrya carpinifolia|''Ostrya carpinifolia''}} wood; 2 3 1 Ƥ, Sestri Levante, Villa Scorza, 100 m a.s.l., 29.VII. 2008, M. Capurro leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus pubescens|''Quercus pubescens''}} wood; 1 Ƥ, Sori, Sant’Apollinare, 16.III. 1986, G. Gardini leg. Liguria: La Spezia Prov. — 1 Ƥ, Levanto, Ridarolo, 10.I. 1993, M. Bodon leg.; 1 Ƥ, Quaratica, Monte Bermego, 630 m a.s.l., 21.II. 1982, G. Gardini, C. Giusto & S. Zoia leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 2 3 7 Ƥ, Varese Ligure, Passo Cento Croci, 11.VIII. 1982, L. Ansaldo, C. Torti & S. Zoia leg. Liguria: Savona Prov.—3 3 8 Ƥ, Alassio, [[Isola]] Gallinara, 8.V. 1996, G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 3 3 3 Ƥ, id., 10.VI. 1996, D. Lanteri leg. (together with 1 3 1 T of {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}); 2 3 3 Ƥ, id., [[Isola]] Gallinara NNE slope, 11.IV. 2007, F. Oneto & D. Ottonello leg.; 1 Ƥ, Altare, Bric del Tesoro, 800 m a.s.l., 12.X. 1989, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg., {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood; 1 3, id., Monte Baraccone, 250 m a.s.l., 14.III. 1986, S. Zoia leg., stump of {{Taxon name|Castanea|''Castanea''}}; 1 3 1 Ƥ, Bardineto, 1.IV. 1973, G. Gardini leg., sieved; 1 3, Bardineto, Roveirola, 29.V. 1986, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg.; 2 3 2 Ƥ, id., 3.X. 1989, G. Gardini, R. Rizzerio & G. Troiano leg.; 1 3 1 Ƥ, id., Tana da Roveirola 40 Li/SV, 8.VI. 1981, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg., sieved at entrance; 45 3 8 Ƥ, Bergeggi, [[Isola]] di Bergeggi, 13.V. 2003, G. Gardini & A. Trotta leg.; 1 3 11 Ƥ, Bergeggi, 21.IV. 2006, M. Capurro, D. Duradoni & L. Galli leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus suber|''Quercus suber''}} wood; 5 3 3 Ƥ 8 T 1 D, id., 1.II. 2007; 13 3 14 Ƥ 11 T 2 D, id., 6.III. 2007; 2 3 6 Ƥ, id., 3.IV. 2007; 22 3 7 Ƥ 2 T 3 D, id., 9.V. 2007; 62 3 62 Ƥ 24 T 30 D, id., 13.VI. 2007; 42 3 51 Ƥ 6 T 6 D, id., 5.VII. 2007; 5 3 17 Ƥ 10 T 7 D, id., 30.VII. 2007; 30 3 17 Ƥ 37 T, id., 17.IX. 2007; 77 3 60 Ƥ 45 T 5 D, id., 15.X. 2007; 33 3 29 Ƥ 26 T 2 D, id., 20.XI. 2007; 32 3 17 Ƥ 20 T 6 D, id., 28.XII. 2007; 24 3 28 Ƥ 39 T 4 D, id., 31.I. 2008; 1 3 2 T, Boissano, 11.III. 1979, G. Gardini leg., under {{Taxon name|Pistacia|''Pistacia''}}; 1 3, id., Monte Carmo di Loano, 1389 m a.s.l., 18.V. 1975, G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood; 2 Ƥ, id., Monte Ravinet 900 m a.s.l., 7.VI. 1975, G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood; 13 3 6 Ƥ 9 T, id., slope Monte Ravinet, 6.V. 1990, G. Gardini & R. Benelli leg., sieved under {{Taxon name|Pistacia lentiscus|''Pistacia lentiscus''}}; 2 3 1 Ƥ, id., SW slope Monte Ravinet, 900 m a.s.l., 10.IV. 1977, S. Zoia leg.; 2 3 3 Ƥ, Cairo Montenotte, slope Monte San Giorgio, 650 m a.s.l., 18.I. 1981, D. Antichi & S. Zoia leg.; 1 Ƥ, Calizzano, Colle del Melogno, 24.V. 1973, G. Gardini leg.; 1 Ƥ, id., 8.X. 1985, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg., fagetum; 1 3 1 Ƥ, Cisano sul Neva, Martinetto, 100 m a.s.l., 6.VI. 1980, S. Zoia, A. Torchia, R. Rizzerio & G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Ostrya carpinifolia|''Ostrya carpinifolia''}} wood; 1 3 2 Ƥ, Erli, Gazzo, 500 m a.s.l., 6.VI. 1980, S. Zoia, A. Torchia, R. Rizzerio & G. Gardini leg. (together with 1 Ƥ of {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}); 1 3, id., 24.VII. 1980, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg.; 3 Ƥ, id., 18.IV. 1985, G. Gardini & G. Troiano leg.; 6 3 5 Ƥ, Finale Ligure, upper Val Ponci, 31.V. 1975, R. Poggi leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 2 3 6 Ƥ, id., 15.VI. 1975, R. Poggi & S. Zoia leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 10 3 8 Ƥ, id., 24.VI. 1975, G. Bartoli & R. Poggi leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 1 3 4 Ƥ, id., 4.IV. 1976, R. Poggi leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 2 3 5 Ƥ 2 T, id., 3.IV. 1977, S. Zoia leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 17 3 14 Ƥ 1 T, Finale Ligure, Caprazoppa, 18.X. 1973, G. Gardini leg., sieved; 4 3 5 Ƥ, id., 28.X. 1973, R. Poggi leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 5 3 7 Ƥ 2 T, id., 11.XI. 1973, G. Gardini & R. Poggi leg., sieved; 2 3 3 Ƥ, id., 10.XII. 1973, G. Bartoli leg., under {{Taxon name|Cistus|''Cistus''}}; 3 3 7 Ƥ 1 T 1 D, id., 10.III. 1974, G. Gardini leg., sieved in garigue; 1 3, id., 23.II. 1975, S. Zoia leg., sieved in garigue; 3 3 5 Ƥ, id., 7.X. 