Difference between revisions of "Mycological teaching diagrams by Meike Piepenbring"
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[[File:03 02 10 c 2c leaf-cutting ants, parasite Escovopsis weberi, conidiophore with conidia, Agaricales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|C 2c leaf-cutting ants, parasite Escovopsis weberi, conidiophore with conidia, Agaricales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 02 10 c 2c leaf-cutting ants, parasite Escovopsis weberi, conidiophore with conidia, Agaricales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|C 2c leaf-cutting ants, parasite Escovopsis weberi, conidiophore with conidia, Agaricales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | C 2c leaf-cutting ants, parasite Escovopsis weberi, conidiophore with conidia, Agaricales Basidiomycota | + | C 2c leaf-cutting ants, parasite ''Escovopsis weberi'', conidiophore with conidia, Agaricales Basidiomycota |
[[File:03 02 10 c 2e termite nest, Termitomyces sp., Termitosphaera sp., Agaricales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|C 2e termite nest, Termitomyces sp., Termitosphaera sp., Agaricales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 02 10 c 2e termite nest, Termitomyces sp., Termitosphaera sp., Agaricales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|C 2e termite nest, Termitomyces sp., Termitosphaera sp., Agaricales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | C 2e termite nest, Termitomyces sp., Termitosphaera sp., Agaricales Basidiomycota | + | C 2e termite nest, ''Termitomyces'' sp., ''Termitosphaera'' sp., Agaricales Basidiomycota |
Diagram on the left hand side based on Heim (1977) and Buyck (1994). | Diagram on the left hand side based on Heim (1977) and Buyck (1994). | ||
| Line 163: | Line 163: | ||
[[File:03 02 10 c 4b hyphae with conidia of Moniliophthora roreri, Agaricales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|C 4b hyphae with conidia of Moniliophthora roreri, Agaricales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 02 10 c 4b hyphae with conidia of Moniliophthora roreri, Agaricales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|C 4b hyphae with conidia of Moniliophthora roreri, Agaricales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | C 4b hyphae with conidia of Moniliophthora roreri, Agaricales Basidiomycota | + | C 4b hyphae with conidia of ''Moniliophthora roreri'', Agaricales Basidiomycota |
| Line 182: | Line 182: | ||
[[File:03 02 10 c 6b Monotropa uniflora, mycoheterotrophic (erroneously called saprotrophic) plant with its fungus in the habitat (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|C 6b Monotropa uniflora, mycoheterotrophic (erroneously called saprotrophic) plant with its fungus in the habitat (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 02 10 c 6b Monotropa uniflora, mycoheterotrophic (erroneously called saprotrophic) plant with its fungus in the habitat (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|C 6b Monotropa uniflora, mycoheterotrophic (erroneously called saprotrophic) plant with its fungus in the habitat (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | C 6b Monotropa uniflora, mycoheterotrophic (erroneously called saprotrophic) plant with its fungus in the habitat | + | C 6b ''Monotropa uniflora'', mycoheterotrophic (erroneously called saprotrophic) plant with its fungus in the habitat |
In collaboration with Ingrid Kottke. | In collaboration with Ingrid Kottke. | ||
| Line 194: | Line 194: | ||
[[File:03 02 16 skeletal hyphae of Lentinus sp., Polyporales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Skeletal hyphae of Lentinus sp., Polyporales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 02 16 skeletal hyphae of Lentinus sp., Polyporales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Skeletal hyphae of Lentinus sp., Polyporales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | Skeletal hyphae of Lentinus sp., Polyporales Basidiomycota | + | Skeletal hyphae of ''Lentinus'' sp., Polyporales Basidiomycota |
[[File:03 02 20 hypha with conidia of Allescheriella crocea, asexual form of Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Hypha with conidia of Allescheriella crocea, asexual form of Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 02 20 hypha with conidia of Allescheriella crocea, asexual form of Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Hypha with conidia of Allescheriella crocea, asexual form of Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | Hypha with conidia of Allescheriella crocea, asexual form of Basidiomycota | + | Hypha with conidia of ''Allescheriella crocea'', asexual form of Basidiomycota |
| Line 229: | Line 229: | ||
[[File:03 02 28 hymenium with basidium and basidiospores of Exidiopsis laccata, Auriculariales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Hymenium with basidium and basidiospores of Exidiopsis laccata, Auriculariales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 02 28 hymenium with basidium and basidiospores of Exidiopsis laccata, Auriculariales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Hymenium with basidium and basidiospores of Exidiopsis laccata, Auriculariales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | Hymenium with basidium and basidiospores of Exidiopsis laccata, Auriculariales Basidiomycota | + | Hymenium with basidium and basidiospores of ''Exidiopsis laccata'', Auriculariales Basidiomycota |
