Taeniogonalos gundlachii
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Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Trigonalidae
Genus: Taeniogonalos
Name
Taeniogonalos gundlachii (Cresson) – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Trigonalys Gundlachii Cresson 1865[1]: 10.
- Trigonalys (Lycogaster) costalis Cresson 1867[2]: 352.
- Trigonalis sulcatus Davis 1898[3]: 349
Discussion
This species is noted here because Costa Rican specimens of Taeniogonalos have been previously identified as belonging to this species. Carmean and Kimsey (1998)[4] regarded Taeniogonalos gundlachii as a widespread, color-variable species occurring from Canada to Central America. They stated that “Specimens of ‘Taeniogonalos costalis’ from North and Central America have less extensive yellow markings than Taeniogonalos gundlachii from Cuba, but specimens from Florida are intermediate.” All specimens we have seen from Costa Rica are Taeniogonalos woodorum and Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis, both of which are separated from Taeniogonalos gundlachii of North America by morphology and DNA barcoding.
The color of Taeniogonalos gundlachii (Figs 15–17) is very similar to Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis (Figs 8–10) from Costa Rica, but we noted several morphological differences which appear consistent in specimens examined: lobes on female armature on sternum 2 in ventral view much longer and central emargination deeper (Fig. 18) than in Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis (Fig. 12); female armature in lateral view more rounded, and slightly protruding ventrally (Fig. 17) than the squared appearance in Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis (Fig. 11); male paramere slightly indented dorsally (Fig. 19) rather than straight in Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis (Fig. 13).
Specimens from the northern parts of the range of Taeniogonalos gundlachii, northeastern United States and Canada, are relatively uniform in color, black with yellow maculation as in Figs 15–17. Specimens from Cuba, Florida, Louisiana, and Texas have a broader yellow band on the inner and outer orbits; legs all yellow with only coxae black; male with one yellow band on the metasoma, and female with 3–4 yellow bands. We have not seen specimens from the area between Texas and Guerrero, Mexico, and have seen only the type of Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis from Mexico and one specimen from El Salvador which appears to be Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis.
It is not our intent here to resolve the entire taxonomic problem and there is not enough material available from Cuba and intermediate ranges. Therefore, we continue to apply the name Taeniogonalos gundlachii to the specimens from Canada to Cuba, while suspecting that those from Canada and eastern U. S. eventually will again be called Taeniogonalos costalis. Though we cannot deny the possible presence of Taeniogonalos gundlachii in Costa Rica, the ACG dry forest specimens reared in this study are different from those from North America, and thus we refer them to Taeniogonalos fasciatipennis.
The DNA barcode for specimens from Virginia, West Virginia, and Mississippi is 8.6% divergent from Taeniogonalos woodorum and 7.49–7.75% divergent from Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ02 and Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ01, respectively.
Distribution
Canada to Cuba, and west to Wisconsin and Texas.
Specimens examined
200+; 25 DNA barcoded. Deposited in USNM.
Hosts and biology
See Smith 1996[5], Carmean and Kimsey 1998[4], and Krauth and Williams 2006[6].
Taxon Treatment
- Smith, D; Janzen, D; Hallwachs, W; Smith, M; 2012: Hyperparasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Trigonalidae) reared from dry forest and rain forest caterpillars of Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 29: 119-144. doi
Other References
- ↑ Cresson E (1865) On the Hymenoptera of Cuba. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 4: 1-200.
- ↑ Cresson E (1867) Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America, north of Mexico, together with a catalogue of the described species and bibliography. Transactions of the American Entomological Society Suppl. 14: 1-350.
- ↑ Davis G (1898 [1897]) Descriptions of new species of Trigonalidae, Stephanidae, and Ichneumonidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 24: 349–372.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Carmean D, Kimsey L (1998) Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 23: 35-76. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x
- ↑ Smith D (1996) Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera) in the eastern United States: Seasonal flight activity, distributions, hosts. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98: 109-118.
- ↑ Krauth S, Williams A (2006) Notes on Taeniogonalos gundlachii (Hymenoptera: Trigonalidae) from Wisconsin. The Great Lakes Entomologist 39: 54-58.
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