1975, R. Poggi leg., sieved under {{Taxon name|Cistus|''Cistus''}} and {{Taxon name|Euphorbia|''Euphorbia''}}; 1 3 1 Ƥ, id., 21.XI. 1975, G. Bartoli leg.; 1 3 4 Ƥ, id., 4.I. 1981, S. Zoia leg.; 1 Ƥ, id., 29.X. 1982, G. Gardini, C. Giusto & G. Troiano leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 15 3 21 Ƥ 1 T, id., 29.I. 1985, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg., under {{Taxon name|Euphorbia|''Euphorbia''}}; 4 3 3 Ƥ, id., 7.III. 1985, C. Giusto leg.; 13 3 15 Ƥ 3 T 2 D, Finale Ligure, Manie, 13.V. 1979, L. Briganti & S. Zoia leg.; 2 3 6 Ƥ, id., Pianmarino, 7.XII. 1975, G. Gardini, R. Poggi & S. Zoia leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 1 3 2 Ƥ, id., San Bernardino, 24.III. 1974, G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 1 3 1 Ƥ, id., 23.III. 1975, G. Gardini leg., sieved; 2 Ƥ, id, 1.XI. 1979, S. Zoia, A. Torchia & G. Gardini leg.; 3 3 4 Ƥ, id., 29.X. 1982, G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 4 3 3 T, id., 18.II. 1983, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 1 3 2 Ƥ, id., Torrente Aquila, 29.XII. 1973, G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 1 3 1 Ƥ, id., Verzi, 19.X. 1972, G. Gardini leg.; 13 3 28 Ƥ, id., Verzi, 7.IV. 1981, G. Gardini & G. Troiano leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 19 3 31 Ƥ 6 T, id., Verzi, 18.II. 1983, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg.; 1 3 1 Ƥ, Giustenice, slope Monte Carmo, 880 m a.s.l., 24.III. 1985, S. Zoia & R. Rizzerio leg., {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood; 1 3, Loano, Verzi di Loano, Torrente Nimbalto, 18.V. 1975, R. Poggi leg., sieved under {{Taxon name|Alnus|''Alnus''}}; 5 3 3 Ƥ, Magliolo, 22.IX. 1974, S. Zoia leg., sieved; 2 3 2 Ƥ, id., Isallo, 15.XI. 1981, C. Giusto & S. Zoia leg.; 1 3 ({{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}, Beier det.), id., Tana del Pecetto 569 Li/SV, 30.IX. 1973, L. Briganti & G. Gardini leg., entrance (together with 1 Ƥ of {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}); 1 3, Mallare, Monte Alto slope, 700 m a.s.l., 12.X. 1989, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg., {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood; 1 3, Murialdo, Riofreddo, 580 m a.s.l., 15.XI. 1981, C. Giusto & S. Zoia leg.; 18 3 23 Ƥ 9 T, Noli, Capo Noli, 7.I. 1973, G. Gardini leg., sieved; 9 3 11 Ƥ, id., 14.I. 1973, G. Gardini leg., sieved; 2 3 2 Ƥ, id., 19.III. 1974, G. Gardini leg., sieved; 7 3 8 Ƥ, id, 3.IV. 1977, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg., sieved in garigue; 4 3 6 Ƥ 3 T, Noli, Voze, 200 m a.s.l., 7.II. 1989, G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 2 3, Osiglia, Lago di Osiglia, 29.V. 2006, L. Galli leg.; 5 3 1 Ƥ, Quiliano, Garzi, 4.II. 1986, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 6 3 2 Ƥ, id., Molini, 50 m a.s.l., 5.XI. 1982, G. Gardini leg., under {{Taxon name|Cistus|''Cistus''}}; 21 3 23 Ƥ, id., Treponti, 80 m a.s.l., 29.X. 1980, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg.; 1 3 1 Ƥ, id., 12.II. 1985, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 23 3 23 Ƥ 9 T, Spotorno, 16.I. 1977, G. Gardini leg., sieved under {{Taxon name|Pistacia|''Pistacia''}}; 7 3 9 Ƥ, id., Mortou, 18.X. 1983, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg.; 39 3 39 Ƥ 2 T, id., Mortou, 12.II. 1985, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus suber|''Quercus suber''}} wood; 1 3 2 Ƥ 2 T, Stella, Corona, 13.IV. 1980, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg. (together with 1 Ƥ of {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}); 1 3 2 Ƥ, Toirano, Rio nella Valle, 500 m a.s.l., 9.XI. 1984, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg., {{Taxon name|Fraxinus ornus|''Fraxinus ornus''}}, {{Taxon name|Ostrya carpinifolia|''Ostrya carpinifolia''}} and {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} mixed wood (together with 1 3 1 Ƥ of {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}); 1 3, id., near Toirano, 16.II. 1985, G. Gardini leg., olive grove; 1 Ƥ, id., Rio nella Valle, 3.IV. 1986, G. Gardini, R. Rizzerio & E. Belluati leg., {{Taxon name|Ostrya carpinifolia|''Ostrya carpinifolia''}} wood; 3 3 2 Ƥ, id., Rocca Berleurio NE slope, 27.V. 2006, L. Galli leg.; 1 Ƥ, Urbe, Passo del Faiallo, 1000 m a.s.l., 27.VIII. 1980, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg.; 1 3, Urbe, Rocca della Marasca, 900 m a.s.l., 12.IV. 1982, C. Giusto leg.; 9 3 19 Ƥ 4 T, Vado Ligure, Rocca dei Corvi, 750 m a.s.l., 1.III. 1983, S. Zoia