Zapatella quercusphellos
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Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Cynipidae
Genus: Zapatella
Name
Zapatella quercusphellos (Osten Sacken) comb. n. – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Cynips quercusphellos Osten Sacken, 1861. Callirhytis quercusphellos (Osten Sacken ) (Burks 1979[1]).
- Cynips quercussimilis Bassett, 1864, syn. n. Callirhytis quercussimilis (Bassett) (Burks 1979[1]).
Material examined
For Cynips quercusphellos: One paratype female:Osten-Sacken coll.; Type (red); Paratype 24684, USNM (red); Cynips quercus-phellos OS from M.C.Z 1921 exchange. One female: Mnt Vernon, Va., 16, 1916, WLMaCtee collector. Callirhytis phellos (OS) det. Weld, 1942 (Weld’s handwriting labels); other female: Alachua Co., Fl., Gainesville, III.27.1924. T.H.Hubbell. Callirhytis quercusphellos (OS) det. Weld, 1925 (Weld’s handwriting label). The two specimens were compared by GM to the Osten Sacken’s cotype, deposited at the USNM (Washington, DC) and obtained by L.H. Weld from the Museum of Comparative Zoology by exchange (Weld 1922b[2]) and they appeared to be identical with that specimen (cotype). For Cynips quercussimilis: Three female and one male paratypes: ‘Waterbury, Ct., H.F.Bassett Coll.; Type; Beut. Coll rec’d 1935’.
Callirhytis (Cynips) quercussimilis (sexual form) was known, inducing stem swelling galls on Quercus incana, Quercus falcata, Quercus ilicifolia Wangenh., Quercus imbricaria Michx., and Quercus myrtifolia along the Atlantic coast, from Florida to New York state (Burks 1979[1]). The galls are club-shaped swellings if they form on terminal twigs, with 1–4 cells (Weld 1959[3]). Green and fleshy galls develop in May, and later turn woody (become lignified). Adults emerge in June to the beginning of July (Bassett 1864[4], Weld 1959[3]).
The author of Callirhytis quercusphellos (Osten Sacken 1861[5]) collected greenish rounded woody swellings at the tip of the twigs of Quercus phellos (L.) in Virginia, near Potomac river in June; four sexual females emerged by the end of June Osten Sacken (1865)[6] mentioned that his species somehow resembles Callirhytis quercussimilis (Bassett), however, differs from it. Dalla Torre and Kieffer (1910)[7] treated them as different species. Weld (1922b)[2] erroneously synonymised Cynips similis Bassett to Callirhytis quercusphellos (O.S.). Later, the two species were treated as different species (Weld 1926[8], 1928[9], 1951[10], 1959[3]; Burks 1979[1]). Weld (1922b)[2] observed galls absolutely similar to those of Zapatella quercusphellos on Quercus falcata, Quercus incana, Quercus texana Buckley, Quercus laurifolia Michx. and Quercus myrtifolia.
Zapatella quercusphellos was collected also at Rosslyn, Virginia from Quercus imbricaria in June and Quercus phellos in May, adults emerged in late June. In both cases the greenish fresh galls were similar terminal enlargements on new growths, inconspicuous, only 5 mm long; after maturation galls were 8–10 mm in diameter (Weld 1926[8]).
A detail examination of specimens of Callirhytis quercusphellos and Callirhytis quercussimilis, mentioned above, showed no appreciable morphological differences and thus, Callirhytis quercussimilis is a syn. n. of Callirhytis quercusphellos and here in the species transferred to the Zapatella genus, Zapatella quercusphellos, comb. n. Females are uniformly dark reddish brown; the notauli are incomplete, extending to half the mesoscutum length, with darker lines reaching the anterior margin of the mesoscutum; the median mesoscutal line extending to 1/2 of the mesoscutum length, further indicated by a dark line only; the prominent part of the ventral spine of the hypopygium is 6.2 times as long as broad ventrally. The male is much darker than the female, with a dark brown head and mesosoma, while the metasoma is slightly lighter (otherwise quite similar to Zapatella grahami). See also the key to Zapatella species.
Only the sexual generation is known. It induces stem swelling galls on Quercus incana, Quercus falcata, Quercus ilicifolia Wangenh., Quercus imbricaria, Quercus myrtifolia and Quercus phellos along the Atlantic coast, from Florida to New York state (Burks 1979[1]).
Taxon Treatment
- Pujade-Villar, J; Hanson, P; Medina, C; Torres, M; Melika, G; 2012: A new genus of oak gallwasps, Zapatella Pujade-Villar & Melika, gen. n., with a description of two new species from the Neotropics (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) ZooKeys, 210: 75-104. doi
Other References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Burks B (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein K Hurd P Smith D Burks B (Eds). Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC: 1045-1107.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Weld L (1922b) Notes on Cynipid Wasps, with descriptions of new North American Species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 61 (18): 1-29.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Weld L (1959) Cynipid galls of the Eastern United States. Ann Arbor, Michigan, privately printed, 124 pp.
- ↑ Bassett H (1864) Descriptions of several new species of Cynips and a new species of Diastrophus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 3: 679-691.
- ↑ Osten Sacken C (1861) On the Cynipidae of the North American oaks and their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 1-3: 47–72.
- ↑ Osten Sacken C (1865) Contributions to the Natural History of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their Galls. Article 4th. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 4: 331-380.
- ↑ Dalla Torre K, Kieffer J (1910) Cynipidae. Das Tierreich, 24. Berlin, Friedlander & Sohn, 891 pp.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Weld L (1926) Field Notes on Gall-inhabiting Cynipid Wasps with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 68 (10): 1-131. doi: 10.5479/si.00963801.68-2611.1
- ↑ Weld L (1928) Cynipidae. In: Leonard L (Ed) Insects of New York. 967–974.
- ↑ Weld L (1951) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Muesebeck, Krombein, Townes et al. (Eds) Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Synoptic Catalogue. US Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Monograph No. 2, 594–654.
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