Tradescantia L. subg. Tradescantia

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Pellegrini M (2017) Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae. PhytoKeys (89) : 11–72, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2017-10-26, version 162899, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Tradescantia_L._subg._Tradescantia&oldid=162899 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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BibTeX:

@article{Pellegrini2017PhytoKeys,
author = {Pellegrini, Marco O. O.},
journal = {PhytoKeys},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae},
year = {2017},
volume = {},
issue = {89},
pages = {11--72},
doi = {10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388},
url = {https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=20388},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2017-10-26, version 162899, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Tradescantia_L._subg._Tradescantia&oldid=162899 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae
A1 - Pellegrini M
Y1 - 2017
JF - PhytoKeys
JA -
VL -
IS - 89
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388
SP - 11
EP - 72
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2017-10-26, version 162899, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Tradescantia_L._subg._Tradescantia&oldid=162899 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

<ref name="Pellegrini2017PhytoKeys">{{Citation
| author = Pellegrini M
| title = Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae
| journal = PhytoKeys
| year = 2017
| volume =
| issue = 89
| pages = 11--72
| pmid =
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388
| url = https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=20388
| pmc =
| accessdate = 2024-12-23

}} Versioned wiki page: 2017-10-26, version 162899, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Tradescantia_L._subg._Tradescantia&oldid=162899 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Commelinales
Familia: Commelinaceae

Name

Tradescantia Pellegrini, 2017 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

Type species

Tradescantia virginiana L.

Description

Herbs geophytes, base definite, perennial, sometimes annual, succulent, terrestrial or rupicolous. Roots thick, tuberous. Stems erect, sometimes prostrate with apex, succulent, unbranched to little branched to branched only at base, rooting at the basal nodes, rarely rooting at the distal ones when they touch the substrate. Leaves sessile; spirally-alternate, evenly distributed along the stem, sometimes congested at the apex of the stems; sheaths closed, commonly splitting open at maturity; blades falcate and/or complicate, base symmetric, midvein conspicuous, adaxially impressed, abaxially prominent, rounded, secondary veins conspicuous. Synflorescences terminal in the distal portion of the stems, composed of a solitary main florescence. Inflorescences (main florescences) consisting of a pedunculate double-cincinni fused back to back; inflorescence bract hyaline, tubular, inconspicuous; peduncle bracts absent; supernumerary bracts absent; cincinni bracts leaf-like, unequal to each other, saccate or not, conduplicate, free, overlapping each other; bracteoles expanded, imbricate, linear-triangular to triangular, hyaline. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, flat; pedicel non-gibbous at apex, straight at anthesis and pre-anthesis, deflexed at post-anthesis; sepals equal, free, membranous, elliptic to broadly elliptic, not dorsally keeled, apex acute; petals sessile, equal, free, blade ovate to broadly ovate or rhomboid to broadly obovoid to obovoid, flat or plicate, base cuneate to obtuse, margin entire, apex acute to obtuse; stamens 6, arranged in two series, equal, filaments free, straight at anthesis and post-anthesis, to medially densely bearded with moniliform hairs, hairs shorter than the stamens, variously colored, anthers with connective quadrangular to rectangular, yellow, anther sacs C-shaped, yellow, pollen yellow; ovary glabrous, locules 2-ovulate, style straight at anthesis and post-anthesis, variously colored, cylindrical at base, obconical at the apex, stigma capitate to trilobate, pistil the same length as the stamens. Capsules subglobose to globose, light to medium brown when mature, glabrous, loculicidal, 3-valved, sometimes apiculate due to persistent style base. Seeds exarillate, 1–2 per locule, ellipsoid to narrowly trigonal, ventrally flattened, not cleft towards the embryotega, testa scrobiculate to rugose, with ridges radiating from the embryotega, embryotega dorsal, conspicuous, with a prominent apicule.

Habitat, distribution and ecology

Tradescantia subg. Tradescantia is restricted to Canada, USA and Mexico, but considerably more diverse in the USA (Fig. 11). Its species generally grow in open grasslands, pine forests or open rocky areas.

