Cimoliopterus cuvieri
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Ordo: Pterosauria
Familia: Pteranodontoidea
Genus: Cimoliopterus
Name
Cimoliopterus cuvieri (Bowerbank, 1851) comb. n. – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Pterodactylus cuvieri Bowerbank: Bowerbank 1851[1]: p. 15, pl.IV
- Pterodactylus cuvieri Bowerbank: Owen 1851b[2]: p. 29
- Pterodactylus cuvieri Bowerbank: Owen 1851a[3]: p. 88, pl. XXVIII, fig. 1–7
- “Ptenodactylus” MARK123 Ptenodactylus cuvieri (Bowerbank): Seeley 1869[4]: p. xvi [disclaimed]
- Ornithocheirus cuvieri (Bowerbank): Seeley 1870[5]: p. 113
- Coloborhynchus cuvieri (Bowerbank): Owen 1874[6]: p. 6
- Ornithochirus [sic] MARK123 Ornithochirus cuvieri (Bowerbank): Lydekker 1888[7]: p. 12
- Ornithocheirus cuvieri (Bowerbank): Hooley 1914[8]: p. 535
- Ornithocheirus cuvieri (Bowerbank): Arthaber 1922[9]: p. 16, fig. 6
- Ornithocheirus cuvieri (Bowerbank): Wellnhofer 1978[10]: p. 56, fig. 28
- Anhanguera cuvieri (Bowerbank): Unwin 2001[11]: p. 208, table 1
Holotype
NHMUK PV 39409, anterior portion of the rostrum (Fig. 11A–D).
Type locality
Burham, Kent, England.
Type horizon
Chalk Formation (Cenomanian / Turonian).
Diagnosis
Pterodactyloid pterosaur with the following combination of characters that distinguishes it from other members of the clade (autapomorphies are marked with an asterisk): premaxillary crest present; premaxillary crest begins posteriorly (at the seventh pair of alveoli) but before the nasoantorbital fenestra*; palatal ridge extending anteriorly up to the third pair of alveoli; second and third alveoli similar in size and larger than the fourth; spacing between alveoli irregular, with the anterior alveoli more closely spaced and the posterior ones more widely separated from each other; almost 3 alveoli per 3 cm of jaw margin anteriorly and 2 alveoli each 3 cm posteriorly*; anterior expansion absent; palate dorsally curved.
Description
Bowerbank (1851)[1] described Pterodactylus cuvieri based on the holotype NHMUK PV 39409, which was recovered from the same pit in Burham as the holotype of Lonchodraco giganteus. NHMUK PV 39409 comprises a partial upper jaw. It is narrow in the preserved portion, without an anterior expansion of the rostrum, and presents a premaxillary crest which begins opposite to the seventh pair of alveoli (Bowerbank 1851[1]). Bowerbank (1851)[1] pointed out that the first pair of alveoli is located anteriorly, with the teeth projecting somewhat forwards, and that the spacing between the alveoli is about 1.5 times their diameter, the alveoli being irregularly placed and nearly equidistant. However, the spacing varies, with the first three pairs of alveoli more closely spaced.
NHMUK PV 39409 was originally reported as having a tooth preserved in the first right alveolus. During examination of the holotype in 2007 and 2009, the tooth was no longer preserved with the holotype and could not be found.
Cimoliopterus cuvieri differs from Coloborhynchus clavirostris in the lack of an anteriorly flat rostrum, premaxillary crest at the tip of the rostrum, anterior expansion, or the other diagnostic characters of that species (Rodrigues and Kellner 2008[12]). In light of the identification of Ornithocheirus simus as type species of Ornithocheirus, Cimoliopterus cuvieri can be excluded from this genus by the possession of a low rostrum and the first pair of alveoli facing forwards. It can also be excluded from Anhanguera because it does not possess an anterior expansion of the rostrum (diagnostic for Anhangueridae) nor the fourth and fifth alveoli smaller than the third and sixth (diagnostic for Anhanguera). Furthermore, anhanguerids have a premaxillary crest that begins at or near the tip of the rostrum. The more posterior position of the crest in Cimoliopterus cuvieri may indicate that these crests evolved separately. Anhanguera is so far definitely known only from the Romualdo Formation of Brazil (e.g., Kellner and Tomida 2000[13]), which is Albian in age (Pons et al. 1990[14]). A few dozen anhanguerid crania are known, none of which has a posteriorly located premaxillary crest. Therefore, we place Cimoliopterus cuvieri in a new, currently monospecific genus.
Taxon Treatment
- Rodrigues, T; Kellner, A; 2013: Taxonomic review of the Ornithocheirus complex (Pterosauria) from the Cretaceous of England ZooKeys, 308: 1-112. doi
Other References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Bowerbank J (1851) On the pterodactyles of the Chalk Formation. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 19: 14-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1851.tb01125.x
- ↑ Owen R (1851b) On a new species of pterodactyle (Pterodactylus compressirostris, Owen) from the Chalk; with some remarks on the nomenclature of the previously described species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 19: 21-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1851.tb01126.x
- ↑ Owen R (1851a) A monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Cretaceous formations. Palaeontographical Society, London, 118 pp.
- ↑ Seeley H (1869) Index to the fossil remains of Aves, Ornithosauria, and Reptilia, from the Secondary System of Strata arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. Deighton, Bell and Co., Cambridge, xxiii + 143 pp.
- ↑ Seeley H (1870) The Ornithosauria: an elementary study of the bones of pterodactyls, made from fossil remains found in the Cambridge Upper Greensand, and arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. Deighton, Bell, and Co., Cambridge, xii + 135 pp.
- ↑ Owen R (1874) Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations. Palaeontographical Society, London, 14 pp.
- ↑ Lydekker R (1888) Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, S. W. Part I. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 309 pp.
- ↑ Hooley R (1914) On the ornithosaurian genus Ornithocheirus, with a review of the specimens from the Cambridge Greensand in the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 78: 529-557. doi: 10.1080/00222931408693521
- ↑ Arthaber G (1922) Über Entwicklung, Ausbildung und Austerben der Flugsaurier. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 4: 1-47.
- ↑ Wellnhofer P (1978) Pterosauria. Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie, Teil 19. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart and New York, 82 pp.
- ↑ Unwin D (2001) An overview of the pterosaur assemblage from the Cambridge Greensand (Cretaceous) of Eastern England. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Geowissenschaftliche Reihe 4: 189-221. doi: 10.1002/mmng.20010040112
- ↑ Rodrigues T, Kellner A (2008) Review of the pterodactyloid pterosaur Coloborhynchus. Zitteliana B 28: 219-228.
- ↑ Kellner A, Tomida Y (2000) Description of a new species of Anhangueridae (Pterodactyloidea) with comments on the pterosaur fauna from the Santana Formation (Aptian-Albian), northeastern Brazil. National Science Museum Monographs 17: 1-135.
- ↑ Pons D, Berthou P, Campos D (1990) Quelques observations sur la palynologie de l’Aptien Supérieur et de l’Albien du bassin d’Araripe (N. E. du Brésil). In: Campos DA,Viana MSS,Brito PM,Beurlen G (Eds). Atas do 1° Simpósio sobre a bacia do Araripe e bacias interiores do Nordeste. 1° Simpósio sobre a bacia do Araripe e bacias interiores do Nordeste, Crato (Brazil), Junho 1990. Crato: 241-252.
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