Orcula
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Familia: Orculidae
Name
Orcula Held 1837 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Orcula Held, Isis: 919. (1837)
Type species
Pupa dolium Draparnaud 1801[1], by subsequent designation Gray: 1847: 176.
Diagnosis
Shell yellowish–greenish to dark brown; cylindrical to conical and elongated; 8–10 weakly convex whorls; sculpture of first 0.5–1.0 protoconch whorl usually smooth, but may be of fine spiral lines, which may be extremely weak; teleoconch axial sculpture variable, ranging from irregular growth lines to equally spaced, conspicuous radial structure; apertural barriers: one parietal and 1–3 columellar lamellae; palatal side of the aperture smooth or with strong tooth or thickening parallel to the apertural lip; parietal callus weak, subangularis sometimes present; palatalis plicae missing.
Penis cylindrical, penial caecum of variable length and shape; penial appendix absent; interior of penis, epiphallus and caecum with longitudinal folds; retractor muscle attaches to the penis-epiphallus junction on the opposite side of the penial caecum; diverticulum absent; distal part of vas deferens sometimes slightly swollen, entering epiphallus terminally; bursa copulatrix long, club-like.
Habitat
Orcula species occur in humid limestone areas, usually forests, or rocky boulder fields at high altitudes. Animals live under stones, leaf litter or decaying wood, or at the base of large rocks.
Remarks
Detailed anatomical and conchological diagnoses were provided by Gittenberger (1978)[2] and Schileyko (1998)[3]. According to Hausdorf (1996)[4], the genera Orcula, Orculella Steenberg 1925[5] and Schileykula Gittenberger 1983[6] cannot be distinguished from each other based on conchological characters alone.
Some African genera, such as Fauxulus Schaufuss, Fauxulella Pilsbry and Anisoloma Ancey have very similar genital tracts but usually possess sinistral shells with several apertural lamellae and denticles (see Schileyko 1998[3], 2012[7]).
In general, species of Schileykula and Orculella usually inhabit dry limestone areas in the Mediterranean. The only exceptions known are the closely related Orculella bulgarica (Hesse) and Orculella aragonica (Westerlund) which both prefer very humid, marshy stream banks (Garrido et al. 2005[8], Arrébola et al. 2012[9]).
Taxon Treatment
- Páll-Gergely, B; Deli, T; Irikov, A; Harl, J; 2013: Subgeneric division of the genus Orcula Held 1837 with remarks on Romanian orculid data (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orculidae) ZooKeys, 301: 25-49. doi
Other References
- ↑ Draparnaud J (1801) Tableau des Mollusques Terrestres et Fluviatiles de la France. Renaud; Bossange, Masson & Besson, Montpellier, Paris, 116 pp. http://biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90698#page/11/mode/1up
- ↑ Gittenberger E (1978) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Pupillacea VIII. Einiges über Orculidae. Zoologische Verhandelingen 163: 1–44. http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149053
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Schileyko A (1998) Treatise on Recent Terrestrial Pulmonate Molluscs 1. Achatinellidae, Amastridae, Orculidae, Strobilopsidae, Spelaeodiscidae, Valloniidae, Cochlicopidae, Pupillidae, Chondrinidae, Pyramidulidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2: 1-127.
- ↑ Hausdorf B (1996) Die Orculidae Asiens (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Archiv fur Molluskenkunde125 (1/2): 1–86.
- ↑ Steenberg C (1925) Etudes sur l’anatomie et la systématique des maillots (fam. Pupillidae s. lat.). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København 80: 1-215.
- ↑ Gittenberger E (1983) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Pupillacea. IX. Nochmals über Orculidae. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen., (C) 86 (3): 325–342.
- ↑ Schileyko A (2012) On the anatomy of Orculidae with special reference to the spermatophores (Gastropoda Pulmonata, Stylommatophora). Ruthenica, 22 (2): 141–158. http://www.ruthenica.com/documents/Vol22_Schileyko_141-158.pdf
- ↑ Garrido, J, Arrébola, J, Bertrand, M (2005) : Extant populations of Orculella bulgarica (Hesse, 1915) in Iberia. Journal of Conchology 38 (6): 653–662. http://www.conchsoc.org/node/4754
- ↑ Arrébola J, Razkin O, Gómez-Moliner B, Páll-Gergely B (2012) Redescription of Orculella aragonica (Westerlund 1897), an Iberian species different from O. bulgarica (Hesse 1915) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Orculidae). North-Western Journal of Zoology 8 (2): 292–299. http://biozoojournals.3x.ro/nwjz/content/v8n2/nwjz.121126.Arrebola.pdf
