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{{Publication to wiki notice
 | author = Hunting, Wesley M.
 | author_abbreviated = Hunting W
 | year = 2013
 | title = A taxonomic revision of the ''Cymindis (Pinacodera) limbata'' species group (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), including description of a new species from Florida, U.S.A.
 | journal = ZooKeys
 | volume = 259
 | pages = 1--73
 | doi = 10.3897/zookeys.259.2970
 | citationurl = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/2970/citation/ 
 | url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/2970/abstract
 | publisher = Pensoft Publishers
 | publisherurl = http://www.pensoft.net/
}}					

{{Treatment start
 | Ordo = Coleoptera
 | Familia = Carabidae
 | Genus = Cymindis
| Subgenus = Pinacodera
 | Specific name = chevrolati
 | Infraspecific name = 
 | Taxon rank = 	
 | Taxon authority = Dejean
 | Taxon status = 
 | Nomenclature citation = {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name|Cymindis atrata}}'' Chevrolat 1835<ref name="B23">{{aut|Chevrolat L}} (1835) Coléoptères du Mexique, Strasbourg, fasc. 5, [50 pp.]; fasc. 7, [50 pp.]; fasc. 8, [68 pp.].</ref >, fasc. 7, No. 152 (not Dejean 1831<ref name="B28">{{aut|Dejean P}} (1831) Spécies general des coléoptères de la collection de M. le comte Dejean, vol. 5, Paris, 883.</ref >: 327).— TYPE MATERIAL in OXUM: four specimens (2 males, 2 females) three of which are in front of the following green box label: “Cymindis/ Chevrolati/ Dj Cat-3, p.9/ atrata Chv Col Mus 1835/ fasc 7- 152/ Mexico/ D. Sallé “ <nowiki>[</nowiki>handwritten<nowiki>]</nowiki>. LECTOTYPE (here designated) male, labeled: <nowiki>[</nowiki>small green square<nowiki>]</nowiki>; “Chevrolat/ Carabidae/ Fr. V. d. Poll/ Pres. 1909, E./ B. Poulton.” PARALECTOTYPES, (three, here designated), two of which in front of above box label: male, <nowiki>[</nowiki>two lines of illegible handwriting<nowiki>]</nowiki>; “Chevrolat/ Carabidae/ Fr. V. d. Poll/ Pres. 1909, E./ B. Poulton”; female, “Cymindis nigrita Ch”/ “Mexico” <nowiki>[</nowiki>? handwritten<nowiki>]</nowiki>; “Chevrolat/ Carabidae/ Fr. V. d. Poll/ Pres. 1909, E./ B. Poulton”. Paralectotype 3, female, in front of green box label: Cymindis/ nigrita Chd Bull. Mosc./ 1837-VII p. 6/ Mexico D. Sallé” <nowiki>[</nowiki>handwritten<nowiki>]</nowiki>. Specimen labeled: “Cymindis/nigrita Chaud./ Mexique”; “Chevrolat/ Carabidae/ Fr. V. d. Poll/ Pres. 1909, E./ B. Poulton”. – Dejean 1836<ref name="B29">{{aut|Dejean P}} (1836) Catalogue des coléoptères de la collection de M. le comte Dejean. Troisième edition, revue, corrigée et augmentée, livr. 1–4, Paris, 1–468.</ref >: 9. –Bates 1883<ref name="B8">{{aut|Bates H}} (1883) Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelidae supplementa vol. 1, pt. 1, 153–256, pls. vi-xii.</ref >: 187, and 1891<ref name="B10">{{aut|Bates H}} (1891) Additions to the carabideous fauna of Mexico, with remarks on some of the species already recorded. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1891, 223–278, illus.</ref >: 270.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name|Cymindis chevrolatii}}'' Dejean 1836<ref name="B29">{{aut|Dejean P}} (1836) Catalogue des coléoptères de la collection de M. le comte Dejean. Troisième edition, revue, corrigée et augmentée, livr. 1–4, Paris, 1–468.