Trichosiopsis subspinulosa

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Diptera
Familia: Sciaridae
Genus: Trichosiopsis

Name

Trichosiopsis subspinulosa (Edwards, 1925) – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link

  • Sciara subspinulosa Edwards, 1925: 847-849[1]

Type material

Holotype ♂, in BMNH, 28.05.1919, leg. Edwards.

Type locality

Arran, Sannox, Scotland, Great Britain

Additional material examined

Austria: 1 ♂, Gesäuse Nationalpark, Zigeunerbrunn Quellstube, Haseke & Remschak, 05.05.2009, PKHH 7532; Germany: 1 ♂, Baden-Württemberg, Bad Rotenfels, Bannwald Birkenkopf, Malaise trap, Doczkal, 3.-17.05.2003, PKHH 7698; 1 ♂, Bavaria, Mittenwald, Karwendel mountains, Schacht, 20.06.2000, ZSMC 521 [as Leptosciarella rejecta in Rudzinski (2006[2]: 445)]; 1 ♂, Sonthofen, Hinang, waterfalls, sweep netting, Heller, 26.05.2004, SDEI 4184; Russia: 2 ♂, Krasnodarskiy Krai, Antonova, 19.06.1967, PWMP 1739, 1740; Switzerland: 1 ♂, Zurich, Sihlwald, photoeclector, Schiegg, 25.4.-23.05.1996, PKHH 2479; 1 ♂, 24.5.-19.06.1996, PKHH 2422; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 12.-23.05.1996, PKHH 1544; Sweden: 1 ♂, Skåne, Skäralid, northern Lierna; Deschampsia flexuosa beech forest, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 10.-11.06.2004, NHRS 2929; 1 ♂, Småland, Bäckebo, Grytsjöns naurreservat, Old aspen forest in boulder terrain, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 18.5.-15.06.2006, PKHH 6785, NHRS 2952; 2 ♂, Grytsjöns naurreservat, Old moisty haymaking meadow in forest edge, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, PKHH 6821, NHRS 2952; 2 ♂, Ångermanland, Skuleskogen National Park, Langra: brook ravine in mixed forest, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 28.6.-05.07.2004, PKHH 7487; 2 ♂, 24.7.-12.09.2005, NHRS 3701, 3702; 1 ♂, 5.-25.07.2004, NHRS 3813; 3 ♂, Östergötland, Omberg, Östergötlands län, Storpissan: old Norway spruce wood, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 28.5.-05.07.2005, NHRS 2041, 3568, PKHH 6582; Ukraine: 1 ♂, Kvasy, mixed forest, sweep netting, Mamaev, 07.06.1963, PWMP 1742; 1 ♂, 27.06.1963, PWMP 1744 [as Leptosciarella pilosa[3]].

Description (male)

Head. Eye bridge 5 rows of facets. LW-index of 4th antennal flagellar segment 1.9–2.3; neck 0.15–0.25 of segment width; Transition of basal part to neck pronounced. Antennal hairs shorter than segment width; dense; salient. Palps darkened; normal, or long; palpomeres 3. First palpomere elongate; with 3–4 bristles; with only some sparse sensillae. Second palpomere elongate. Third palpomere as long as first segment. Thorax. Colour brown. Notum unicolorous. Thoracic setae normal; dark. Mesonotum with some weaker central bristles. Posterior pronotum setose. Postpronotal setae 1–2; strong, or fine. Laterotergite bare. Legs. Colour yellow. Hind coxae of same colour as femora, or darkened. Hairs on fore coxae bright. Frontal tibia with a patch of setae. Front tibial organ dark. Front tibial organ not bordered. Tibial setae on hind legs normal, shorter than tibial width. Tibial spurs of equal length. Claws untoothed. Wings. Wings slightly darkened; of normal shape. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. Wing venation weak, with faint m-base. M-fork of normal shape. R1 inserting at or slightly before base of m-fork; posterior veins with macrotrichia; stM with a few macrotrichia; cuA1 and cuA2 mainly with macrotrichia; bM bare; r-m with a few setae; bM:r-M 0.6–0.8; st-Cu:bM 0.7–0.85; r1:r 1.2–1.4; C:w 0.55–0.7. Halteres dark; of normal length. Abdomen. Abdominal setae strong and dense; dorsally dark; ventrally dark. Hypopygium concolour with abdomen; Length/Width 0.6–0.7 longer than wide. Base of gonocoxites with normal, weak hairs; gonocoxites broadly separated, or narrowly separated; inner margin of gonocoxites normally U-shaped; inner part of hypopygium scarcely setose; elongated setae on valves of hypopygium absent. Gonostylus elongate; 2.8–3 × longer than wide; Inner margin concave; apex equally rounded. Apical tooth present; 2.2–2.5 × longer than broad; weak. Awl-like setae short; below apex numerous, reaching far beyond the tooth. Megasetae on inner part of gonostylus absent. Tegmen 0.7–0.85 × longer than broad; equally rounded, or rectangular with rounded edges; normal; Central process absent. Length of aedeagus/hypopygium 25–33 %; Aeadeagal apical structure absent. Measurements. Body size 2.9–3.5 mm. Wing length 2.8–4 mm.

