Tytthus pubescens

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Henry T (2012) Revision of the Plant Bug Genus Tytthus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Phylinae). ZooKeys 220 : 1–114, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2012-09-10, version 27262, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Tytthus_pubescens&oldid=27262 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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@article{Henry2012ZooKeys220,
author = {Henry, Thomas J.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {Revision of the Plant Bug Genus Tytthus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Phylinae)},
year = {2012},
volume = {220},
issue = {},
pages = {1--114},
doi = {10.3897/zookeys.220.2178},
url = {http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/2178/abstract},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2012-09-10, version 27262, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Tytthus_pubescens&oldid=27262 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Revision of the Plant Bug Genus Tytthus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Phylinae)
A1 - Henry T
Y1 - 2012
JF - ZooKeys
JA -
VL - 220
IS -
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.220.2178
SP - 1
EP - 114
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2012-09-10, version 27262, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Tytthus_pubescens&oldid=27262 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/zookeys.220.2178

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

<ref name="Henry2012ZooKeys220">{{Citation
| author = Henry T
| title = Revision of the Plant Bug Genus Tytthus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Phylinae)
| journal = ZooKeys
| year = 2012
| volume = 220
| issue =
| pages = 1--114
| pmid =
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/zookeys.220.2178
| url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/2178/abstract
| pmc =
| accessdate = 2025-04-01

}} Versioned wiki page: 2012-09-10, version 27262, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Tytthus_pubescens&oldid=27262 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Hemiptera
Familia: Miridae
Genus: Tytthus

Name

Tytthus pubescens (Knight) – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

  • Capsus geminus Flor 1860[1]: 464 (orig. descrip.). Preoccupied by Capsus geminus Say, 1832 as noted by Henry and Wheeler 1988: 457.
  • Cyrtorhinus geminus: Reuter 1883[2]: 382 (descrip.); Butler 1923[3]: 480 (biol.); Wagner 1952[4]: 129 (descrip., key).
  • Chlamydatus (Cyrtorhinus) geminus: Reuter 1875b[5]: 126 (descrip.).
  • Cyrtorhinus pubescens Knight 1931[6]: 172 (orig. descrip.). Synonymized by Carvalho and Southwood 1955[7]: 28; resurrected by Henry and Wheeler 1988: 457.
  • Tytthus geminus: Fieber 1864[8]: 83 (comb.); Carvalho and Southwood 1955[7]: 28 (comb., descrip., distr., key); Kiritshenko 1951[9]: 175 (key); Carvalho 1952[10]: 81 (list); Carvalho 1958: 157 (cat.); Kerzhner 1964[11]: 754 (key); Kelton 1980[12]: 303 (descrip.host, distr.).
  • Tytthus geminus form flori Stichel 1956[13]: 271 (orig. descrip.).
  • Tytthus geminus form pallidior Stichel 1956[13]: 271 (orig. descrip.).
  • Tytthus pubescens: Henry and Wheeler 1988: 457 (cat., revised status); Wheeler and Henry 1992: 140 (distr., host); Polhemus 1994[14]: 133 (list); Schuh 1995[15]: 249 (cat.); Scudder 1997[16]: 270 (distr., hosts); Kerzhner and Jovifov 1999: 442 (cat.); Maw et al. 2000[17]: 121 (list); Wachman et al. 2004[18] (note, biol.); Wheeler 2011: 209 (distr., hosts).

Diagnosis

This species is distinguished by the fuscous to black head; brown to black pronotum, often entirely or with only the posterior angles or posterior half whitish to pale brown; the pale yellow to yellowish brown antennal segment I and black segments II–IV; the long, erect setae in both sexes on antennal segment II as long or longer than the diameter of the segment; the uniformly pale, translucent hemelytra; and pale brownish yellow legs. Males of this species are always macropterous (Fig. 38); both macropters (Fig. 39) and brachypters (Fig. 40) are known for females, but brachypters are most common.
This Holoarctic species is superficially similar to another Holarctic species, Tytthus pygmaeus, in general color and size. Tytthus pubescens is readily distinguished by the pale antennal segment I, the long erect and semierect setae on antennal segments I and II, and the often pale humeral pronotal angles.