| Line 254: | Line 254: | ||
[[File:03 03 07 life cycle of Ustilago maydis on corn, Ustilaginales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Life cycle of Ustilago maydis on corn, Ustilaginales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 03 07 life cycle of Ustilago maydis on corn, Ustilaginales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Life cycle of Ustilago maydis on corn, Ustilaginales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | Life cycle of Ustilago maydis on corn, Ustilaginales Basidiomycota | + | Life cycle of ''Ustilago maydis'' on corn, Ustilaginales Basidiomycota |
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis | Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis | ||
| Line 263: | Line 263: | ||
[[File:03 03 08 life cycle of Tilletia ayresii on Panicum maximum, Tilletiales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Life cycle of Tilletia ayresii on Panicum maximum, Tilletiales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 03 08 life cycle of Tilletia ayresii on Panicum maximum, Tilletiales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Life cycle of Tilletia ayresii on Panicum maximum, Tilletiales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | Life cycle of Tilletia ayresii on Panicum maximum, Tilletiales Basidiomycota | + | Life cycle of ''Tilletia ayresii'' on ''Panicum maximum'', Tilletiales Basidiomycota |
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis | Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis | ||
| Line 272: | Line 272: | ||
[[File:03 03 11 teliospore ball of Narasimhania alismatis in a leaf of Sagittaria guyanensis, Doassansiales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Teliospore ball of Narasimhania alismatis in a leaf of Sagittaria guyanensis, Doassansiales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 03 11 teliospore ball of Narasimhania alismatis in a leaf of Sagittaria guyanensis, Doassansiales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Teliospore ball of Narasimhania alismatis in a leaf of Sagittaria guyanensis, Doassansiales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | Teliospore ball of Narasimhania alismatis in a leaf of Sagittaria guyanensis, Doassansiales Basidiomycota | + | Teliospore ball of ''Narasimhania alismatis'' in a leaf of ''Sagittaria guyanensis'', Doassansiales Basidiomycota |
[[File:03 03 12 teliospores, a basidium, and dikaryotic cells of Entyloma sp. in a leaf, Entylomatales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Teliospores, a basidium, and dikaryotic cells of Entyloma sp. in a leaf, Entylomatales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 03 12 teliospores, a basidium, and dikaryotic cells of Entyloma sp. in a leaf, Entylomatales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Teliospores, a basidium, and dikaryotic cells of Entyloma sp. in a leaf, Entylomatales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | Teliospores, a basidium, and dikaryotic cells of Entyloma sp. in a leaf, Entylomatales Basidiomycota | + | Teliospores, a basidium, and dikaryotic cells of ''Entyloma'' sp. in a leaf, Entylomatales Basidiomycota |
[[File:03 03 14 basidia of Exobasidium poasanum on Satyria warszewiczii, Exobasidiales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring, published in Nova Hedwigia).png|none|600px|Basidia of Exobasidium poasanum on Satyria warszewiczii, Exobasidiales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring, published in Nova Hedwigia) (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 03 14 basidia of Exobasidium poasanum on Satyria warszewiczii, Exobasidiales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring, published in Nova Hedwigia).png|none|600px|Basidia of Exobasidium poasanum on Satyria warszewiczii, Exobasidiales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring, published in Nova Hedwigia) (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | Basidia of Exobasidium poasanum on Satyria warszewiczii, Exobasidiales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring, published in Nova Hedwigia) | + | Basidia of ''Exobasidium poasanum'' on ''Satyria warszewiczii'', Exobasidiales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring, published in Nova Hedwigia) |
Published in Nova Hedwigia by Piepenbring et al. 2010; reproduced and licensed with permission. | Published in Nova Hedwigia by Piepenbring et al. 2010; reproduced and licensed with permission. | ||
| Line 291: | Line 291: | ||
[[File:03 03 15 fruiting body with elaters and basidia of Graphiola spp., Exobasidiales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Fruiting body with elaters and basidia of Graphiola spp., Exobasidiales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 03 15 fruiting body with elaters and basidia of Graphiola spp., Exobasidiales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Fruiting body with elaters and basidia of Graphiola spp., Exobasidiales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | Fruiting body with elaters and basidia of Graphiola spp., Exobasidiales Basidiomycota | + | Fruiting body with elaters and basidia of ''Graphiola'' spp., Exobasidiales Basidiomycota |
