View source for Rhizoplaca parilis


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{{Publication to wiki notice
 | author = Leavitt, Steven D. AND Fernández-Mendoza, Fernando AND Pérez-Ortega, Sergio AND Sohrabi, Mohammad AND Divakar, Pradeep K. AND Lumbsch, H. Thorsten AND Clair, Larry L. St.
 | author_abbreviated = Leavitt S AND Fernández-Mendoza F AND Pérez-Ortega S AND Sohrabi M AND Divakar P AND Lumbsch H AND Clair L
 | year = 2013
 | title = DNA barcode identification of lichen-forming fungal species in the ''Rhizoplaca melanophthalma'' species-complex (Lecanorales, Lecanoraceae), including five new species
 | journal = MycoKeys
 | volume = 7
 | pages = 1--22
 | doi = 10.3897/mycokeys.7.4508
 | citationurl = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/mycokeys/article/4508/citation/ 
 | url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/mycokeys/article/4508/abstract
 | publisher = Pensoft Publishers
 | publisherurl = http://www.pensoft.net/
}}					

{{Treatment start
 | Ordo = Lecanorales
 | Familia = Lecanoraceae
 | Genus = Rhizoplaca
 | Specific name = parilis
 | Infraspecific name = 
 | Taxon rank = 	
 | Taxon authority = S. Leavitt, F. Fernández-Mendoza, Lumbsch, Sohrabi & L. St. Clair
 | Taxon status = sp. nov.
 | Wikispecies page name = Rhizoplaca_parilis
 | MycoBank ID = 803476
 | Pensoft Profile = Rhizoplaca_parilis
}}

==Type==
USA, Utah, Sevier County, Thousand Lakes Mountain, north of ‘Flat Top’, [http://ptp.pensoft.eu/redirect_to_googlemap.php?labels%5B0%5D=38.5111%C2%B0N%2C+111.4732%C2%B0W&coordinates%5B0%5D=38.5111%C2%B0N%2C+111.4732%C2%B0W 38.5111°N, 111.4732°W], on basalt, 2875 m alt., October 1997, Lyndon D. Porter BRY-C55077 (holotype BRY).

==Description==
Morphologically similar to ''{{Taxon name|Rhizoplaca melanophthalma}}'' sensu stricto, but consists of specimens recovered within ‘clade IVb’ in Leavitt et al. (2011a)<ref name="B30">{{aut|Leavitt S}}, {{aut|Fankhauser J}}, {{aut|Leavitt D}}, {{aut|Porter L}}, {{aut|Johnson L}}, {{aut|St. C}} (2011a) Complex patterns of speciation in cosmopolitan ‘‘rock posy’’ lichens – Discovering and delimiting cryptic fungal species in the lichen-forming ''Rhizoplaca melanophthalma'' species-complex (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59: 587-602. doi: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.020 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.020]</ref >, which is supported as a lineage distinct from all other populations according to coalescent-based genetic analysis of multiple genetic loci. Within the ''{{Taxon name|Rhizoplaca melanophthalma}}'' species-complex, the occurrence of orsellinic, lecanoric, and gyrophoric acids appear to be restricted to ''{{Taxon name|Rhizoplaca parilis}}''. However, the occurrence of these compounds varies widely within this species, with the proportional occurrence of each compound ranging between 0.43 – 0.64 (Leavitt et al. 2011a<ref name="B30">{{aut|Leavitt S}}, {{aut|Fankhauser J}}, {{aut|Leavitt D}}, {{aut|Porter L}}, {{aut|Johnson L}}, {{aut|St. C}} (2011a) Complex patterns of speciation in cosmopolitan ‘‘rock posy’’ lichens – Discovering and delimiting cryptic fungal species in the lichen-forming ''Rhizoplaca melanophthalma'' species-complex (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59: 587-602. doi: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.020 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.020]</ref >). The mean genetic distance among ITS haplotypes was estimated to be 0.003 ± 0.004.<br />
''Chemistry''– Usnic (major) and psoromic (major) acids; usually with constipatic (minor), dehydroconstipatic (minor), dehydroprotocetraric (minor), lecanoric (major), orsellinic (minor), and subpsoromic (minor) acids; occasionally with gyrophoric (trace), 2’-''O''-demethylsubpsoromic (minor or trace) and 2’-''O''-demethylpsoromic (minor) acids.

==Reference phylogeny==
Leavitt et al. 2011a<ref name="B30">{{aut|Leavitt S}}, {{aut|Fankhauser J}}, {{aut|Leavitt D}}, {{aut|Porter L}}, {{aut|Johnson L}}, {{aut|St. C}} (2011a) Complex patterns of speciation in cosmopolitan ‘‘rock posy’’ lichens – Discovering and delimiting cryptic fungal species in the lichen-forming ''Rhizoplaca melanophthalma'' species-complex (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59: 587-602. doi: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.020 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.020]</ref > (fig. 5, ‘clade IVb’).

==Reference sequences==
GenBank Nos. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/HM577308 HM577308] (ITS), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/HM577082 HM577082] (IGS), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/HM577211 HM577211] (group I intron), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/HM577442 HM577442] (''MCM'' 7), and [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/HM576953 HM576953] (β-tubulin)<br />
'''Phylogenetic notes:''' Strong to moderate support as monophyletic lineage in both concatenated multilocus gene tree (ML bootstrap <nowiki>=</nowiki> 83%: posterior probability <nowiki>=</nowiki> 0.93), and with weak statistical support in the ITS gene topology (ML bootstrap <nowiki>=</nowiki> 67%, this study); and strong speciation probability inferred from multiple loci (BPP speciation probability <nowiki>=</nowiki> 1.0). ''{{Taxon name|Rhizoplaca parilis}}'' belongs to a closely related, and well-supported, monophyletic lineage including ''{{Taxon name|Rhizoplaca occultum}}'', ''{{Taxon name|Rhizoplaca polymorpha}}'', ''{{Taxon name|Rhizoplaca porterii}}'', and the obligatory vagrant species ''{{Taxon name|Rhizoplaca haydenii}}'' and ''{{Taxon name|Rhizoplaca idahoensis}}''.

==Ecology and distribution==
This species usually occurs on exposed calcium-poor rock (e.g. basalt, granite, schist), but sometimes on calcium rich sandstone and limestone. Its habitat ranges from pinyon-juniper woodlands to montane coniferous forests and the lower portions of alpine tundra. This taxon iscurrently known from Asia (including Central Asia and China), Europe, and North and South America

==Etymology==
The specific epithet is chosen from the Latin ''parilis'', meaning equivalent, like, or similar, in reference to the morphological similarity between the new species and the other species within the ''{{Taxon name|Rhizoplaca melanophthalma}}'' species-complex.

==Specimens examined==
See supplementary file 1.					

==Original Description==
*{{aut|Leavitt, S}}; {{aut|Fernández-Mendoza, F}}; {{aut|Pérez-Ortega, S}}; {{aut|Sohrabi, M}}; {{aut|Divakar, P}}; {{aut|Lumbsch, H}}; {{aut|Clair, L}}; 2013: DNA barcode identification of lichen-forming fungal species in the ''Rhizoplaca melanophthalma'' species-complex (Lecanorales, Lecanoraceae), including five new species [http://www.pensoft.net/journals/mycokeys/ ''MycoKeys'',] '''7''': 1-22. {{doi|10.3897/mycokeys.7.4508}}

==Other References==

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