</ref >: 9 <nowiki>[</nowiki>replacement name for ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis atrata}}'' Chevrolat 1835<ref name="B23">{{aut|Chevrolat L}} (1835) Coléoptères du Mexique, Strasbourg, fasc. 5, [50 pp.]; fasc. 7, [50 pp.]; fasc. 8, [68 pp.].</ref ><nowiki>]</nowiki>. – Chaudoir 1873<ref name="B21">{{aut|Chaudoir M}} (1873) Essai monographique sur le genre ''Cymindis'' proprement dit. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift  17: 53-120.</ref >: 54.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name|Cymindis nigrita}}'' Chaudoir 1837<ref name="B19">{{aut|Chaudoir M}} (1837) Genres nouveaux et espèces nouvelles de coléoptères de la famille des carabiques. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou vol. 10, No. 7, 3–48.</ref >: 6–8 <nowiki>[</nowiki>unnecessary replacement name for ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis atrata}}'' Chevrolat 1835<ref name="B23">{{aut|Chevrolat L}} (1835) Coléoptères du Mexique, Strasbourg, fasc. 5, [50 pp.]; fasc. 7, [50 pp.]; fasc. 8, [68 pp.].</ref ><nowiki>]</nowiki>. – Chaudoir 1873<ref name="B21">{{aut|Chaudoir M}} (1873) Essai monographique sur le genre ''Cymindis'' proprement dit. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift  17: 53-120.</ref >: 54, and 1875<ref name="B22">{{aut|Chaudoir M}} (1875) Genres aberrants du groupe des cymindides. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou vol. 49, pt. 2, pp. 1–61</ref >: 4.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name|Cymindis amblygona}}'' Bates 1878<ref name="B7">{{aut|Bates H}} (1878) On new genera and species of geodephagous Coleoptera from Central America. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 587–609.</ref >: 606. TYPE MATERIAL: not seen. TYPE AREA: Mexico.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name|Cymindis angulifera}}'' Bates 1878<ref name="B7">{{aut|Bates H}} (1878) On new genera and species of geodephagous Coleoptera from Central America. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 587–609.</ref >: 606. TYPE MATERIAL: not seen. TYPE AREA: Mexico.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name|Pinacodera atrata}}'' var. ''amblygona'' Bates 1883<ref name="B8">{{aut|Bates H}} (1883) Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelidae supplementa vol. 1, pt. 1, 153–256, pls. vi-xii.</ref >: 187.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name|Pinacodera atrata}}'' var. ''angulifera'' Bates 1883<ref name="B8">{{aut|Bates H}} (1883) Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelidae supplementa vol. 1, pt. 1, 153–256, pls. vi-xii.</ref >: 187.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name|Pinacodera chevrolati}}'' Csiki 1932<ref name="B25">{{aut|Csiki E}} (1932) Coleopterorum catalogus, pars 124, Carabidae: Harpalinae VII, 1279–1598. (Vol. III.)</ref >: 1487. – Blackwelder 1944<ref name="B11">{{aut|Blackwelder R}} (1944) Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 1. Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 185, 1–188.</ref >: 62.}}
 | Wikispecies page name = Cymindis_chevrolati
 | Pensoft Profile = Cymindis_(Pinacodera)_chevrolati
}}