[[File:03 03 16 life cycle of Graphiola phoenicis, Exobasidiales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Life cycle of Graphiola phoenicis, Exobasidiales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 03 16 life cycle of Graphiola phoenicis, Exobasidiales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Life cycle of Graphiola phoenicis, Exobasidiales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | Life cycle of Graphiola phoenicis, Exobasidiales Basidiomycota | + | Life cycle of ''Graphiola phoenicis'', Exobasidiales Basidiomycota |
Based on Cole (1983) and Oberwinkler et al. (1982). | Based on Cole (1983) and Oberwinkler et al. (1982). | ||
| − | Cole, G.T. 1983. Graphiola phoenicis: a taxonomic enigma. Mycologia 75: 93-116. | + | Cole, G.T. 1983. ''Graphiola phoenicis'': a taxonomic enigma. Mycologia 75: 93-116. |
Oberwinkler, F., R.J. Bandoni, P. Blanz, G. Deml & L. Kisimova-Horovitz. 1982. Graphiolales: Basidiomycetes parasitic on palms. Pl. Syst. Evol. 140: 251-277. | Oberwinkler, F., R.J. Bandoni, P. Blanz, G. Deml & L. Kisimova-Horovitz. 1982. Graphiolales: Basidiomycetes parasitic on palms. Pl. Syst. Evol. 140: 251-277. | ||
| Line 311: | Line 311: | ||
[[File:03 03 17 basidia of Kordyana tradescantiae growing out of stomata, mature and young, Exobasidiales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Basidia of Kordyana tradescantiae growing out of stomata, mature and young, Exobasidiales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 03 17 basidia of Kordyana tradescantiae growing out of stomata, mature and young, Exobasidiales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Basidia of Kordyana tradescantiae growing out of stomata, mature and young, Exobasidiales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | Basidia of Kordyana tradescantiae growing out of stomata, mature and young, Exobasidiales Basidiomycota | + | Basidia of ''Kordyana tradescantiae'' growing out of stomata, mature and young, Exobasidiales Basidiomycota |
Published in Nova Hedwigia by Piepenbring et al. (2010); reproduced with permission. | Published in Nova Hedwigia by Piepenbring et al. (2010); reproduced with permission. | ||
| Line 325: | Line 325: | ||
[[File:03 04 05 column of germinating teliospores of Cionothrix praelonga, Pucciniales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Column of germinating teliospores of Cionothrix praelonga, Pucciniales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 04 05 column of germinating teliospores of Cionothrix praelonga, Pucciniales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Column of germinating teliospores of Cionothrix praelonga, Pucciniales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | Column of germinating teliospores of Cionothrix praelonga, Pucciniales Basidiomycota | + | Column of germinating teliospores of ''Cionothrix praelonga'', Pucciniales Basidiomycota |
Modified after unpublished diagrams by Franz Oberwinkler; with permission. | Modified after unpublished diagrams by Franz Oberwinkler; with permission. | ||
| Line 336: | Line 336: | ||
[[File:03 04 06 life cycle of Puccinia graminis on a grass, Pucciniales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Life cycle of Puccinia graminis on a grass, Pucciniales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 04 06 life cycle of Puccinia graminis on a grass, Pucciniales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Life cycle of Puccinia graminis on a grass, Pucciniales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | Life cycle of Puccinia graminis on a grass, Pucciniales Basidiomycota | + | Life cycle of ''Puccinia graminis'' on a grass, Pucciniales Basidiomycota |
[[File:03 04 08 life cycle of Septobasidium sp. on scale insects on bark of a living tree, Septobasidiales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Life cycle of Septobasidium sp. on scale insects on bark of a living tree, Septobasidiales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 04 08 life cycle of Septobasidium sp. on scale insects on bark of a living tree, Septobasidiales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Life cycle of Septobasidium sp. on scale insects on bark of a living tree, Septobasidiales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | Life cycle of Septobasidium sp. on scale insects on bark of a living tree, Septobasidiales Basidiomycota | + | Life cycle of ''Septobasidium'' sp. on scale insects on bark of a living tree, Septobasidiales Basidiomycota |
[[File:03 04 10 fruiting body with basidia of Atractiella delectans, Atractiellales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Fruiting body with basidia of Atractiella delectans, Atractiellales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 04 10 fruiting body with basidia of Atractiella delectans, Atractiellales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Fruiting body with basidia of Atractiella delectans, Atractiellales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | Fruiting body with basidia of Atractiella delectans, Atractiellales Basidiomycota | + | Fruiting body with basidia of ''Atractiella delectans'', Atractiellales Basidiomycota |