leg.; 5 3 5 Ƥ, id., Rocca dei Corvi W slope, 550 m a.s.l., 21.I. 1985, C. Torti & S. Zoia leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} and {{Taxon name|Ostrya carpinifolia|''Ostrya carpinifolia''}} mixed wood; 2 3 2 Ƥ 1 T, id., Segno near, 200 m a.s.l., 21.II. 1985, C. Torti & S. Zoia leg., {{Taxon name|Castanea sativa|''Castanea sativa''}} wood; 2 3 4 Ƥ 1 T, id., Segno, Rocca dei Corvi, 780 m a.s.l., 21.II. 1988, G. Gardini leg.; 14 3 26 Ƥ 11 T, Varazze, 19.II. 1978, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 6 3 13 Ƥ 9 T, id., 28.III. 1978; 12 3 14 Ƥ 4 T 2 D, id., 19.III. 1981, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 8 3 6 Ƥ 3 T, id., 29.IV. 1981; 8 3 9 Ƥ 1 T 3 D, id., 29.V. 1981; 9 3 14 Ƥ 9 T 5 D, id., 30.VI. 1981, R. Rizzerio leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood; 16 3 26 Ƥ 20 T 3 D, id., 10.IX. 1981; 2 3 5 Ƥ 1 T, id., 8.X. 1981; 4 3 11 Ƥ, id., 5.XI. 1981; 19 3 29 Ƥ 12 T, id., 17.XII. 1981; 6 3 6 Ƥ 5 T 2 D, id., 28.I. 1982; 1 3 3 Ƥ 1 T 1 D, id., 14.III. 1982; 7 3 11 Ƥ 2 T, id., 14.IV. 1982. {{Taxon name|Emilia|''Emilia''}}: Bologna Prov. —3 3 2 Ƥ, Casalecchio, Vizzano, IX/ XI. 2010, L. Colacurcio leg. {{Taxon name|Emilia|''Emilia''}}: Parma Prov. — 7 3 1 Ƥ, Bedonia, Monte Pelpi, 750 m a.s.l., 11.VIII. 1982, L. Ansaldo, C. Torti & S. Zoia leg. Tuscany: Grosseto Prov.—1 Ƥ, [[Isola]] del Giglio, il Franco, 18.VII. 2009, G. Caoduro leg. Umbria: Terni Prov.—1 3 2 Ƥ, Terni, Piediluco, 370 m a.s.l., 13.VI. 2010, G. Gardini leg., mixed wood. Latium: Frosinone Prov.—1 3, Ausonia, Monti Aurunci, 8.IV. 1985, S. Vit leg., base of {{Taxon name|Olea|''Olea''}} (MHNG); 1 Ƥ, Cassino, Monte Cairo, III. 1991, P. Magrini leg. Latium: Rome Prov.—1 Ƥ, Bracciano, Pisciarelli, 650 m a.s.l., 12.IV. 1992, P. Magrini leg.; 1 Ƥ, Roma, Castelgiuliano, 15.XI. 1990, L. Latella leg.; 1 Ƥ, id., Monte Mario, 20.VI/ 16.IX. 1991, L. Latella leg., pitfall traps; 2 3, Sasso, 23.XII. 1990, S. Zoia & L. Latella leg. Abruzzo: L’Aquila Prov.—1 Ƥ, Gran Sasso, Campo Imperatore, 1670 m a.s.l., 13.VI/ 30.VIII. 1988, S. Zoia leg. Campania: Salerno Prov.—1 3 1 Ƥ, Cilento, Monte Bulgheria, 800 m a.s.l., 20.IV. 1992, G. Gardini leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus ilex|''Quercus ilex''}} wood.}}
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{{Section|class=etymology|heading = Etymology|content=Derivatio nominis. From the Latin adjective “ {{Taxon name|Chthonius tyrrhenicus|''tyrrhenicus''}} ”, relating to Tyrrhenus, the name of the mythological saviour of the Etruscans, who led them from Lydia, western [[Anatolia]], to Etruria (Herodotus, Histories, I. 94.5, 7); subsequently the Romans called the sea west of Etruria the Tyrrhenian Sea. This new species chiefly inhabits the northern Tyrrhenian lands.}}
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Measurements (in mm). Body length 1.30–1.55 (3), 1.46–1.60 (Ƥ). Carapace 0.42–0.47 × 0.38–0.43 (3), 0.42–0.49 × 0.39–0.46 (Ƥ). Chelicerae 0.37–0.40 × 0.16–0.165 (3), 0.35–0.42 × 0.15–0.18 (Ƥ), movable finger length 0.16–0.20 (3), 0.18–0.21 (Ƥ). Pedipalp: femur 0.64–0.74 × 0.10–0.105 (3), 0.65–0.74 × 0.09–0.11 (Ƥ); chela 0.75–1.06 × 0.12–0.165 (3), 0.92–1.07 × 0.14–0.17 (Ƥ); hand length 0.30–0.43 (3), 0.365–0.445 (Ƥ); movable finger length 0.45–0.63 (3), 0.54–0.62 (Ƥ).
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Description of tritonymph. Chaetotaxy of carapace as in adults, no preocular microsetae; no eyes or eyespots. Chaetotaxy of tergites as in adults. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–VIII: 5:(2) 6 (2):(1) 6 (1): 7: 6: 6: 6. Cheliceral palm with 5 setae and one microseta laterally; spinneret as in females. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3 + 2 marginal microsetae, II 4, III 4–5, IV 5. Pedipalp: femur 5.3 times as long as broad; chela 5.8 times as long as deep; hand of chela 2.35 times as long as deep, more depressed dorsally than in adults; fixed chelal finger with 11 triangular teeth and 8 proximal microtubercles; tip of fixed chelal finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on antiaxial face; movable chelal finger with 8 teeth, the proximal one reduced and rounded apically; coupled sensilla pc a little distad of b; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.45; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.2.
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Measurements (in mm). Body length 1.2. Pedipalp: femur 0.40 × 0.075; chela 0.58 × 0.10; hand length 0.235; movable finger length 0.34.}}
  
