Philenis
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Ordo: Coleoptera
Familia: Curculionidae
Name
Philenis Champion, 1906b: 43 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
Type species
Philenis flavipes Champion, 1906 [by original designation].
Gender
Feminine.
Diagnosis
The short, slender antenna and narrow, acuminate club are given by Champion (1906b[1]: 43) to distinguish the genus from Copturus (=Macrocopturus), which also separate it from the rest of the genera except for the observed South American specimens of Hypoplagius. Philenis flavipes has an unmodified mesoventrite but P. fuscofemorata Champion, 1906 and three observed undescribed species have a large tubercle at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite with the posteromedial margin being strongly depressed (Fig. 17). The two described species are easily distinguished for being the only known members of the putative bee mimicry complex (Hespenheide 1995[2]: 150) with the contrasting yellow and black or brown pattern, but some observed undescribed species are not, with one being a representative of the “red-eyed fly” mimicry complex. The second funicular article is longer than the first, eyes are ovoid and somewhat protruding (Fig. 53), and the femora are non-carinate and ventrally toothed.
Notes
Champion (1906b[1]: 44) notes that the pygidium is slightly exposed in P. flavipes, but all observed specimens of that species have the last abdominal ventrites deflected downwards (i.e. not in their natural position during life) so this character has not been confirmed. Philenis was not moved to Lechriopini by Lyal et al. (2006)[3] despite having some type of modification to the mesoventrite because of a lack of sclerolepidia. The two described species, P. flavipes and P. fuscofemorata, lack sclerolepidia, however, observed specimens of three congeneric undescribed species do have sclerolepidia. The genus is not moved to the Lechriopini here due to the lack of a suitably identified sister genus.
Phylogenetic relationships
Philenis was regarded by Champion (1906b[1]: 43) to be “closely related to Copturus [=Macrocopturus] in its restricted sense”, but the genus is not very similar in appearance to others in the Lechriopini or Zygopini. Interestingly, both the reported host association and the mesoventrite, which in some species has a deep semicircular depression, are similar to that found in Hoplocopturus and Mnemynurus.
Host associations
One species has been collected from a “gall on an aroid stem” (Hespenheide 1995[2]: 150).
Described species
Two.
Range
Costa Rica, Panama.
Taxon Treatment
- Anzaldo, S; 2017: Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean ZooKeys, (683): 51-138. doi
Images
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![Figures 10–18. Variation in the mesoventrite. 10 Lechriops californicus [ASUHIC0024146] showing relatively parallel carinae marking the lateral margin of the rostral channel and a closure of the channel on the metaventrite 11 Microzygops nigrofasciatus [ARTSYS0000797] with tubercles anterior to the mesocoxae and slight, arcuate carinae on the anterior region of the mesoventrite (encircling the central scaled region) 12 Paramnemyne decemcostata [ARTSYS0000798] showing tuberculate posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a transverse carina near the posterior margin of the metaventrite 13 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC0001060] showing a deep ovoid receptacle on the meso- and metaventrite 14 Turcopus viscivorus [ARTSYS0000530] showing a receptacle on the mesoventrite with prominently carinate posterior margin 15 Lissoderes subnudus [SSAC0001066] showing a completely unmodified mesoventrite covered with multifid setae 16 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC0031514] showing a ventrally expanded posterior margin of the mesoventrite to receive the rostrum in repose 17 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS0000659] with tubercles at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a deep depression at the posterior margin in between 18 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS0000799] showing slight lamellate processes at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite as well as transversely flattened projections behind the procoxae.](/wiki/File:Zookeys-683-051-g002.jpg)
![Figures 19–36. Variation in the metatibial apex. 19 Mesotibial apex of Lechriops vestitus illustrating parts of the tibial apex: a) posterior apical angle with large, curved uncus; b) middle of the apex with produced, rounded inner flange; c) anterior apical margin with premucro; d) oblique ridge of premucro; e) apical setal tuft 20 Male Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS0000609] with a tibial uncus arising at the middle of the apex 21 Cratosomus punctulatus mexicanus [ASUHIC0031510] with thick fascicles of golden setae near the anterior apical margin and a dense setal brush at the posterior apical face 22 Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC0086627] with a large, subapical premucro 23 Piazurus laetus [SSAC0001077], showing a typical tibial apex for that genus 24 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC0016915] 25 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC0001288] with a pointed, premucro-like inner flange 26 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC0001060] showing an elongate, uncus-like inner flange. 27 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS0000535] 28 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC16884] 29 Cylindrocopturus adspersus [ASUHIC0016896] with a rounded, produced inner flange 30 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC0065241] with a very short uncus 31 Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC0064707] with an elongate uncus and minute premucro 32 Phileas granulatus [ARTSYS0000528] with the middle of the apex (between uncus and premucro) sunken 33 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC0012325] with a short uncus and posterodistal setal comb extending halfway to the base of the tibia 34 Zygops erythropygus [ASUHIC0086640] with short posterodistal setal comb. 35 Philenis flavipes [ASUHIC0065102] 36 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS0000799] with a small tooth at the anterior apical angle.](/wiki/File:Zookeys-683-051-g003.jpg)
![Figures 46–54. Variation in eye shape. 46 Poecilogaster brevis [ARTSYS0000805] with relatively vertical, separated eyes 47 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS0000535] showing subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a broad interocular space 48 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC0086637] with subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a thin lanceolate space 49 Cylindrocopturus quercus [ASUHIC0016905] with vertical, separated eyes 50 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC0065241] with widely separated eyes and a very thin rostrum 51 Larides cavifrons [ASUHIC0016882], showing a strongly depressed interocular space 52 Male Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC0064708] showing oval, subcontiguous eyes and an apical antennal insertion on the rostrum 53 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS0000659] showing ovoid eyes and slender antennae 54 Zygopsella ruficauda [ARTSYS0000526] with a sinuous lateral and mesal margin of the eyes which is strongly inflexed at the lower lateral margin.](/wiki/File:Zookeys-683-051-g005.jpg)
![Figures 99–102. Lateral and dorsal habitus images of Zygopini. Scale bars = 2 mm unless otherwise specified. 99a–b Peltophorus polymitus suffusus [ASUHIC0016837]. 100a–b Phileas granulatus [ARTSYS0000528]. 101a–b Philenis flavipes [ASUHIC0065102]; scale bar for 101a = 1 mm 102a–b Zygops vitticollis [ASUHIC0086634]; scale bar for 102b = 5 mm.](/wiki/File:Zookeys-683-051-g015.jpg)
Other References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Champion G (1906b) Insecta – Coleoptera – Rhychophora – Curculionidae – Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1–136.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hespenheide H (1995) Mimicry in the Zygopinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 14: 145–154.
- ↑ Lyal C, Douglas D, Hine S (2006) Morphology and systematic significance of sclerolepidia in the weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 4(2): 203–241. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200005001714