[[File:03 04 11 hypha with a conidiogenous cell and a conidium of Hobsonia mirabilis, asexual Atractiellales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Hypha with a conidiogenous cell and a conidium of Hobsonia mirabilis, asexual Atractiellales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | [[File:03 04 11 hypha with a conidiogenous cell and a conidium of Hobsonia mirabilis, asexual Atractiellales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring).png|none|600px|Hypha with a conidiogenous cell and a conidium of Hobsonia mirabilis, asexual Atractiellales Basidiomycota (diagram by M. Piepenbring)]] | ||
| − | Hypha with a conidiogenous cell and a conidium of Hobsonia mirabilis, asexual Atractiellales Basidiomycota | + | Hypha with a conidiogenous cell and a conidium of ''Hobsonia mirabilis'', asexual Atractiellales Basidiomycota |
Revision as of 17:01, 29 January 2012
Contents
Introduction
These diagrams have been created for teaching of mycology and phytopathology. They are shared here in order to extend our knowledge on fungi, especially those living in the tropics.
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Phylogeny of fungi (names in bold), simplified
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Cellular structures of fungi and algae
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Vegetative development starting from a hypha
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Life cycle, generations and nuclear stages
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
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Types of fertilization
Different types of fertilization. Long, red arrows indicate direction of movement. Short red arrows indicate growth by which compatible cells get in contact with each other and fuse. Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
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Groups of Fungi
Modified after unpublished diagrams by Franz Oberwinkler; with permission.
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Divisions of true fungi, Fungi, simplified
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Life cycle with dikaryotic stage, Ascomycota Basidiomycota
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Chitin, Fungi
Basidiomycota
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Phylogeny Basidiomycota
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Developement of clamp connection
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
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Types of basidia
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Discharge of ballistospore
Based on Money (1998), simplified.
Money, N.P. 1998. More g’s than the space shuttle: ballistospore discharge. Mycologia 90: 547-558.
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Development starting from a basidiospore
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Pores in septa of hyphae of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota
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Life cycle Basidiomycota basidium
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
.png)
Types of fruiting bodies, Basidiomycota
Modified after unpublished diagrams by Franz Oberwinkler; with permission.
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Concepts of Agaricales and Polyporales, Basidiomycota
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Connections of a lamella to the stipe, Agaricales Basidiomycota
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Hemiangiocarpic fruiting body, Agaricales Basidiomycota
Modified after diagrams by Yang Zhu-Liang; with permission.
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Life cycle of Agaricus sp., Agaricales Basidiomycota
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
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C 2b leaf-cutting ants, bromatium, Agaricales Basidiomycota
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C 2c leaf-cutting ants, parasite Escovopsis weberi, conidiophore with conidia, Agaricales Basidiomycota
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C 2e termite nest, Termitomyces sp., Termitosphaera sp., Agaricales Basidiomycota
Diagram on the left hand side based on Heim (1977) and Buyck (1994).
Buyck, B. 1994. Ubwoba: les champignons comestibles de l'Ouest du Burundi. Publ. Agric. 34.
Heim, R. 1977. Termites et champignons. Les champignons termitophiles d´Afrique Noire et d´Asie méridionale. Société Nouvelle des Éditions Boubée, Paris.
Drawing on the right hand side based on a drawing by Roland Kirschner, used with permission.
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C 4b hyphae with conidia of Moniliophthora roreri, Agaricales Basidiomycota
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C 5a ectomycorrhizae in their habitat, Boletales Basidiomycota
In collaboration with Ingrid Kottke.
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C 5b ectomycorrhiza anatomy, Basidiomycota
In collaboration with Ingrid Kottke.