==Type locality==
Cruz Blanca, Veracruz, Mexico.

==Specific epithet==
The original spelling is “''chevrolatii''”, but relatively recent catalogues (Csiki 1932<ref name="B25">{{aut|Csiki E}} (1932) Coleopterorum catalogus, pars 124, Carabidae: Harpalinae VII, 1279–1598. (Vol. III.)</ref >, Blackwelder 1944<ref name="B11">{{aut|Blackwelder R}} (1944) Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 1. Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 185, 1–188.</ref >, Lorenz 2005<ref name="B64">{{aut|Lorenz W}} (2005) Systematic List of Extant Ground Beetles of the World. (Insecta, Coleoptera, Adephaga: Trachypachidae & Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae). Second edition. Germany: 1–530.</ref >), have omitted the terminal “i”, thus “''chevrolati''”. Such a modification produces an incorrect subsequent spelling, but I accept the catalogue entries as “prevailing usage”, and the latter name as a correct original spelling (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature 1999<ref name="B44">{{aut|International Code of Zoological Nomenclature }} (1999). Fourth Edition. XXIX + 306 pp.</ref >: 43, art. 33.3.1).

==Notes about types, homonymy, and synonymy==
The description of ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis atrata}}'' by Chevrolat (1835<ref name="B23">{{aut|Chevrolat L}} (1835) Coléoptères du Mexique, Strasbourg, fasc. 5, [50 pp.]; fasc. 7, [50 pp.]; fasc. 8, [68 pp.].</ref >: fasc. 7, No. 152) was based on a few specimens collected near Cruz Blanca, Veracruz, by “Sallé”.<br />
As implicitly indicated by Dejean (1836<ref name="B29">{{aut|Dejean P}} (1836) Catalogue des coléoptères de la collection de M. le comte Dejean. Troisième edition, revue, corrigée et augmentée, livr. 1–4, Paris, 1–468.</ref >: 9), the name ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis atrata}}'' Chevrolat was a junior homonym of ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis atrata}}'' Dejean (1831, a species that was subsequently transferred to the genus ''{{Taxon name|Inna}}'' Putzeys (Chaudoir 1872<ref name="B20">{{aut|Chaudoir M}} (1872) Descriptions d’especes nouvelles de carabiques de la tribu des Troncatipennes, et remarques synonymiques. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie (2) 23: 219–221, 241–244.</ref >) and then to ''{{Taxon name|Eucheila}}'' Dejean (Shpeley and Ball 2001<ref name="B75">{{aut|Shpeley D}}, {{aut|Ball G}} (2001) A taxonomic review of the subtribe Pericalina (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini) in the Western Hemisphere, with descriptions of new species and notes about classification and zoogeography. Insecta Mundi 14(1–3)): 1-185.</ref >). As a replacement name, Dejean proposed ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis chevrolatii}}'', using as a voucher specimen a male received from Louis Reiche, labeled “chevrolatii mihi/ atrata Chevrolat/ Mexico, d. Reiche “ <nowiki>[</nowiki>green paper, handwritten<nowiki>]</nowiki>. This specimen is in the Chaudoir/ Oberthür collection, in front of the box label “nigrita Chaudoir” (MNHP). That specimen might have come originally from the Chevrolat collection to Reiche, and then to Dejean (ultimately to Chaudoir). Chaudoir (1837<ref name="B19">{{aut|Chaudoir M}} (1837) Genres nouveaux et espèces nouvelles de coléoptères de la famille des carabiques. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou vol. 10, No. 7, 3–48.</ref >: 8) recorded that he had received specimens from Chevrolat of ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis atrata}}'', which he renamed ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis nigrita}}'', evidently being unaware that Dejean had provided a new name in 1836. These four specimens (3 males, 1 female, each labeled “Ex Musaeo/ Chaudoir” <nowiki>[</nowiki>red print<nowiki>]</nowiki> ), are in front of the box label “nigrita / Chaud./ Mexique/ Cruz Blanca/ Sallé” (MNHP). As demonstrated by similarity in the male genitalia, the male lectotype is conspecific with the Dejean voucher for ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis chevrolatii}}'', and for ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis atrata}}'' Chevrolat.<br />
Authentic specimens of ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis amblygona}}'' Bates and ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis angulifera}}'' Bates were not located in neither The Natural History Museum (London) nor the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris), though they were sought in both of those collections that are known to house the Bates material on which his New World work was based. Bates (1883<ref name="B8">{{aut|Bates H}} (1883) Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelidae supplementa vol. 1, pt. 1, 153–256, pls. vi-xii.</ref >: 187) noted that the features he had originally used to distinguish these two forms were exceedingly variable, even within single populations, citing as an example the series collected at Tehuacan, Mexico. Regarding ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis amblygona}}'', he stated that “even the definition of the form as a variety is impossible”. Possibly, then, he removed the type labels from what were the type specimens of these forms. Bates described two additional varieties of “''{{Taxon name|Cymindis atrata}}''”: ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis atrata ruficornis}}'' and ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis atrata laevior}}''. These are treated below, as separate species.

==Diagnosis==
Adults of ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis chevrolati}}'' (Fig. 30) are distinguishable from those of other species of the ''limbata'' species group through genitalic characters: in males a distinct microtrichial patch ('''mp''') on the basal endophallic lobe ('''bel''') of the endophallus (Figs 34A, 36). This patch can be seen in many males through the cleared phallus with endophallus inverted, located near the apex of the phallus. From the right lateral aspect, an everted sac has the microtrichial patch located on the dorsal surface of the basal lobe of the endophallus. Female genitalia differ from other species in the short, stout form of gonocoxite 2 ('''gc2''') (Fig. 35, A2).