Description

Macropterous male (n = 10) (Figs 38, 79, 80): Length to apex of hemelytron 2.59–3.01 mm, length to base of cuneus 1.98–2.37 mm, width across hemelytra 0.93–0.96 mm. Head: Length 0.30–0.32 mm, width across eyes 0.64–0.66 mm, interocular width 0.30–0.32 mm. Labium: Length 1.01–1.07 mm. Antenna: Segment I length 0.35–0.38 mm, II 0.88–0.94 mm, III 0.62–0.66 mm, IV 0.56–0.58 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.35–0.40 mm, basal width 0.74–0.78 mm.
Coloration: Head (Figs 81–83): Fuscous to black, with a small, yellow, interocular spot near inner margin of each eye; eyes reddish brown. Labium: Segments I–III pale yellow; segment IV brown. Antenna: Segment I pale yellow; segment II–IV fuscous to black. Pronotum: Uniformly fuscous to black, some specimens brown at posterior angles, others pale brown on posterior half, sometimes with dark brown invading darker anterior half. Mesoscutum and Scutellum: Fuscous to black. Hemelytra: Pale translucent yellow to whitish. Ostiolar evaporative area (Fig. 84): Fuscous to black. Ventral surface: Thorax and abdomen uniformly fuscous to black. Legs: Coxae pale yellow, the bases brown; femora, tibiae, tarsi, and claws (Fig. 86) uniformly pale yellow.
Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Weakly shiny, impunctate; set with relatively long, erect and semierect setae on vertex and frons. Labium: Extending to apices of meso- or bases of metacoxae; segment I extending just past base of head to anterior margin of xyphyus before procoxae. Antenna: Segment I set with rather short, sparse, recumbent setae and two to four or more long, erect, subapical, bristlelike setae; segment II densely set with short, recumbent setae, intermixed with erect and semierect setae mostly subequal in length to diameter of segment. Pronotum: Nearly rectangular; anterior angles rounded; lateral margins straight, only slightly widening to posterior angles; posterior margin straight or only very slightly sinuate; set with relatively long, recumbent and semierect setae. Mesoscutum: Broadly exposed, even in brachypters; with a few scattered, semierect setae. Scutellum: weakly shiny, equilateral; set with relatively long, semierect setae. Hemelytron: Macropterous, subparallel; cuneus and membrane fully developed, extending beyond apex of abdomen; evenly set with recumbent setae.
Male genitalia (Fig. 85): Left paramere (Fig. 171): Right arm broad, widened through middle, tapering to a fine point apically; left arm short, apically pointed. Right paramere (Fig. 172): Elongate oval. Endosoma (Fig. 173): Strongly C-shaped, apically blunt. Phallotheca (Fig. 174): Broad, apically acute.
Macropterous female (n = 10) (Fig. 39): Length to apex of hemelytron 2.66–3.10 mm, length to base of cuneus 1.98–2.24 mm, width across hemelytra 1.06–1.15 mm. Head: Length 0.30–0.32 mm, width across eyes 0.64–0.67 mm, interocular width 0.32–0.34 mm. Labium: Length 1.12–1.15 mm. Antenna: Segment I length 0.29–0.30 mm, II 0.69–0.72 mm, III 0.51–0.54 mm, IV 0.48–0.51 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.35–0.38 mm, basal width 0.82–0.93 mm.
Macropters have normally developed hemelytra that extend well beyond the apex of the abdomen as in males. Out of 63 females examined, only 10 are macropterous.
Brachypterous female (n = 10) (Fig. 40): Length to apex of abdomen 2.34–2.66 mm, length to base of cuneus 2.05–2.11 mm, width across hemelytra 0.94–1.15 mm. Head: Length 0.32–0.34 mm, width 0.67–0.69 mm, interocular width 0.32–0.34 mm. Labium: Length 1.10–1.17 mm. Antenna: Segment I length 0.27–0.32 mm, II 0.75–0.80 mm, III 0.50–0.54 mm, IV 0.45–0.53 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.40–0.42 mm, basal width 0.75–0.83 mm.
Brachypters are broadly rounded, with the cuneus sometimes slightly shortened and membrane greatly reduced and not attaining the apex of the abdomen.

Host

In North America, this species has been collected on Carex sp. (Kelton 1980[12]) and Carex utriculata Boott [Cyperaceae] (Wheeler 2011). It has been taken on rushes, sedges, and grasses in England where it is said to prey on leafhopper eggs (Butler 1923[3], Southwood and Leston 1959[19], Rothschild 1963[20], Wheeler and Henry 1992). Specimens from Arizona were beaten from clumps of deer grass, Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) Hitchc. [Poaceae].