_plant_with_its_fungus_in_the_habitat_(M._Piepenbring).png)
C 6b Monotropa uniflora, mycoheterotrophic (erroneously called saprotrophic) plant with its fungus in the habitat
In collaboration with Ingrid Kottke.
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Types of hymenophores of Polyporales, Basidiomycota
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Skeletal hyphae of Lentinus sp., Polyporales Basidiomycota
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Hypha with conidia of Allescheriella crocea, asexual form of Basidiomycota
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Types of fruiting bodies of gasteromycetes, Basidiomycota
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Types of basidia of gasteromycetes, Basidiomycota
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Fruiting bodies of Geastraceae, gasteromycetes, Basidiomycota
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Fruiting bodies of Phallales, gasteromycetes, Basidiomycota
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Classification of Auriculariales and Tremellales, Basidiomycota
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Hymenium with basidium and basidiospores of Exidiopsis laccata, Auriculariales Basidiomycota
_and_closely_related_groups,_Basidiomycota_(M._Piepenbring).png)
Phylogeny of smut fungi (black, bold) and closely related groups, Basidiomycota
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Basidia of smut fungi, Basidiomycota
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Homothallic basidia of smut fungi, Basidiomycota
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Sori of smut fungi, Basidiomycota
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Life cycle of Ustilago maydis on corn, Ustilaginales Basidiomycota
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
.png)
Life cycle of Tilletia ayresii on Panicum maximum, Tilletiales Basidiomycota
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
.png)
Teliospore ball of Narasimhania alismatis in a leaf of Sagittaria guyanensis, Doassansiales Basidiomycota
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Teliospores, a basidium, and dikaryotic cells of Entyloma sp. in a leaf, Entylomatales Basidiomycota
Basidia of Exobasidium poasanum on Satyria warszewiczii, Exobasidiales Basidiomycota (M. Piepenbring, published in Nova Hedwigia)
Published in Nova Hedwigia by Piepenbring et al. 2010; reproduced and licensed with permission.
Piepenbring, M., J. Espinoza, L. Saldaña & O. Cáceres (2010) New records, host plants, morphological and molecular data of Exobasidiales (Basidiomycota) from Panama. Nova Hedwigia 91: 231-242.
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Fruiting body with elaters and basidia of Graphiola spp., Exobasidiales Basidiomycota
.png)
Life cycle of Graphiola phoenicis, Exobasidiales Basidiomycota
Based on Cole (1983) and Oberwinkler et al. (1982).
Cole, G.T. 1983. Graphiola phoenicis: a taxonomic enigma. Mycologia 75: 93-116.
Oberwinkler, F., R.J. Bandoni, P. Blanz, G. Deml & L. Kisimova-Horovitz. 1982. Graphiolales: Basidiomycetes parasitic on palms. Pl. Syst. Evol. 140: 251-277.
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
Basidia of Kordyana tradescantiae growing out of stomata, mature and young, Exobasidiales Basidiomycota
Published in Nova Hedwigia by Piepenbring et al. (2010); reproduced with permission.
Piepenbring, M., J. Espinoza, L. Saldaña & O. Cáceres (2010) New records, host plants, morphological and molecular data of Exobasidiales (Basidiomycota) from Panama. Nova Hedwigia 91: 231-242.
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Teliospores of rust fungi, Pucciniales Basidiomycota
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Column of germinating teliospores of Cionothrix praelonga, Pucciniales Basidiomycota
Modified after unpublished diagrams by Franz Oberwinkler; with permission.
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
.png)
Life cycle of Puccinia graminis on a grass, Pucciniales Basidiomycota
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Life cycle of Septobasidium sp. on scale insects on bark of a living tree, Septobasidiales Basidiomycota
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Fruiting body with basidia of Atractiella delectans, Atractiellales Basidiomycota
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Hypha with a conidiogenous cell and a conidium of Hobsonia mirabilis, asexual Atractiellales Basidiomycota
Ascomycota
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Phylogeny subphyla of Ascomycota
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Life cycle Ascomycota, ascus
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
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Morphological groups, asexual fungi, imperfect fungi
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Types of conidia, asexual fungi, imperfect fungi
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Types of conidiogenesis, asexual fungi, imperfect fungi
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Conidia, Ingoldian Hyphomycetes, staurospores, asexual fungi, imperfect fungi
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Phylogeny, Pezizomycotina
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Fruiting bodies, Ascomycota
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Stilboid fungus, Helotiales, Ascomycota
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Types of asci, Ascomycota
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Morphological groups, orders, Ascomycota
Modified after unpublished diagrams by Franz Oberwinkler; with permission.