==Description==
With character states of subgenus ''{{Taxon name|Pinacodera}}'' and ''chevrolati'' complex restricted as follows: OBL 10.3 – 13.5 mm. Length (n<nowiki>=</nowiki> 10 males, 10 females): head 1.00 – 1.24, pronotum 1.96 – 2.56, elytra 5.41 – 7.08, metepisternum 1.10 – 1.70 mm; width: head 2.04 – 2.60, pronotum 2.48 – 3.28, elytra 3.83 – 5.16, metepisternum 0.66 – 1.02 mm.<br />
''Body proportions''. HW/HL 1.88 – 2.31; PWM/PL 1.26 – 1.37; EL/EW 1.25- 1.43; ML/MW 1.66 – 2.00.<br />
''Color'' (Fig. 30). Dorsum of head black, rarely rufo-piceous in front of eyes; legs piceous to rufo-piceous.<br />
''Microsculpture''. Elytra with mesh pattern isodiametric, microlines shallow in basal half of elytra and shallow to absent from apical half.<br />
''Macrosculpture and pilosity''. Dorsal punctures with setae present though short and almost not visible at 50× magnification. Ventral surface of head with evenly scattered setigerous punctures (bearing somewhat long setae) from behind eye laterally toward mentum. Pronotum normally with relatively evenly scattered setigerous punctures throughout (Fig. 31A), more densely so toward margins; few specimens with setigerous punctures along margin and few to no punctures on disc (Fig. 31B). Elytral epipleuron glabrous.<br />
''Fixed setae''. Pronotum with two fixed setae along each margin. Four to six setae (typically four) along apical margin of sternum VII (Fig 3).<br />
''Luster''. Elytra glossy in basal two thirds, in some specimens slightly less so in apical third.<br />
''Head'' (Fig. 37B-D). Mental tooth form varied.<br />
''Elytra'' (Fig. 30). Humeri narrowly rounded.<br />
''Hind wings''. Somewhat to markedly reduced (Fig. 39). Length 1.34 – 3.29 mm, mean 2.28 mm.<br />
''Male genitalia''. Phallus (Fig. 34A) length 2.20–2.48 mm. Endophallus with microtrichial patch on basal lobe of everted sac (Fig. 36).<br />
''Female genitalia''. Gonocoxite 2 (gc2) (Fig. 35A) short and stout.

==Collection notes and habitat==
The known elevational range of ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis chevrolati}}'' extends from sea level to 3400 m, though it is important to note that specimens found at or near sea level were collected from the Tres Marias Islands, the immediately adjacent mainland and one other additional record from El Ebano, San Luis Potosi, that may be mislabeled or misinterpreted by me as Ebano, San Luis Potosi. Typically this species is found further inland and at higher elevation, mostly between 2000–3000 m. Specimens were collected under and around woody debris and stones in forests of oak, pine, fir, juniper and alder, in thorn scrub, and in stands of yucca. As well, the species occupies meadow, desert and grassland habitats.

==Geographical distribution==
(Fig. 41) The range of this species is restricted to Mexico, extending in the Sierra Madre Occidental from Chihuahua south to Jalisco, in the Sierra Madre Oriental from central Nuevo Leon south to Hidalgo, and in the Transvolcanic Sierra of central Mexico as far south as central Puebla.

==Morphological affinities==
Based on genitalic characteristics and wing length states (Fig. 40), I postulate that ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis chevrolati}}'' is the closest relative of ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis laevior}}'' + ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis ruficornis}}''.

==Chorological affinities==
''{{Taxon name|Cymindis chevrolati}}'' is sympatric in a portion of its range with ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis laevior}}'' in the southernmost portion of its range (Fig. 41). It is also sympatric with ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis punctigera punctigera}}'' in the La Michilia area of southern Durango.

==Material examined==
I examined 662 specimens: 38 males and 26 females were dissected. For details see University of Alberta Strickland Virtual Entomology Museum Database (University of Alberta 2009<ref name="B77">{{aut|University of Alberta }} (2009) E. H. Strickland Virtual Entomology museum Database. Retrieved August 25, 2009, Web site: [http://www.entomology.museums.ualberta.ca/ http://www.entomology.museums.ualberta.ca/] </ref >).					