Included species

The subgenus includes ca. 30 species, namely: Tradescantia bracteata Small ex Britton, T. cirrifera Mart., T. edwardsiana Tharp, T. ernestiana E.S.Anderson & Woodson, T. gigantea Rose, T. gypsophila B.L.Turner, T. hirsuticaulis Small, T. hirsutiflora Bush, T. humilis Rose, T. longipes E.S.Anderson & Woodson, T. monosperma Brandegee, T. occidentalis (Britton) Smyth, T. ohiensis Raf., T. ozarkana E.S.Anderson & Woodson, T. pedicellata Celarier, T. pinetorum Greene, T. reverchonii Bush, T. roseolens Small, T. stenophylla Brandegee, T. subacaulis Bush, T. subaspera Ker Gawl., T. subtilis Matuda (= T. maysillesii Matuda), T. tharpii E.S.Anderson & Woodson, T. virginiana L., and T. wrightii Rose & Bush. The species native to the United States have been thoroughly revised by Anderson and Woodson Jr. (1935)[2]. However, as stated by the authors, the species concentrated in Mexico are still in need of taxonomic revision, and might reveal taxonomic novelties.

Comments

Tradescantia subg. Tradescantia can be easily differentiated from the remaining subgenera by its grass-like appearance (Fig. 14 B–D, F), leaf-sheaths split open at maturity (Fig. 14E), linear leaf-blades (Fig. 14 B–D, F), pedicels apically non-gibbous (Fig. 14H, I), filaments densely bearded with moniliform hairs (Fig. 14J–L), and stigmatic papillae restricted to the margins of the stigma (i.e. leaving the stylar canal evident; Fig. 14N)). As aforementioned, this subgenus contains the biggest flowers of Tradescantia, being commonly cultivated all around the world. The group’s taxonomy, ontogeny, cytology, reproductive system, and hybridization were heavily studied by Anderson and Diehl (1932)[3], Anderson and Woodson Jr. (1935)[2], Anderson (1936a[4], 1936b[5]), Anderson and Hubricht (1938)[6], Anderson and Sax (1936)[7], Celarier (1955)[8], Darlington (1929[9], 1937[10]), Hubricht and Anderson (1941)[11], King (1933)[12], Riley (1937)[13], Sax and Anderson (1933)[14], Sax and Edmonds (1933)[15], Sax and Humphrey (1934)[16], and Showalter (1938)[17]. Nonetheless, the group’s taxonomy remains challenging due to the high frequency of hybridization in nature (see references above) and the recent origin of the group, illustrated by the extremely short branches and poorly-resolved internal relationships recovered by Hertweck and Pires (2014)[18]. Hunt (1980)[1] proposed the distinction of T. subg. Tradescantia ser. Virginianae and T. subg. Tradescantia ser. Tuberosae, based solely on the degree of thickening of the roots. Nonetheless, T. subg. Tradescantia ser. Virginianae is recovered as non-monophyletic in the present analysis, due to the two species from T. subg. Tradescantia ser. Tuberosae sampled as nested within it. All species in Core Tradescantia (including T. subg. Tradescantia) possess somewhat tuberous roots, and the degree of thickening seems to be of little phylogenetic relevance. Thus, I chose not to recognized any sections or series in T. subg. Tradescantia. Furthermore, due to the relatively small size of Tradescantia, and reduced number of species in each subgenus, the recognition of sections and series in the present infrageneric classification seems unnecessary.

Taxon Treatment

  • Pellegrini, M; 2017: Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae PhytoKeys, (89): 11-72. doi