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{{Section|class=description|heading = Description|content=Description of adults (Ƥ). Integument weakly pigmented, carapace, tergites, chelicerae and pedipalps pale brown-yellow; marked hispid granulation on lateral surfaces of carapace, on cheliceral palm, on distal surface of chelal hand and on base of movable chelal finger. Carapace 1.0– 1.1, subquadrate; anterior border (figs 252–254) strongly denticulate between median macrosetae, rarely with weak epistome; ocular area as in fig. 255, anterior eyes with convex lens (diameter 0.026–0.035 mm), posterior eyes reduced to smooth cuticular area, both pairs of eyes with tapetum; distance from anterior eyes to anterior margin of carapace 0.02–0.03 mm; chaetotaxy mm 4mm: 6: 4: 2: 2 (18), macrosetae slightly thick; length of anteromedian macrosetae 0.07–0.08 mm. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X 4: 4: 4: 4: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 4. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X 10:(3) 8 (3):(2) 7 (2): 8: 6: 6: 6: 6: 7; sternite II rarely with 9 or 11 setae, sternite III rarely with (3) 7 or 9 (3) setae, sternite IV rarely with (2) 8–9 (2) setae, sternite V rarely with 9–10 setae; genital opening of males flanked by 6–7 (rarely 5) setae on each side. Chelicerae (figs 256–257) 1.9– 2.2 times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae and 2 microsetae laterally; fixed finger with 5–7 teeth proximally reduced in size and 3–5 proximal microtubercles; movable finger with a large isolated subapical tooth (di) (proximal with respect to the spinneret), 4–6 contiguous teeth and 3–5 proximal microtubercles; gl ratio 0.52–0.61; spinneret prominent, conical, apically rounded, more obtuse in males, with 4 glandular ducts; rallum with 11 blades; serrulae interior and exterior respectively with 12 and 14 blades. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3 + 3 marginal microsetae, II 4, III 5, IV 6; coxa II with 4–8 (mostly 5–7) coxal spines, coxa III with 1–5 (mostly 2–3) coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 4.55–5.3 (3), 4.4–5.3 (Ƥ) times as long as broad, with laterobasal hispid granulation; chela (figs 258–260) 4.6–5.4 (3), 4.1–4.7 (Ƥ) times as long as deep; hand of chela 2.0– 2.2 (3), 1.7–2.1 (Ƥ) times as long as deep, depressed at level of trichobothria ibisb, with abrupt slope between trichobothria ib-isb and eb-esb-ist (hand with a square profile); fixed chelal finger with 11–12 (rarely 13) triangular teeth, weakly reclined, with dental canals, the 3–4 distal ones gradually reduced in size towards fingertip, the last usually with rounded tip; base of fixed chelal finger with 6–8 microtubercles; tip of fixed finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on antiaxial face; fixed chelal finger at level of est-it with 5 teeth occupying 0.1 mm (distance between successive apices 0.020 mm); distal half of movable chelal finger with 6–7 (rarely 5 or 8) upright triangular teeth, the distal one small or very small, with dental canals; proximal half of movable chelal finger with thick marginal lamina weakly undulated or finely serrated; coupled sensilla pc between b and sb, mostly at level of sb, rarely distad of sb; trichobothria as in figs 259–260, eb-esb-ist mostly placed in a straight line, or ist proximad of the line eb-esb; basal apodeme of movable chelal finger strongly sclerotized, subrectangular, squat, mostly truncate and indented apically; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.3–1.4 (3), 1.2–1.35 (Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.2–1.3 (3), 1.15–1.25 (Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/ carapace 1.1–1.2 (3 Ƥ).
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{{Section|class=discussion|heading = Discussion|content=Remarks. Gardini (1990) emphasized the presence in eastern Liguria of populations (referred to as {{Taxon name|Chthonius zoiai|''C. cf. zoiai''}}) from isolated karstic systems that differed from the [[type]] specimens of {{Taxon name|Chthonius zoiai|''C. zoiai''}}, chiefly in the number of macrosetae on tergite I (4 instead of 2), on coxae I (3 instead of 4) and in the absence of preocular microsetae. Until larger samples become available for studying variation, it seems best to consider the specimens examined here as conspecific. A similar case, concerning hypogean populations of {{Taxon name|Roncus gestroi|''Roncus gestroi''}} Beier, 1930 in eastern Liguria, is discussed in Gardini (1993 a).