Distribution

This Holarctic species was previously known in North America from Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, Colorado, Newfoundland, New Mexico, Quebec, Saskatchewan, and Yukon Territory (Henry and Wheeler 1988, Wheeler and Henry 1992, Polhemus 1994[14], Maw et al. 2000[17], Wheeler 2011). Arizona is a new state record.
In the Old World, it is known in Asia from Russia (East Siberia, Far East, and West Siberia) and in northern Europe from Austria, Byelorussia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Great Britain, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, Moldavia, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia (Central European and Northern European territories), Slovakia, Sweden (Wheeler and Henry 1992, Kerzhner and Josifov 1999[21]).

Type material examined

Holotype ♀ (brachypterous) of Tytthus pubescens (USNM) UNITED STATES: Colorado: Wray, 4 Aug 1925, H. H. Knight (USNM).

Other specimens examined

CANADA: Alberta: Jasper National Park, Banff-Jasper Highway, 26 Aug 1970 - 28 Aug 1970, L. A. Kelton, Carex sp. (Cyperaceae), 24 ♀♀ (00167011 - 00167034) (CNC). McMurray, 56.73333°N, 111.38333°W, 11 Jul 1953, W. J. Brown, 1 ♀ (00167052) (CNC). British Columbia: Atlin, 59.58333°N, 133.71666°W, 2199 m, 21 Jul 1955, B. A. Gibbard, 1 ♀ (00167051) (CNC); 14 Aug 1955, H. J. Huckel, 2 ♀♀ (00167037, 00167050) (CNC). Pink Mountain, 57.05°N, 122.86666°W, 17 Aug 1982, L. A. Kelton, 1 ♀ (00167141) (AMNH). Pouce Coupe, 55.7167°N, 120.1333°W, 18 Aug 1982, L. A. Kelton, Beckmannia syzigachne (Poaceae), 1 ♂ (00167036) (CNC). Terrace, 54.51241°N, 128.59637°W, 67 m, 27 Jul 1960, collector unknown, 1 ♀ (00166931) (CNC). Ontario: Fergus, 43.7°N, 80.36666°W, 24 Jul 1962, Kelton and Thorpe, 1 ♂ (00167055) (CNC). Quebec: Bonaventure Co., Escuminac, 48.11667°N, 66.48333°W, 2 m, 22 Aug 1983, Larochelle and Lariviere, 2 ♀♀ (00167046, 00167047) (CNC). Lac Mondor, Ste. Flore, 46.61666°N, 72.76666°W, 06 Jul 1951, E. G. Munroe, 1 ♂ (00167010) (CNC). Saskatchewan: Candle Lake, 53.74996°N, 105.25°W, 499 m, 19 Aug 1959, A. and J. Brooks, 1 ♂ (00167008) (CNC). Elbow, 51.11666°N, 106.6°W, 14 Jul 1960, A. R. Brooks, 1 ♂ (00167006) (CNC). Yukon Territory: 58 mi E of Dawson, Gravel Lake, 64.06666°N, 137.49935°W, 625 m, 12 Aug 1962, R. E. Leech, 1 ♀ (00167035) (CNC). Haines Junction, 60.75°N, 137.5°W, 28 Jul 1982, L. A. Kelton, 1 ♂ (00167005), 1 ♀ (00167004) (CNC). Koidern, 61.98333°N, 140.5°W, 24 Jul 1982, L. A. Kelton, 2 ♀♀ (00167038, 00167039) (CNC). Moose Creek, 18 Jul 1982, L. A. Kelton, 1 ♂ (00167009) (CNC). Rancheria, 60.08333°N, 130.6°W, 28 Jul 1982, L. A. Kelton, 1 ♂ (00167007) (CNC). Tagish, 60.3°N, 134.26666°W, 11 Aug 1983, L. A. Kelton, 6 ♀♀ (00167041 - 00167045, 00167053) (CNC). Takhini Hot Springs, 60.85°N, 135.51666°W, 732 m, 19 Aug 1962, R. E. Leech, Betula sp. (Betulaceae), 2 ♂♂ (00167000, 00167001), 2 ♀♀ (00167002, 00167003) (CNC). FINLAND: Lansi-Suomen: Pargas (Parainen), 60.3°N, 22.3°E, V. Jakovlev coll., 