Tipula parvauricula
| Notice: | This page is derived from the original publication listed below, whose author(s) should always be credited. Further contributors may edit and improve the content of this page and, consequently, need to be credited as well (see page history). Any assessment of factual correctness requires a careful review of the original article as well as of subsequent contributions.
If you are uncertain whether your planned contribution is correct or not, we suggest that you use the associated discussion page instead of editing the page directly. This page should be cited as follows (rationale):
Citation formats to copy and paste
BibTeX: @article{Xue2016ZooKeys, RIS/ Endnote: TY - JOUR Wikipedia/ Citizendium: <ref name="Xue2016ZooKeys">{{Citation See also the citation download page at the journal. |
Ordo: Diptera
Familia: Tipulidae
Genus: Tipula
Name
Tipula parvauricula Alexander, 1941 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Tipula parvauricula Alexander, 1941: 400 (original description), Pl. 1, fig. 14, Pl. 4, fig. 44.
Diagnosis
Generally orange-yellow in coloration; antenna distinctly longer than body; prescutum orange-yellow with three light brown stripes, sometimes not clear; wings pale brown with a dark brown stigma; abdomen orange with segments six and seven black; hypopygium orange, tergite nine divided by a V-shaped notch, produced into a pair of ear-like processes, sometimes terminated into spinous point, ventral-lateral portions of tergite nine projected into two lobes, densely covered with black setae.
Redescription
Male. Length: Body: 14.0–18.0 mm (not including antenna, n = 5); Wing: 18.0–20.0 mm (n = 5); Antenna: 18.0–20.0 mm (n = 5).
Head orange. Rostrum orange with distinct orange nasus. Marking of vertex absent (Fig. 1). Eyes black (Fig. 1). Antenna: 12-segmented, distinctly longer than body; scape orange, expanded apically; pedicel orange, short; flagellomeres dark brown, each flagellomere cylindrical and subequal in length, with abundant black verticils, longest one longer than one third of flagellomeres length. Palpi light brown. Thorax with pronotum entirely orange-yellow (Figs 2–3). Prescutum with three light brown stripes, sometimes not clear (Fig. 2). Scutum orange-yellow with two light brown stripes (Fig. 2). Scutellum and postnotum orange-yellow (Fig. 2). Pleura entirely bright yellow (Fig. 3). Legs slender, coxae, trochanters and femora orange-yellow, tibiae orange-yellow at basal half, changing to brown at apical half, tarsi brownish black. Halteres with stem yellow, knob darker. Wings pale brown, cell sc darker than ground color, stigma dark brown (Fig. 4). Sc relatively short, subequal to R3 in length, petiole of cell m1 as long as or slightly longer than m-m, approximately one-half length of discal cell (Fig. 4).
Abdomen orange with segments six and seven black. Hypopygium orange, broad, compressed (Figs 5–6). Tergite nine separated by a V-shaped notch in ventral view; gradually narrowed to apex, produced into a pair of ear-like processes, sometimes terminated into spinous point in lateral view; ventral-lateral portions of tergite nine projected into two lobes, densely covered with blackened setae (Figs 5–7). Sternite nine broader than tergite nine, median region of sternite nine protruded to a membranous extension (Fig. 6). Outer gonostylus flattened, widened medially, with a slender rod on ventral-lateral margin, directed dorsally (Fig. 6). Inner gonostylus broad basally, gradually narrowed to apex, rounded with a process truncated apically, ventral margin with a horn-shaped projection, dorsal margin with a finger-like process, basal region of inner gonostylus with a pyramidal process (Fig. 8).
Semen pump with compressor apodeme V-shaped, the arms expanded at apex (Fig. 11). Posterior immovable apodeme with only one arm, distinctly longer than compressor apodeme, gradually narrowed to apex and curved cephalad in lateral view (Fig. 9), sometimes abruptly bent to ventral margin (Fig. 10), the arm deeply grooved in dorsal view. Anterior immovable apodeme flattened, shorter than compressor apodeme, gradually narrowed to apex in lateral view (Figs 9–10). Aedeagus elongated, tubular, at least ten times longer than semen pump (Fig. 6).
Material examined
CHINA: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: 2 males, Dalongping, Cenwanglaoshan Mountain, 24°31'N, 106°17'E, 1300 m, 11 May 2015, Guo-Xi Xue leg.; Guizhou Province: 3 males, Leigongshan Mountain, 26°21'N, 108°13'E, 4 Jun. 2015, Guo-Xi Xue leg.
Distribution
China (Fujian, NW. Guangxi, SE. Guizhou).
Remarks
In the original description of Tipula (Sivatipula) parvauricula (Alexander 1941[1]), the prescutum is unmarked and the tergite nine is terminated into a pair of spinous points in lateral view. After observing five specimens, we noticed that the prescutum generally has three light brown stripes and the spinous point on tergite nine is not always present.
Three types of semen pumps were defined by Frommer (1963)[2] based on morphological studies of the reproductive system of North American crane flies. Type III is the most common type characterized by the strongly bowed intromittent organ and by posterior immovable apodeme generally with two arms (Frommer 1963[2]). According to the overall morphology, the semen pump of Tipula (Sivatipula) parvauricula should belong to Type III. However, its posterior immovable apodeme has only one arm, which differs from the results in previous works in Chinese species (Ctenophora fumosa Men, 2014 in Men and Huang 2014[3]; Tipula (Vestiplex) coxitalis Alexander, 1935, Tipula (Pterelachisus) biaciculifera Alexander, 1937and Tipula (Emodotipula) yaoluopingensis Men, 2015 in Men 2015[4]; Tipula (Yamatotipula) nova Walker, 1848 in Men et al. 2015a[5]; Nephrotoma liankangensis Men, Xue & Yang and Nephrotoma pseudoliankangensis Men, Xue & Yang in Men et al. 2015b[6]). This may represent a special form of type III.
Taxon Treatment
- Xue, G; Men, Q; 2016: New species of subgenus Tipula (Sivatipula) from China, with redescription of T. (S.) parvauricula and a key to all known species of the Oriental Region (Diptera, Tipulidae, Tipula) ZooKeys, (563): 33-42. doi
Images
|
Other References
- ↑ Alexander C (1941) New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XLIII. Philippine Journal of Science 73: 375–420.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Frommer S (1963) Gross morphological studies of the reproductive system in representative North American crane flies (Diptera: Tipulidae). Kansas University Science Bulletin 44: 535–625.
- ↑ Men Q, Huang M (2014) A new species of the genus Ctenophora Meigen (Diptera: Tipuloidea: Tipulidae) from China, with a key to the world species. Zootaxa 3841(1): 592–600. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3841.4.8
- ↑ Men Q (2015) Report on crane flies of the genus Tipula (Diptera: Tipulidae: Tipulinae) from Anhui Province, China. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55(2): 797–810.
- ↑ Men Q, Xue G, Liu Y (2015a) A morphological study on reproductive system of Tipula (Yamatotipula) nova Walker (Diptera: Tipulidae). Zoological Systematics 40(3): 328–338.
- ↑ Men Q, Xue G, Yang H (2015b) Two new species of the genus Nephrotoma (Diptera, Tipuloidea, Tipulidae) from China with a key to species from Mainland China. ZooKeys 532: 117–136. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.532.5970