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Within the {{Taxon name|Chthonius fuscimanus|''Chthonius fuscimanus''}} group, {{Taxon name|Chthonius zoiai|''C. zoiai''}} is related to the epigean {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}, a widespread species in the same geographical area, from which it differs in many troglomorphic characters. {{Taxon name|Chthonius zoiai|''C. zoiai''}} is also related to the hypogean {{Taxon name|Chthonius genuensis|''C. genuensis''}} from eastern Liguria (for a comparison between them, see Remarks under {{Taxon name|Chthonius genuensis|''C. genuensis''}}).}}
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Measurements (in mm). Body length 0.90–1.05 (3), 0.93–1.30 (Ƥ). Carapace 0.26–0.30 × 0.26–0.30 (0.23– 0.28 anteriorly) (3), 0.29–0.36 × 0.28–0.36 (0.25–0.31 anteriorly) (Ƥ). Chelicerae 0.20–0.245 × 0.11–0.12 (3), 0.23–0.29 × 0.11–0.15 (Ƥ), movable finger length 0.11–0.135 (3), 0.12–0.15 (Ƥ). Pedipalp: femur 0.29–0.37 × 0.06–0.07 (3), 0.32–0.42 × 0.065–0.09 (Ƥ); chela 0.435–0.54 × 0.09–0.105 (3), 0.47–0.60 × 0.10–0.135 (Ƥ); hand length 0.185–0.22 (3), 0.20–0.26 (Ƥ); movable finger length 0.25–0.31 (3), 0.265–0.34 (Ƥ).
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Description of tritonymph. Integument weakly pigmented, hispid granulation less evident than in adults. Carapace 1.0 times longer than broad, anterior border with sharp denticles, without epistome; diameter of anterior eyes 0.024 mm; chaetotaxy m 4m: 6: 4: 2: 2 (18); length of anteromedian macrosetae 0.05–0.06 mm. Chaetotaxy of tergites as in adults. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–IX 5:(2) 6–7 (2):(1) 6–7 (1): 7: 6: 6: 6: 6. Chelicerae 1.9–2.1 times as long as broad, palm with 5 setae and one microseta laterally; fixed finger with 5 teeth, movable finger with 4 teeth and one isolated subapical tooth (di); spinneret prominent as in females; rallum with 9 blades; serrulae interior and exterior respectively with 10 and 12 blades; gl ratio 0.54–0.57. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3 + 2 marginal microsetae, II 4, III 5, IV 5; coxa II with 4–5 coxal spines, coxa III with 1– 3 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 4.0– 4.6 times as long as broad; chela 4.2–4.7 times as long as deep; hand of chela 1.8 –2.0 times as long as deep; fixed chelal finger with 10–12 triangular teeth, the proximal one apically rounded; base of fixed chelal finger with a few microtubercles; tip of fixed chelal finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on antiaxial face; distal half of movable chelal finger with 6–8 triangular teeth; proximal half of movable chelal finger with weakly undulated and crenellated marginal lamina; coupled sensilla pc mostly nearer to b than to sb; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.3–1.4; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.1–1.2; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.0– 1.1.
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Measurements (in mm). Body length 0.70–0.80. Carapace 0.23–0.245 × 0.23–0.24 (0.20–0.22 anteriorly). Chelicerae 0.18–0.20 × 0.085–0.105, movable finger length 0.09–0.11. Pedipalp: femur 0.24–0.28 × 0.05–0.06; chela 0.36–0.40 × 0.08–0.095; hand length 0.15–0.17; movable finger length 0.20–0.22.}}
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{{Section|class=discussion|heading = Discussion|content=Remarks. Among the species of the {{Taxon name|Chthonius fuscimanus|''Chthonius fuscimanus''}} group, {{Taxon name|Chthonius tyrrhenicus|''C. tyrrhenicus''}} n. sp. is closely related to {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}}, an epigean species common and widespread in the same geographical area, and, perhaps, to {{Taxon name|Chthonius pyrenaicus|''C. pyrenaicus''}} Beier, 1934, from [[Spain]], the Balearic Islands and [[France]] (Pyrénées Orientales). Differences between {{Taxon name|Chthonius tyrrhenicus|''C. tyrrhenicus''}} and {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}} are given in the Remarks under the latter species.
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Callaini (1984) first detected and described morphological differences between some populations from western Liguria—referred to {{Taxon name|Chthonius|''Chthonius''}} sp. (gr. {{Taxon name|Chthonius elbanus|''elbanus''}} Beier)—and the true {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}} (as {{Taxon name|Chthonius elbanus|''C. elbanus''}}), but he did not formally propose a new species. Gardini (1990) followed the opinion of Callaini (1984) in a key to the Ligurian {{Taxon name|Ephippiochthonius|''Ephippiochthonius''}}. The description and measurements of Gardini (1980 c) and Callaini (1984) agree with the above description of {{Taxon name|Chthonius tyrrhenicus|''C. tyrrhenicus''}}. Many syntopic occurrences of {{Taxon name|Chthonius tyrrhenicus|''C. tyrrhenicus''}} and {{Taxon name|Chthonius nanus|''C. nanus''}} have been detected in Liguria (from Genoa and Savona Provinces: see Material examined).}}
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==Taxon Treatment==
 