1 ♀ (00235128) (ZISP). Raisio, 60.4833°N, 22.1833°E, 28 m, R. Linnavuori, 1 ♀ (00161842) (USNM); Suomi V Raisio, 16 Sep 1947, R. Linnavuori, 2 ♀♀ (BMNH). Lapland: Pisavaara Nature Reserve, 03 Jul 1950, Hakan Lindberg, 1 ♂ (00161847) (USNM); 14 Jul 1950, Hakan Lindberg, 1 ♀ (00167054) (CNC). Southern Finland: Uusimaa Co.: Ekenas, 24 Jul 1936, Hakan Lindberg, 1 ♀ (00161843) (USNM). Helsinki, 19 Aug 1946, Hakan Lindberg, 2 ♀♀ (00167048, 00167049) (CNC). Western Finland: Pargas, 1900, Reuter, 2 ♂♂ (00161845, 00161846), 1 nymph (00161844) (USNM); Pargus J. Sahlberg, Saunders coll., Brit. Mus. 1910-357, 1 ♀ (BMNH). Kiumvesi, 4 Aug. 1951, R. Linnavuori, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMW). RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Kostroma Prov.: Ugory, Manturovskiy Dist., 58.13333°N, 44.35°E, 09 Sep 1983, Veselova, Carex gracilis (Cyperaceae), 3 ♀♀ (00235130) (ZISP). Leningrad Prov.: St.-Petersburg [Petrograd], Novaya Derevnya, 59.98333°N, 30.26666°E, 15 Aug 1924, A. N. Kiritshenko, 2 ♂♂ (00235136), 3 ♀♀ (00235133 - 00235134, 00235136) (ZISP). UNITED KINGDOM: England: Locality unknown Co.: 1800, C. F. Baker, 1 ♂ (00161837) (USNM). UNITED STATES: Alaska: Anchorage Co.: 30 mi NE of Anchorage, 04 Aug 1948, R. I. Sailer, 1 ♂ (00161832), 2 ♀♀ (00161830, 00161831) (USNM). Arizona: Santa Cruz Co.: Audubon Research Ranch, Elgin, Finley Tank, 14 May 2004, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Muhlenbergia rigens (Poaceae), 1 ♂ (00161835), 1 ♀ (00161833), 1 nymph (00161834) (USNM). Colorado: Garfield Co.: Grizzly Creek, 1896, C. F. Baker, 1 ♂ (00161838) (USNM). Larimer Co.: Chambers Lake, 01 Aug 1896, C. F. Baker, 1 ♀ (00161839) (USNM). Mountain Park Campground, Roosevelt National Forest, 40.6825°N, 105.4675°W, 2012 m, 06 Aug 1968, L. A. Kelton, 1 ♀ (00167040) (CNC). Yuma Co.: Wray, 40.07583°N, 102.22278°W, 1128 m, 04 Aug 1925, H. H. Knight, 1 ♂ (00162204) (USNM). ‘Colo’ 2074, 1900, P.R. Uhler Collection, 1 ♀ (00161840) (USNM). Idaho: Idaho Co.: 10.2 mi WSW of Lolo Pass, Powell Pasture, 46.46274°N, 114.89083°W, 1097 m, 22 Jul 1978, N. L. Herman, 1 ♂ (00166051) (AMNH). New Mexico: Sandoval Co.: Valles Caldera National Preserve, East Fork Jemez River, 35.8483°N, 106.49048°W, 20 Aug 2007, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., 1 ♀ (00161836) (USNM); 01 Aug 2008, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Carex utriculata (Cyperaceae), 4 ♂♂ (00162194 - 00162197), 6 ♀♀ (00162188 - 00162193) (USNM). Valles Caldera National Preserve, Main Road at East Jemez River, 35.84826°N, 106.49051°W, 17 Aug 2009 - 18 Aug 2009, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Carex utriculata (Cyperaceae), 4 ♂♂ (00162184 - 00162187) (USNM). Valles Caldera National Preserve, below historic ranch headquarters, 35.86363°N, 106.51681°W, 17 Aug 2009 - 18 Aug 2009, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Carex utriculata (Cyperaceae), 7 ♂♂ (00162177 - 00162183), 13 ♀♀ (00162164 - 00162176) (USNM).