Images

Figure 6. Floral morphology of subtribe Tradescantiinae s.l. A Tinantia Scheidw B Thyrsanthemum Pichon C Weldenia Schult.f. D–I Callisia Loefl. s.l.: D Cuthbertia Small E Aploleia Raf. (i.e. C. sect. Leptocallisia s.s.) F Callisia s.s. (i.e. C. sect. Callisia) G Callisia sect. Brachyphylla D.R.Hunt H Hadrodemas H.E.Moore (i.e. C. sect. Hadrodemas) I–J Tripogandra Raf. s.l.: I Callisia sect. Leptocallisia pro parte J Tripogandra s.s. K–L Elasis D.R.Hunt: K E. hirsuta (Kunth) D.R.Hunt L E. guatemalensis C.B.Clarke ex Donn.Sm.) M.Pell M Matudanthus D.R.Hunt N Gibasis Raf. O–T Tradescantia L. emend. M.Pell.: O T. subg. Austrotradescantia P–Q T. subg. Campelia R T. subg. Mandonia S T. subg. Setcreasea T T. subg. Tradescantia. A by E. Barbier, B, L, P by P. Acevedo-Rodriguez, C by S. Cross, D by D. Rankin, E by J. Amith, F, J, N–O, Q–T by M.O.O. Pellegrini, G by S. Eduardo, H by C. Willemsen, I by B.E. Hammel, K by A. Kay, and M by A. Garcia Mendoza.
Figure 6. Floral morphology of subtribe Tradescantiinae s.l. A Tinantia Scheidw B Thyrsanthemum Pichon C Weldenia Schult.f. D–I Callisia Loefl. s.l.: D Cuthbertia Small E Aploleia Raf. (i.e. C. sect. Leptocallisia s.s.) F Callisia s.s. (i.e. C. sect. Callisia) G Callisia sect. Brachyphylla D.R.Hunt H Hadrodemas H.E.Moore (i.e. C. sect. Hadrodemas) I–J Tripogandra Raf. s.l.: I Callisia sect. Leptocallisia pro parte J Tripogandra s.s. K–L Elasis D.R.Hunt: K E. hirsuta (Kunth) D.R.Hunt L E. guatemalensis C.B.Clarke ex Donn.Sm.) M.Pell M Matudanthus D.R.Hunt N Gibasis Raf. O–T Tradescantia L. emend. M.Pell.: O T. subg. Austrotradescantia P–Q T. subg. Campelia R T. subg. Mandonia S T. subg. Setcreasea T T. subg. Tradescantia. A by E. Barbier, B, L, P by P. Acevedo-Rodriguez, C by S. Cross, D by D. Rankin, E by J. Amith, F, J, N–O, Q–T by M.O.O. Pellegrini, G by S. Eduardo, H by C. Willemsen, I by B.E. Hammel, K by A. Kay, and M by A. Garcia Mendoza. 
Figure 11. Distribution of Tradescantia subg. Mandonia (D.R.Hunt) M.Pell. in yellow, of T. subg. Setcreasea (K.Schum. & Sydow) M.Pell. in green, and Tradescantia L. subg. Tradescantia in pink.
Figure 11. Distribution of Tradescantia subg. Mandonia (D.R.Hunt) M.Pell. in yellow, of T. subg. Setcreasea (K.Schum. & Sydow) M.Pell. in green, and Tradescantia L. subg. Tradescantia in pink. 
Figure 14. Tradescantia L. subg. Tradescantia. A tuberous roots of T. ohiensis Raf. B–D habit: B erect robust habit of T. ohiensis C erect delicate habit of T. pinetorum Greene D rosette habit of T. longipes E.S.Anderson & Woodson. E, leaf-sheath split at maturity of T. ohiensis F detail of the leaf-blade of T. ohiensis, showing the conspicuous secondary veins G–H inflorescence: G inflorescence of T. ohiensis, showing the saccate cincinni bracts H inflorescence of T. virginiana L., showing the non-saccate cincinni bracts and densely pubescent bracts, pedicels and sepals I floral bud of T. ohiensis, showing the non-gibbous pedicel apex J–L flowers: J front view of a flower of T. ohiensis K front view of a flower of T. pinetorum L oblique view of a flower of T. virginiana M anther of T. ohiensis, showing the quadrangular and slightly curved connective, and the C-shaped anther sacs. N, style of T. ohiensis, showing the capitate stigma. A–B, E–F, H–I, L by G. Davidse, C, K by R.W. Van Devender, D by B. Nellums, and G, J, M–N by M.O.O. Pellegrini.
Figure 14. Tradescantia L. subg. Tradescantia. A tuberous roots of T. ohiensis Raf. B–D habit: B erect robust habit of T. ohiensis C erect delicate habit of T. pinetorum Greene D rosette habit of T. longipes E.S.Anderson & Woodson. E, leaf-sheath split at maturity of T. ohiensis F detail of the leaf-blade of T. ohiensis, showing the conspicuous secondary veins G–H inflorescence: G inflorescence of T. ohiensis, showing the saccate cincinni bracts H inflorescence of T. virginiana L., showing the non-saccate cincinni bracts and densely pubescent bracts, pedicels and sepals I floral bud of T. ohiensis, showing the non-gibbous pedicel apex J–L flowers: J front view of a flower of T. ohiensis K front view of a flower of T. pinetorum L oblique view of a flower of T. virginiana M anther of T. ohiensis, showing the quadrangular and slightly curved connective, and the C-shaped anther sacs. N, style of T. ohiensis, showing the capitate stigma. A–B, E–F, H–I, L by G. Davidse, C, K by R.W. Van Devender, D by B. Nellums, and G, J, M–N by M.O.O. Pellegrini. 