==Taxon Treatment==
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*{{aut|Gardini, Giulio}}; 2013: A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas, Zootaxa '''3655''': 130-136. {{doi|TODO}}
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*{{aut|Gardini, Giulio}}; 2013: A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas, Zootaxa '''3655''': 140-142. {{doi|TODO}}
  
 
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[[Category:Work Pending at Plazi]]
  
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Gardini, Giulio (2013) A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas. Zootaxa 3655 : 140 – 142, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2017-06-13, version 143988, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Chthonius_(Gardini,_Giulio_2013)&oldid=143988 , contributors (alphabetical order): PlaziBot.

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@article{Gardini2013Zootaxa3655,
author = {Gardini, Giulio},
journal = {Zootaxa},
title = {A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas},
year = {2013},
volume = {3655},
issue = {},
pages = {140 -- 142},
doi = {TODO},
url = {},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2017-06-13, version 143988, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Chthonius_(Gardini,_Giulio_2013)&oldid=143988 , contributors (alphabetical order): PlaziBot.}

}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas
A1 - Gardini, Giulio
Y1 - 2013
JF - Zootaxa
JA -
VL - 3655
IS -
UR - http://dx.doi.org/TODO
SP - 140
EP - 142
PB -
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2017-06-13, version 143988, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Chthonius_(Gardini,_Giulio_2013)&oldid=143988 , contributors (alphabetical order): PlaziBot.