Taxon Treatment

  • Henry, T; 2012: Revision of the Plant Bug Genus Tytthus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Phylinae) ZooKeys, 220: 1-114. doi

Other References

  1. ↑ Flor G (1860) Die Rhynchoten Livlands in systematischer Folge beschrieben. Schultz, Dorpat. 1: 1-826.
  2. ↑ Reuter O (1883) Hemiptera Gymnocerata Europae. Hémiptères Gymnocérates d’Europe, du bassin de la Méditerranée et de l’Asie Russe. III: 313–496. Helsingfors.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Butler E (1923) A Biology of the British Hemiptera Heteroptera. H. F. & G. Witherby, London. viii + 682 pp.
  4. ↑ Wagner E (1952) Blindwanzen oder Miriden. In: Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile . F. Dahl., ed. 41: 1-218. Fischer, Jena.
  5. ↑ Reuter O (1875b) Revisio critica Capsinarum, praecipue Scandinaviae et Fenniae. Försök till de Europäiska Capsinernas naturenliga uppställning jämte Kritisk Öfversigt af de Skandinaviskt-Finska arterna: AkademiskAfhandling: 1–101, 1–190. Helsingfors.
  6. ↑ Knight H (1931) Three new species of Cyrtorhinus from North America (Hemiptera: Miridae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 26: 171-173.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Carvalho J, Southwood T (1955) Revisão do complexo Cyrtorhinus Fieber – Mecomma Fieber (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Miridae). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi 11: 1–72, 25 Figs
  8. ↑ Fieber F (1864) Neuere Entdeckungen in europäischen Hemipteren. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 8(3): 65–86, 205–236, 321–336.
  9. ↑ Kiritshenko A (1951) True bugs of the European part of the USSR (Hemiptera): Key and bibliography. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 42: 1-423 [In Russian].
  10. ↑ Carvalho J (1952) On the major classification of the Miridae (Hemiptera). (With keys to the subfamilies and tribes and a catalogue of the world genera). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 24: 31-110.
  11. ↑ Kerzhner I (1964) Order Hemiptera (Heteroptera)–Terrestrial Families, pp. 684–845. In: GY Bei-Bienko, ed. Vol. 1. Apterygota, Palaeoptera, Hemimetabola. Keys to the Insects of the European USSR (English translation from Russian, 1967, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem).
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Kelton L (1980) The Plant Bugs of the Prairie Provinces of Canada. Heteroptera: Miridae. The Insects and Arachnids of Canada. Part 8. Agriculture Canada Research Publication, No. 1703. Ottawa. 408 pp.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Stichel W (1956) Illustrierte Bestimmungstabellen der Wanzen. Europa (Hemiptera-Heteroptera Europae) 2: 169–480. Stichel, Berlin-Hermsdorf.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Polhemus D (1994) An annotated checklist of the plant bugs of Colorado (Heteroptera: Miridae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 70: 122-147.
  15. ↑ Schuh R (1995) Plant Bugs of the World (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae). Systematic Catalog, Distributions, Host List, and Bibliography. New York Entomological Society, New York. 1329 pp. (http://research.amnh.org/pbi/catalog) [accessed during preparation of ms. through Sept. 2011].
  16. ↑ Scudder G (1997) True bugs (Heteroptera) of the Yukon. Pp. 241–336. In: Danks HV and Downes JA, eds. Insects of the Yukon. Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthopods), Ottawa. 1034 pp.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Maw H, Foottit R, Hamilton K, Scudder, G (2000) Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 220 pp.
  18. ↑ Wachman E, Melber A, Decker J (2004) Wanzen. Band 2, Cimicomorpha, Microphysidae (Flechtenwanzen), Miridae (Weichwanzen). Goechke & Evers, Keltern. 288 pp.
  19. ↑ Southwood T, Leston D (1959) Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles. F. Warne & Co., London. 436 pp.
  20. ↑ Rothschild G (1963) The immature stages and biology of some mirid predators of Delphacidae, with notes on other predatory Heteroptera occurring in Juncus areas. Entomologists Monthly Magazine 99: 157-161.
  21. ↑ Kerzhner I, Josifov M (1999) Cimicomorpha II. Miridae, pp. 1–577. In: Aukema, B and C Rieger, eds. Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Volume 3. Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam.