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Ascospores, Ascomycota
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Life cycle, Pezizales, Ascomycota
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
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Fruiting bodies, Pezizales, Ascomycota
Modified after unpublished diagrams by Franz Oberwinkler; with permission.
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Arthrobotrys superba, asexual, captura nematodos, Orbiliales, Ascomycota (R. Kirschner)
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Arthrobotrys superba, asexual, nematode trapping, Orbiliales, Ascomycota (R. Kirschner)
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Fruiting bodies, Cyttariales, Helotiales, Leotiales, Ascomycota
Modified after unpublished diagrams by Franz Oberwinkler; with permission.
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Fruiting bodies, Rhytismatales, Ascomycota
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Life cycle, Rhytisma acerinum, Rhytismatales, Ascomycota
Modified after unpublished diagrams by Hou Cheng-Lin; with permission.
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Life cycle, Erysiphales, Ascomycota
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
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Conidiophores, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Eurotiales, Ascomycota
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Life cycle, Neurospora sp., Sordariales, Ascomycota
Based on Webster & Weber (2007), simplified.
Webster, J. & R.W.S. Weber. 2007. Introduction to fungi. Cambridge University Press.
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Classification Hypocreales, Clavicipitales, Clavicipitaceae, Ascomycota
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Fruiting bodies, Hypocreales (without Clavicipitaceae), Ascomycota
Modified after unpublished diagrams by Franz Oberwinkler; with permission.
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Life cycle, Hypocrea sp., Hypocreales, Ascomycota
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
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Fruiting bodies, Clavicipitaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota
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Life cycle, Claviceps purpurea, Clavicipitaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
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C 16b fungi hyperparasitic on insects on plants, Hypocreales, Ascomycota
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Fruiting bodies, Xylariales, Ascomycota
Modified after unpublished diagrams by Franz Oberwinkler; with permission.
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Fruiting bodies, Xylariales, Boliniales, Ascomycota
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Fruiting bodies, ascospores, asexual forms, Xylariales, Ascomycota
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Fruiting bodies, Meliolales, Ascomycota
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Life cycle, Meliolales, Ascomycota
Based on Rodríguez Justavino (2006).
Rodríguez Justavino, D. 2006. Meliolaceae aus Panama. Ph.D. thesis, University of Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
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Fruiting bodies, Phyllachorales, Ascomycota
In collaboration with Tanja Trampe.
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Life cycle, Phyllachorales, Ascomycota
Based on Trampe (2009).
Trampe, T. 2009. Neotropical tarspot fungi – exploration of Phyllachorales in Panama. Ph.D. thesis, University of Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
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Fruiting bodies, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota
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Types of hamathecia, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota
Based on Eriksson (1981).
Eriksson, O. 1981. The families of bitunicate ascomycetes. Opera Botanica 60: 1-209.
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Asexual forms, Mycosphaerella, Mycosphaerellales, Ascomycota
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Life cycle, Mycosphaerella, Mycosphaerellales, Ascomycota
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
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Fruiting body, ascus, ascospore, Myriangium sp., Myriangiales, Ascomycota
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Asexual forms, Hyphomycetes, Pleosporales, Ascomycota
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Asexual forms, Coelomycetes, Pleosporales, Ascomycota
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Fruiting bodies, Asterinaceae, Microthyriales, Ascomycota
Based on Hofmann (2009).
Hofmann, T.A. 2009. Plant parasitic Asterinaceae and Microthyriaceae from the Neotropics (Panama). Ph.D. thesis, University of Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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C 18a proliferation of ascogenous hyphae, normal development, ascus, Ascomycota
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Fruiting body, Antoniomyces loranthicola, Parmulariaceae, Ascomycota
Based on Inácio et al. (2012).
Inácio, C., K. Araúz & M. Piepenbring. 2012. A new genus of Parmulariaceae from Panama. Mycological Progress (published online 2011)
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Life cycle, Laboulbenia sp., Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota
Based on Scheloske (1969).
