Pialea

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Schlinger E, Gillung J, Borkent C (2013) New spider flies from the Neotropical Region (Diptera, Acroceridae) with a key to New World genera. ZooKeys 270 : 59–93, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2013-02-18, version 31188, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Pialea&oldid=31188 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

Citation formats to copy and paste

BibTeX:

@article{Schlinger2013ZooKeys270,
author = {Schlinger, Evert I. AND Gillung, Jessica P. AND Borkent, Christopher J.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {New spider flies from the Neotropical Region (Diptera, Acroceridae) with a key to New World genera},
year = {2013},
volume = {270},
issue = {},
pages = {59--93},
doi = {10.3897/zookeys.270.4476},
url = {http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/4476/abstract},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2013-02-18, version 31188, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Pialea&oldid=31188 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

RIS/ Endnote:

TY - JOUR
T1 - New spider flies from the Neotropical Region (Diptera, Acroceridae) with a key to New World genera
A1 - Schlinger E
A1 - Gillung J
A1 - Borkent C
Y1 - 2013
JF - ZooKeys
JA -
VL - 270
IS -
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.270.4476
SP - 59
EP - 93
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2013-02-18, version 31188, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Pialea&oldid=31188 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/zookeys.270.4476

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

<ref name="Schlinger2013ZooKeys270">{{Citation
| author = Schlinger E, Gillung J, Borkent C
| title = New spider flies from the Neotropical Region (Diptera, Acroceridae) with a key to New World genera
| journal = ZooKeys
| year = 2013
| volume = 270
| issue =
| pages = 59--93
| pmid =
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/zookeys.270.4476
| url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/4476/abstract
| pmc =
| accessdate = 2024-12-22

}} Versioned wiki page: 2013-02-18, version 31188, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Pialea&oldid=31188 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Diptera
Familia: Acroceridae

Name

Pialea Erichson, 1840 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

Diagnosis

Body shape not arched; coloration non-metallic. Head width much narrower than thorax width; hemispherical; ocellar tubercle shape raised, rounded, two ocelli present, anterior ocellus absent; postocular ridge and occiput rounded; posterior margin of eye rounded; eyes densely pilose; not contiguous above antennal base, rarely contiguous below; palpus absent; proboscis length greatly reduced, with sparse pile; antennae located on middle of frons, either nearer to ocellar tubercle or to mouthparts; flagellum elongate, slightly tapered or paddle-shaped; apex with terminal setae present or absent; scapes fused; postpronotal lobes not enlarged or contiguous medially; antepronotum narrow; subscutellum barely visible beneath scutellum; legs not elongated; tibial spines present apically; pulvilli present; wing markings and microtrichia absent; costal vein ending near wing apex; costal margin straight; humeral crossvein absent; radial veins straight; R1 not inflated distally; R4+5 originating at apex of basal cell r4+5 and then forking into veins R4 and R5 (Fig. 36); crossvein 2r-m present between M1 and R4+5, bisecting cell r4+5; cell formed by 2r-m narrow, elongate; R4 without spur vein; M1, M2 and M3 present (M3 fused with CuA1), rarely one M vein or two M veins present, all typically reaching wing margin; discal cell closed; cell m3 present, CuA1 joining M3 and running towards margin; CuA2 fused to A1 before wing margin and running towards margin; anal lobe well developed; alula weakly developed; abdomen greatly rounded, inflated; tergites smooth, rounded.

Comments

Pialea is a relatively rare South American genus that comprises four species described from Brazil and another one described from Ecuador. The genus was described by Erichson (1840) for his new species Pialea lomata from Brazil. Later, Westwood (1876) named a second species, Pialea lutescens, also from Brazil. Two more species from the Oriental Region were later described in this genus, Pialea jardinei and Pialea auripila (Brunetti 1912[1]), but they were subsequently transferred to Astomella Latreille, 1809and Astomelloides Schlinger, 1959, respectively (Schlinger 1956[2], 1959). Schlinger (1956)[2] revised the genus and described three more species, Pialea antiqua, Pialea capitella and Pialea ecuadoriensis. Pialea is presumably closely related to Stenopialea Speiser, 1920 (a South African endemic genus) and Archipialea Schlinger, 1973 (Chile) based on antennal and wing characters (Schlinger 1973; Barraclough 1985). Pialea are characterized by the fusion of the scapes and the dichoptic eyes (except in Pialea capitella). Species in this genus also show strong sexual dimorphism in the length, insertion and shape of the antennae, the length of the abdomen and the color and maculation of the body.