Images

Figures 35–44. Tytthus spp. 35 Tytthus piceus, macropterous ♂ (South Carolina, Pickens Co., SC Botanical Gardens, Clemson, 28 Aug. 2004, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 36 Tytthus piceus, macropterous ♀ (South Carolina, Pickens Co., SC Botanical Garden, Clemson, 28 Aug. 2004, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 37 Tytthus piceus, brachypterous ♀ (South Carolina, Pickens Co., SC Botanical Gardens, Clemson, 28 Aug. 2004, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 38 Tytthus pubescens, macropterous ♂ (British Colombia, Pouce Coupe, 18 Aug 1982, L. A. Kelton, CNC) 39 Tytthus pubescens, macropterous ♀ (Colorado, [2024], Spicer’s North Park, 18 July 1896, C. F. Baker, USNM) 40 Tytthus pubescens, brachpterous ♀ (Alberta, Banff-Jasper Hwy., Jasper Natl. Pk, 26 and 28 Aug 1970, L. A. Kelton, CNC) 41 Tytthus pygmaeus, macropterous ♂ (dark pronotum) (Alberta, McMurray, 11 July 1993, W. J. Brown, CNC) 42 Tytthus pygmaeus, macropterous ♀ (dark pronotum) (To be added) 43 Tytthus pygmaeus, macropterous ♂ (pale pronotum) (England, Wolvercote, Oxford, 14 July 1968, G. G. E Scudder, CNC) 44 Tytthus pygmaeus ♀ (pale pronotum) (same locality as for ♂).
Figures 35–44. Tytthus spp. 35 Tytthus piceus, macropterous ♂ (South Carolina, Pickens Co., SC Botanical Gardens, Clemson, 28 Aug. 2004, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 36 Tytthus piceus, macropterous ♀ (South Carolina, Pickens Co., SC Botanical Garden, Clemson, 28 Aug. 2004, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 37 Tytthus piceus, brachypterous ♀ (South Carolina, Pickens Co., SC Botanical Gardens, Clemson, 28 Aug. 2004, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., USNM) 38 Tytthus pubescens, macropterous ♂ (British Colombia, Pouce Coupe, 18 Aug 1982, L. A. Kelton, CNC) 39 Tytthus pubescens, macropterous ♀ (Colorado, [2024], Spicer’s North Park, 18 July 1896, C. F. Baker, USNM) 40 Tytthus pubescens, brachpterous ♀ (Alberta, Banff-Jasper Hwy., Jasper Natl. Pk, 26 and 28 Aug 1970, L. A. Kelton, CNC) 41 Tytthus pygmaeus, macropterous ♂ (dark pronotum) (Alberta, McMurray, 11 July 1993, W. J. Brown, CNC) 42 Tytthus pygmaeus, macropterous ♀ (dark pronotum) (To be added) 43 Tytthus pygmaeus, macropterous ♂ (pale pronotum) (England, Wolvercote, Oxford, 14 July 1968, G. G. E Scudder, CNC) 44 Tytthus pygmaeus ♀ (pale pronotum) (same locality as for ♂). 
Figures 79–86. SEM photomicrographs of Tytthus pubescens, male 79 dorsal habitus 80 lateral habitus 81 head and pronotum, dorsal aspect 82 head and pronotum, lateral aspect 83 head, anterior aspect 84 antennal segment II 85 ostiolar evaporative area 86 genital capsule, caudal aspect.
Figures 79–86. SEM photomicrographs of Tytthus pubescens, male 79 dorsal habitus 80 lateral habitus 81 head and pronotum, dorsal aspect 82 head and pronotum, lateral aspect 83 head, anterior aspect 84 antennal segment II 85 ostiolar evaporative area 86 genital capsule, caudal aspect. 
Figures 171–178. Male genitalia 171–174 Tytthus pubescens 171 left paramere 172 right paramere 173 endosoma 174 phallotheca 175–178 Tytthus pygmaeus 175 left paramere 176 right paramere 177 endosoma 178 phallotheca.
Figures 171–178. Male genitalia 171–174 Tytthus pubescens 171 left paramere 172 right paramere 173 endosoma 174 phallotheca 175–178 Tytthus pygmaeus 175 left paramere 176 right paramere 177 endosoma 178 phallotheca. 
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