Scheloske, H.-W. 1969. Beiträge zur Biologie, Ökologie und Systematik der Laboulbeniales (Ascomycetes). Parasitologische Schriftenreihe 19: 1-176.
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
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Systematic groups including yeasts (written in red), Ascomycota, Basidiomycota
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Life cycles of yeasts, Saccharomycetales, Schizosaccharomycetales, Ascomycota
Modified after unpublished diagrams by Franz Oberwinkler; with permission.
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
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Life cycle, Taphrina deformans, Taphrinales, Ascomycota
Modified after unpublished diagrams by Franz Oberwinkler; with permission.
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
Lichens
Organisms forming lichens, Lichenes
Combinations of the most important organisms forming lichens. The triangle indicates that certain ascolichens include green algae and cyanobacteria.
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Interactions green alga (green), fungal hypha, lichen, Lichenes
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Systematic position of lichenized Ascomycota (written in green), Lichenes
Phylogenetic position of lichenized species among Ascomycota (simplified). Names written in green indicate groups of lichens. Names written with green and black letters refer to groups which include lichenized and non-lichenized species.
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Growth forms of lichens, Lichenes
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Anatomy of the thallus, green alga, cyanobacterium, lichen, Lichenes
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Anatomy of the thallus, details, lichens, Lichenes
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Asci and ascospores of lichens, Lichenes
Glomeromycota
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Chlamydospores and siphonal hyphae of a sporocarp, Glomeromycota
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C 19a arbuscular mycorrhiza, Glomeromycota
In collaboration with Ingrid Kottke.
Zygomycota
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Sporangiophores, sporangia, conidia, liberation of spores, Mucorales, Zygomycota
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Zygospores, Mucorales, Zygomycota
Modified after unpublished diagrams by Franz Oberwinkler; with permission.
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Life cycle, Mucor sp., Mucorales, Zygomycota
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
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Conidiogenous cells, conidia, Conidiobolus sp., Zygomycota
Chytridiomycota
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Types of thalli, Chytridiomycota
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Life cycle, Synchytrium endobioticum on potato, Chytridiomycota
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
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Life cycle, asexual, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Chytridiomycota
Based on Longcore et al. (1999).
Longcore, J.E., A.P. Pessier & D.K. Nichols. 1999. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis gen. et sp. nov., a chytrid pathogenic to amphibians. Mycologia 91: 219-227.
Oomycetes
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Phylogeny, simplified, Oomycota
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Asexual structures, Saprolegniales, Oomycota
Based on Gäumann (1964).
Gäumann, E. 1964. Die Pilze, Grundzüge ihrer Entwicklungsgeschichte und Morphologie, 2nd edition. Birkhäuser, Basel, Stuttgart.
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Life cycle, Saprolegnia sp., Saprolegniales, Oomycota
Sorus, sporangia, Albugo sp., Albuginales, Oomycota
Main drawing based on a drawing by Alexandra Riethmüller.
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Sporangiophores, Phytophthora, Pseudoperonospora, Peronosporales, Oomycota
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Asexual structures, Saprolegniales, Albuginales, Peronosporales, Oomycota
Modified after unpublished diagrams by Franz Oberwinkler; with permission.
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Life cycle, Phytophthora infestans on potato, Peronosporales, Oomycota
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
Protistean fungi
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Phylogeny, protistean fungi, slime molds, Myxomycota and other groups
Groups of mucilaginous fungi classified among protists. For orders, only the mycological names are cited. For classes and divisions, zoological names are cited first, and mycological names are added in quotation marks.
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Morphological concepts, orders of Myxomycota
Modified after unpublished diagrams by Franz Oberwinkler; with permission.
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Life cycle, Stemonitis sp., Stemonitales, Myxomycota
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
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Life cycle, asexual, Dictyostelium sp., Dictyosteliales, Myxomycota
Modified after unpublished diagrams by Franz Oberwinkler; with permission.
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
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Life cycle, sexual, Dictyostelium sp., Dictyosteliales, Myxomycota
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
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Life cycle, Plasmodiophora brassicae in cabbage, Plasmodiophoromycetes
Abbreviations: 1n = haploid, P! = plasmogamy, n+n = dikaryotic, K! = karyogamy, 2n = diploid, M! = meiosis
Red and blue circles represent haploid nuclei of different mating types, circles of both colors represent diploid nuclei.
These diagrams are also available in Spanish.
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