M3 - doi:TODO

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

<ref name="Gardini2013Zootaxa3655">{{Citation
| author = Gardini, Giulio
| title = A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas
| journal = Zootaxa
| year = 2013
| volume = 3655
| issue =
| pages = 140 -- 142
| pmid =
| publisher =
| doi = TODO
| url =
| pmc =
| accessdate = 2024-12-12

}} Versioned wiki page: 2017-06-13, version 143988, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Chthonius_(Gardini,_Giulio_2013)&oldid=143988 , contributors (alphabetical order): PlaziBot.</ref>


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Pseudoscorpiones
Familia: Chthoniidae
Genus: Chthonius

Name

Chthonius zoiai Gardini 1990: 248 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

Materials Examined

Type locality:Italy, Liguria, La Spezia Prov., La Spezia, Grotta della Taglia 79 Li/SP (44 °06ʹ0 3 ʺN 9 ° 47 ʹ 30 ʺE).

Distribution

Distribution.Italy: Liguria.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis (Ƥ). An anophthalmic hypogean Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) from eastern Liguria that differs from other species of the C. fuscimanus group in the following combination of characters: movable cheliceral finger with isolated subapical tooth (di) at level with the spinneret and a median prominent group of 5 subequal teeth; chelal hand (in lateral view) without a rounded hump distad of trichobothria ib-isb, weakly depressed proximally ib-isb, without hollow just before the base of the movable chelal finger; fixed chelal finger at level of est-it with 4 teeth occupying 0.1 mm (distance between successive apices 0.031–0.035 mm); length of chela 0.75– 1.06 (3), 0.92–1.07 (Ƥ) mm, length of movable chelal finger 0.45–0.63 (3), 0.54–0.62 (Ƥ) mm; chela 6.4–6.5 (3), 5.8–6.6 (Ƥ) times as long as deep; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.4–1.7 (3 Ƥ).

Materials Examined

Type material examined.ITALY —Liguria: La Spezia Prov.—1 3 1 T (paratypes), La Spezia, Vallone di Biassa, Grotta della Taglia 79 Li/SP, 160 m a.s.l., 9.IX. 1979, A. & L. Briganti & S. Zoia leg.; 1 3 (holotype) 1 Ƥ (paratype), id., 21.II. 1982, G. M. Schiaffino & S. Zoia leg.; 1 Ƥ (paratype), “ Chthonius Gestroi E. S.typus!” “Bocca Lupara 12.II. [18] 96. [R.] Gestro”, [La Spezia, Grotta di Bocca Lupara 74 Li/SP] (MSNG). Other material examined. ITALY— Liguria: Genoa Prov.—1 3 1 Ƥ, Castiglione Chiavarese, San Pietro Frascarese, Grotta da Prima Ciappa superiore 976 Li/GE, 420 m a.s.l., 21.XII. 1975, L. Briganti, L. A. Cassulo & S. Zoia leg.; 1 Ƥ, id., 24.X. 1976, L. A. Cassulo & S. Zoia leg.; 1 3 1 Ƥ, id., 6.XI. 1977, L. Briganti, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg. Liguria: La Spezia Prov. – 1 Ƥ, Lerici, Grotta dei Branzi 468 Li/SP, 350 m a.s.l., 14.II. 1982, S. Durante & S. Zoia leg.; 1 3, Maissana, Tann-a de Strie (= Tann-a de Liciorno) 147 Li/SP, 880 m a.s.l., 29.IV. 1982, S. Zoia leg.