Key to species of Pialea

Key to species of Pialea — E. Schlinger , J. Gillung , C. Borkent
1
M1 present 
  2
–
M1 absent 
  4
2. (1)
Tibia and first tarsomere of hind leg greatly swollen (Figs 20, 22), twice as wide as the second tarsomere; additional r-m crossvein (2r-m) present (Fig. 23) (W. Venezuela) 
  Pialea corbiculata Schlinger, sp. n.
–
Tibia and first tarsomere of hind leg not swollen (Figs 16, 35), almost as wide as the second tarsomere; additional r-m crossvein (2r-m) absent (Figs 19, 28) 
  3
3. (2)
Ocellar tubercle raised; thorax yellow with two longitudinal black stripes (Brazil) 
  Pialea lutescens Westwood, 1876
–
Ocellar tubercle not raised; thorax brown, without stripes (Figs 31–34) (Brazil) 
  Pialea antiqua Schlinger, 1956
4. (1)
R2+3 complete, reaching wing margin (Fig. 36) (Brazil) 
  Pialea lomata Erichson, 1840
–
R2+3 incomplete, not reaching wing margin (Fig. 19) 
  5
5. (4)
Eyes holoptic below antennae (Brazil) 
  Pialea capitella Schlinger, 1956
–
Eyes separated below antennae 
  6
6. (5)
M2 absent; antennae inserted on the top of the head in male (i.e., Fig. 34) or middle of head in female (i.e. Fig. 33) (Ecuador) 
  Pialea ecuadorensis Schlinger, 1956
–
M2 present (Fig. 19); antennae inserted in the middle of the head (only known from female) (Fig. 18) (W. Venezuela) 
  Pialea brunea Schlinger, sp. n.

Taxon Treatment

  • Schlinger, E; Gillung, J; Borkent, C; 2013: New spider flies from the Neotropical Region (Diptera, Acroceridae) with a key to New World genera ZooKeys, 270: 59-93. doi

Other References

  1. ↑ Brunetti E (1912) New oriental Diptera. Records of the Indian Museum 7 (5): 472-475.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Schlinger E (1956) A revision of the acrocerid flies of the genus Pialea Erichson with a discussion of their sexual dimorphism (Diptera). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 106: 359-375. doi: 10.5479/si.00963801.106-3373.359

Images

Figure 16. Pialea brunea Schlinger sp. n., female holotype, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 16. Pialea brunea Schlinger sp. n., female holotype, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 
Figure 18. Pialea brunea Schlinger sp. n., female, head, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 18. Pialea brunea Schlinger sp. n., female, head, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 
Figure 19. Pialea brunea Schlinger sp. n., wing. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 19. Pialea brunea Schlinger sp. n., wing. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 
Figure 20. Pialea corbiculata Schlinger sp. n., male holotype, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 20. Pialea corbiculata Schlinger sp. n., male holotype, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 
Figure 22. Pialea corbiculata Schlinger sp. n., male holotype, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 22. Pialea corbiculata Schlinger sp. n., male holotype, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 
Figure 23. Pialea corbiculata Schlinger sp. n., wing. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 23. Pialea corbiculata Schlinger sp. n., wing. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 
Figure 28. Pialea antiqua Schlinger, 1956, female, wing. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 28. Pialea antiqua Schlinger, 1956, female, wing. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 
Figure 31. Pialea antiqua Schlinger, 1956, head, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Figure 31. Pialea antiqua Schlinger, 1956, head, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 
Figure 32. Pialea antiqua Schlinger, 1956, male, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 32. Pialea antiqua Schlinger, 1956, male, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 
Figure 33. Pialea antiqua Schlinger, 1956, female, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 33. Pialea antiqua Schlinger, 1956, female, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 
Figure 34. Pialea antiqua Schlinger, 1956, male, head, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 34. Pialea antiqua Schlinger, 1956, male, head, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 
Figure 35. Pialea lomata Erichson, 1840, male, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 35. Pialea lomata Erichson, 1840, male, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 
Figure 36. Pialea lomata Erichson, 1840, wing. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 36. Pialea lomata Erichson, 1840, wing. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 
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