==Taxon Treatment==
*{{aut|Hunting, W}}; 2013: A taxonomic revision of the ''Cymindis (Pinacodera) limbata'' species group (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), including description of a new species from Florida, U.S.A. [http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/ ''ZooKeys'',] '''259''': 1-73. {{doi|10.3897/zookeys.259.2970}}

==Other References==

<references />

==Images==
{{Gallery | lines=5 | width=250
|1= File:ZooKeys-259-001-g003.jpg|2= '''Figure 3.''' Structure of a generalized lebiine ground beetle ({{Taxon name|Carabidae}}) A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. Adapted from Lindroth,1969: XII.
|3= File:ZooKeys-259-001-g030.jpg|4= '''Figure 30.''' Dorsal habitus and color pattern of ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis chevrolati}}'' Dejean (OBL 12.00 mm).
|5= File:ZooKeys-259-001-g031.jpg|6= '''Figure 31.''' Pronota, dorsal aspect, of ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis chevrolati}}'' Dejean, showing intrapopulation variation in pronotal punctulation: '''A''', typical, scattered and irregular punctation; '''B''', less common, pronotal disc almost smooth with punctation more visible toward margins.
|7= File:ZooKeys-259-001-g034.jpg|8= '''Figure 34.''' Male genitalia of species of the ''chevrolati'' complex, right lateral aspect, with endophallus everted: '''A''', ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis chevrolati}}'' Dejean; '''B''', ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis laevior}}'' (Bates); '''C''', ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis ruficornis}}'' (Bates). Legend: '''aa''', apical area; '''bel''', basal endophallic lobe; '''bl''', basal lobe; '''ep''', endophallic plate; '''mp''', microtrichial patch; '''s''', shaft.
|9= File:ZooKeys-259-001-g035.jpg|10= '''Figure 35.''' Female reproductive tracts and ovipositors of species of the ''chevrolati'' complex, ventral aspect: '''A''', ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis chevrolati}}'' Dejean; '''A2''', gonocoxite 2 enlarged; '''B''', ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis laevior}}'' (Bates); '''B2''', gonocoxite 2 enlarged; '''C''', ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis ruficornis}}'' (Bates). Legend: '''bc''', bursa copulatrix; '''co''', common oviduct; '''gc1''', gonocoxite 1; '''gc2''', gonocoxite 2; '''lt''', lateral tergite; '''sd''', spermathecal diverticulum; '''sg''', spermathecal gland; '''sgd''', spermathecal gland duct; '''sp''', spermatheca.
|11= File:ZooKeys-259-001-g036.jpg|12= '''Figure 36.''' Dorsal bulb of endophallus of ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis chevrolati}}'' Dejean, showing extremes of intraspecific variation in the dorsal microtrichial patch. Legend: '''bel''', basal endophallic lobe; '''mp''', microtrichial patch.
|13= File:ZooKeys-259-001-g037.jpg|14= '''Figure 37.''' Basal sclerites of labium, ventral aspect, and mental tooth variation in ''chevrolati'' complex: '''A''', submentum and mentum; '''B'''-'''D''', mental tooth of ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis chevrolati}}'' Dejean; '''E'''-'''G''', and ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis laevior}}'' (Bates).
|15= File:ZooKeys-259-001-g039.jpg|16= '''Figure 39.''' Right hindwing of ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis chevrolati}}'' Dejean, dorsal aspect, showing extremes of interpopulation variation: '''A''', markedly atrophied; '''B''', slightly atrophied.
|17= File:ZooKeys-259-001-g040.jpg|18= '''Figure 40.''' Hubbs-Perlmutter diagram illustrating wing length (mm) variation in Mexican state population samples of ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis chevrolati}}'' Dejean, ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis laevior}}'' (Bates), and ''{{Taxon name|Cymindis ruficornis}}'' (Bates). Horizontal lines show mean; vertical lines indicate sample range; white + colored boxes indicate 1.5 standard deviations each side of the mean; and colored boxes indicate 2 standard errors each side of the mean.
|19= File:ZooKeys-259-001-g041.jpg|20= '''Figure 41.''' Map of extreme southeastern Texas, U.S.A. and Mexico north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, showing position of localities for species of the ''chevrolati'' complex.
}}