Diagnosis

Trichosiopsis subspinulosa is most similar to Trichosiopsis pilosa. Both species are distinct because of some constant differences. The gonostyli are more parallel and apically more rounded in Tr. subspinulosa than in Tr. pilosa. Both species have a lobe-like extension ventrally of the apical tooth, bearing awl-like setae. This lobe is still more distinctive in Tr. subspinulosa. Here the awl-like setae are also extending more basally on the inner side of the gonostyli than in Tr. pilosa, nearly down to the middle. The most striking difference are the setae on the fore coxae, which are brightened in Tr. subspinulosa but dark and conspicuously strong in Tr. pilosa.

DNA Barcoding

The COI sequence is assigned to BIN BOLD:ACS7669 (average distance 0.11%, max. 0.31%, n=7, K2P: 8.07%).

Etymology

lat. sub = under, spina = spine; referring to the subapical awl-like megasetae on the inner side of the gonostylus.

Ecology

Not known in detail, mainly found in forests.

Discussion

Trichosiopsis subspinulosa was considered to be a synonym of Trichosiopsis pilosa by Mohrig & Menzel (1997: 226)[3]. Chandler et al. (2002; 123-124)[4] reinstated the species status, which was again disputed by Menzel et al. (2006: 100-101)[5]. Heller et al. (2009: 41)[6] once again treated it as a valid species, which was confirmed by DNA barcoding.

Distribution

Austria, Finland[7], Germany[8][9], Great Britain[1][4], Ireland[4], Norway[10], Sweden[6], Russia, Ukraine.

Images

Figure 1. Trichosiopsis subspinulosa male, habitus without hypopygium, scale 1 mm
Figure 1. Trichosiopsis subspinulosa male, habitus without hypopygium, scale 1 mm 
Figure 2. Trichosiopsis subspinulosa male, hypopygium, scale 0.1 mm
Figure 2. Trichosiopsis subspinulosa male, hypopygium, scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 3. Trichosiopsis subspinulosa male, gonostylus, scale 0.1 mm
Figure 3. Trichosiopsis subspinulosa male, gonostylus, scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 4. Trichosiopsis subspinulosa male, aedeagal complex, scale 0.1 mm
Figure 4. Trichosiopsis subspinulosa male, aedeagal complex, scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 5. Trichosiopsis subspinulosa male, 4th antennal flagellar segment, scale 0.1 mm
Figure 5. Trichosiopsis subspinulosa male, 4th antennal flagellar segment, scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 6. Trichosiopsis subspinulosa male, wing, scale 1 mm
Figure 6. Trichosiopsis subspinulosa male, wing, scale 1 mm 

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Edwards, F.W. 1925: XXII. British fungus-gnats (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). With a revised generic classification of the family. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1925(3-4), 505–670.
  2. ↑ Rudzinski, H.-G. 2006: Neue Trauermücken-Arten aus Bayern und eine erweiterte Bestandsaufnahme der aus Bayern bekannten Arten (Diptera: Sciaridae). Entomofauna, 27, 433-447.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Mohrig, W.; Menzel, F. 1997: Revision der paläarktischen Arten von Trichosia Winnertz sensu Tuomikoski, 1960 (Diptera, Sciaridae). – Teil II. Gattungen Leptosciarella Tuomikoski, 1960 und Trichodapus gen. nov. Studia dipterologica, 4(1), 41–98.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Chandler, P.; O’Connor, J.P.; Nash, R.; Withers, P. 2002: Diptera new to Ireland in seventeen families. Dipterists Digest (Second Series), 9(2), 121–136.
  5. ↑ Menzel, F.; Smith, J.E.; Chandler, P. 2006: The sciarid fauna of the British Isles (Diptera: Sciaridae), including descriptions of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 146, 1-147. PDF
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Heller, K.; Vilkamaa, P.; Hippa, H. 2009: An annotated check list of Swedish black fungus gnats (Diptera, Sciaridae). Sahlbergia, 15(1), 23-51.
  7. ↑ Vilkamaa, P.; Heller, K.; Hippa, H. 2013: New species of Sciaridae (Diptera) to the Finnish fauna. Sahlbergia, 19(1–2), 20–29.
  8. ↑ Kröber, O. 1938: I. Nachtrag zur Dipterenfauna Schleswig-Holsteins. Verhandlungen des Vereins für naturwissenschaftliche Heimatforschung zu Hamburg, 26, 85–93.
  9. ↑ Heller, K.; Menzel, F. 2011: Ergänzungen und Korrekturen zur Checkliste der Sciaridae (Diptera: Sciaroidea) Schleswig-Holsteins, Deutschland. Studia dipterologica, 17(1-2), 109–112.
  10. ↑ GBIF Trichosiopsis subspinulosa
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