Other References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hunt D (1980) Sections and series in Tradescantia. In: American Commelinaceae, vol. IX. Kew Bull. 35(2): 437–422. https://doi.org/10.2307/4114596
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Anderson E, Woodson Jr. R (1935) The species of Tradescantia indigenous to the United States. Contr. Arnold Arbor. 9: 1–132.
  3. ↑ Anderson E, Diehl D (1932) Contributions to the Tradescantia problem. Jour. Arnold Arb. 13: 213–231.
  4. ↑ Anderson E (1936a) A morphological comparison of triploid and tetraploid interspecific hybrids in Tradescantia. Genetics 21: 61–65.
  5. ↑ Anderson E (1936b) Hybridization in American Tradescantia. I. A method for measuring species hybrids. II. Hybridization between T. virginiana and T. canaliculata. Annals Missouri Bot. Gard. 23: 511–525. https://doi.org/10.2307/2394165
  6. ↑ Anderson E, Hubricht L (1938) Hybridization in Tradescantia III. The Evidence for introgressive Hybridization. American Journal of Botany 25(5): 396–402. https://doi.org/10.2307/2436413
  7. ↑ Anderson E, Sax K (1936) A cytological monograph of the American species of Tradescantia. Bot. Gaz. 97: 433–476. https://doi.org/10.1086/334582
  8. ↑ Celarier R (1955) Cytology of Tradescantieae. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 82(1): 30–38. https://doi.org/10.2307/2482392
  9. ↑ Darlington C (1929) Chromosome behavior and structural hybridity the in the Tradescantieae. Jour. Gen. 21: 207–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02984208
  10. ↑ Darlington C (1937) Chromosome behavior and structural hybridity in the Tradescantieae. II. Jour. Genetics 35: 259–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02982353
  11. ↑ Hubricht L, Anderson E (1941) Vicinism in Tradescantia. American Journal of Botany 28(10): 957. https://doi.org/10.2307/2436877
  12. ↑ King E (1933) Chromosome behavior in a triploid Tradescantia. Jour. Hered. 24: 252–256. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a103793
  13. ↑ Riley H (1937) Hybridization in a colony of Tradescantia. Genetics 22: 206–207.
  14. ↑ Sax K, Anderson E (1933) Segmental interchange in chromosomes of Tradescantia. Genetics 18: 53–67.
  15. ↑ Sax K, Edmonds H (1933) Development of the male gametophyte in Tradescantia. Bot. Gaz. 95: I56–163. https://doi.org/10.1086/334371
  16. ↑ Sax K, Humphrey L (1934) Structure of meiotic chromosomes in microsporogenesis of Tradescantia. Bot. Gaz. 96: 353–362. https://doi.org/10.1086/334476
  17. ↑ Showalter H (1938) The distribution of Tradescantia in the eastern Tennessee region. Jour. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 13: 253–258.
  18. ↑ Hertweck K, Pires J (2014) Systematics and evolution of inflorescence structure in the Tradescantia alliance (Commelinaceae). Systematic Botany 39(1): 105–116. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X677991
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