Description

Description of adults (Ƥ). Troglomorphic facies, integument depigmented; hispid granulation on lateral surfaces of carapace and on cheliceral palm. Carapace 1.05–1.1 times longer than broad, slightly constricted posteriorly; anterior margin (fig. 270) between median macrosetae with sharp denticles, rarely weakly prominent with larger denticles, but always without epistome; no eyes or eye-spots (fig. 271); chaetotaxy 4: 6: 4: 2: 2 (18), macrosetae thin; 0 or 2 preocular microsetae on each side; length of anteromedian macrosetae 0.11–0.13 mm. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X 4: 4: 4: 4: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 4, tergite I rarely with 2 or 3 setae. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X 9– 10:(3) 9–10 (3):(2) 7–8 (2): 8–9: 6–9: 6–7: 6: 6: 7; genital opening of males flanked by 6–7 setae on each side (4 + 5 setae in male from Maissana: Tann-a de Strie). Chelicerae (figs 272–273) 2.2–2.4 times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae and 2 microsetae laterally; fixed finger with 7–8 subequal teeth and 4–5 proximal microtubercles; distal half of movable finger with a group of 5 prominent teeth and with an isolated subapical tooth (di) at level of spinneret; gl ratio 0.52–0.60; spinneret weakly raised in males, prominent and rounded apically in females; rallum with 11 blades. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3–4 + 3 marginal microsetae, II 4, III 5, IV 6; coxa II with 10–12 coxal spines, coxa III with 4–6 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 7.05–7.2 (3), 6.4–7.7 (Ƥ) times as long as broad; chela (fig. 274–275) 6.4–6.5 (3), 5.8–6.6 (Ƥ) times as long as deep; hand of chela 2.6–2.7 (3), 2.4–2.8 (Ƥ) times as long as deep, with a weak depression proximad of trichobothria ib-isb; fixed chelal finger with 13–15 triangular, pointed teeth (except proximal one rounded apically) with dental canals; base of finger with 5–10 microtubercles; tip of finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on antiaxial face; fixed chelal finger at level of est-it with 4 teeth occupying 0.1 mm (distance between successive apices 0.031– 0.035 mm); distal half of movable chelal finger with 8–10 triangular, pointed teeth (the proximal one sometimes reduced, widely rounded) with dental canals; proximal half of finger, staring distad of sb, with straight, thick marginal lamina, rarely irregularly undulated; coupled sensilla pc variably placed between sb and halfway between b and sb; trichobothria as in fig. 275; basal apodeme of movable finger strongly sclerotized, long, rectangular; trichobothria eb-esb-ist mostly placed in a straight line, rarely ist a little proximad of line eb-esb; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.3–1.5 (3 Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.2–1.25 (3 Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.4–1.7 (3 Ƥ).

Measurements (in mm). Body length 1.30–1.55 (3), 1.46–1.60 (Ƥ). Carapace 0.42–0.47 × 0.38–0.43 (3), 0.42–0.49 × 0.39–0.46 (Ƥ). Chelicerae 0.37–0.40 × 0.16–0.165 (3), 0.35–0.42 × 0.15–0.18 (Ƥ), movable finger length 0.16–0.20 (3), 0.18–0.21 (Ƥ). Pedipalp: femur 0.64–0.74 × 0.10–0.105 (3), 0.65–0.74 × 0.09–0.11 (Ƥ); chela 0.75–1.06 × 0.12–0.165 (3), 0.92–1.07 × 0.14–0.17 (Ƥ); hand length 0.30–0.43 (3), 0.365–0.445 (Ƥ); movable finger length 0.45–0.63 (3), 0.54–0.62 (Ƥ). Description of tritonymph. Chaetotaxy of carapace as in adults, no preocular microsetae; no eyes or eyespots. Chaetotaxy of tergites as in adults. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–VIII: 5:(2) 6 (2):(1) 6 (1): 7: 6: 6: 6. Cheliceral palm with 5 setae and one microseta laterally; spinneret as in females. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3 + 2 marginal microsetae, II 4, III 4–5, IV 5. Pedipalp: femur 5.3 times as long as broad; chela 5.8 times as long as deep; hand of chela 2.35 times as long as deep, more depressed dorsally than in adults; fixed chelal finger with 11 triangular teeth and 8 proximal microtubercles; tip of fixed chelal finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on antiaxial face; movable chelal finger with 8 teeth, the proximal one reduced and rounded apically; coupled sensilla pc a little distad of b; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.45; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.2. Measurements (in mm). Body length 1.2. Pedipalp: femur 0.40 × 0.075; chela 0.58 × 0.10; hand length 0.235; movable finger length 0.34.

Discussion

Remarks. Gardini (1990) emphasized the presence in eastern Liguria of populations (referred to as C. cf. zoiai) from isolated karstic systems that differed from the type specimens of C. zoiai, chiefly in the number of macrosetae on tergite I (4 instead of 2), on coxae I (3 instead of 4) and in the absence of preocular microsetae. Until larger samples become available for studying variation, it seems best to consider the specimens examined here as conspecific. A similar case, concerning hypogean populations of Roncus gestroi Beier, 1930 in eastern Liguria, is discussed in Gardini (1993 a). Within the Chthonius fuscimanus group, C. zoiai is related to the epigean C. nanus, a widespread species in the same geographical area, from which it differs in many troglomorphic characters. C. zoiai is also related to the hypogean C. genuensis from eastern Liguria (for a comparison between them, see Remarks under C. genuensis).

Taxon Treatment

  • Gardini, Giulio; 2013: A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas, Zootaxa 3655: 140-142. doi
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