Lycogaster

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Trigonalyidae

Name

Lycogaster Shuckard, 1841 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

• Lycogaster Shuckard, 1841: 121; Weinstein and Austin 1991: 414; Carmean and Kimsey 1998: 61. Type species (by original designation): Lycogaster pullatus Shuckard, 1841.

Diagnosis

Body length 5.5–15.0 mm; antenna with 22–24 segments, of + widened medially (Fig. 111, but hardly so in Lycogaster angustula sp. n.); antenna of > without tyloids; supra-antennal elevations small, without depression dorsally (Figs 110, 121, 132, 146); vertex convex and shiny; mandibular condyli close to level of eyes (Figs 113, 122, 135, 149); apical segment of labial palp widened and obtuse, more or less triangular (Fig. 122); metanotum smooth, shiny and weakly convex (Figs 114, 123, 136, 150); triangular dorso-apical part of hind trochanter separated by an oblique groove; fore trochanter subparallel-sided and distinctly longer than hind trochanter; hind tarsus slightly or not modified; basal half of third metasomal sternite with a posteriorly steep, smooth and complete transverse ledge (Figs 118, 129, 140; may be partly hidden under second sternite and rather low in Lycogaster violaceipennis); second sternite with pair of small triangular teeth on apical protuberance (Fig. 118; but only with pair of lobe-shaped flaps in male of Lycogaster violaceipennis) and sometimes absent; epipleura of tergites laterally strongly pigmented; fifth sternite of + distinctly emarginate medio-posteriorly (Fig. 118).

Biology

In the New World reared as hyperparasitoid of Ichneumonidae in caterpillars of the families Saturniidae and Notodontidae (Carmean and Kimsey 1998). The record from Eumeninae nests probably concerns prey caterpillars that have been infested with both Ichneumonidae and Trigonalyidae.

Notes

It is clear from the original description (Magretti 1897) and from the redescription of Schulz (1908) that Lycogaster rufiventris (Magretti, 1897) from Myanmar was correctly assigned to the genus Lycogaster by Schulz (1908), Bischoff (1938) and Weinstein and Austin (1991). It has the medial third of the fore wing dark brown as Lycogaster flavonigrata and Lycogaster nigralva, but differs by the entire reddish metasoma, the absence of distinct separate teeth besides finely dentate lamelliform protuberance of second sternite and the distinctly convex vertex. The interpretation by Carmean and Kimsey (1998; based on specimens from central and southern India and retaining this species in the genus Trigonalys) seems to be incorrect considering the redescription of the holotype female by Schulz (1908) and the distribution of the genus Trigonalys.

Key to Chinese species of Lycogaster Shuckard, 1841

Key to Chinese species of Lycogaster Shuckard, 1841 — H. Chen , C. van Achterberg , J. He , Z. Xu

1		Mesosoma largely reddish brown dorsally; second metasomal sternite with pair of small sublateral flaps, flat medio-posteriorly and sternite weakly convex medially in lateral view; [fore wing largely dark brown; mandible largely ivory (except dark brown teeth)]    Lycogaster violaceipennis Chen, 1949
–		Mesosoma black dorsally, at most with vertical row of yellow patches; second sternite with pair of small submedial acute teeth on elevation (Fig. 118) or without sublateral teeth and sternite strongly convex medio-posteriorly (Figs 129, 140)    2
2		Submedial acute teeth of second sternite close to each other (Fig. 118); antenna of + elongate and hardly widened medially (Fig. 111); second tergite smooth and strongly shiny (Fig. 116); medial third of fore wing slightly darkened (Fig. 112)    Lycogaster angustula sp. n.
–		Submedial acute teeth of second sternite comparatively far removed from each other (Figs 129, 140); antenna of + less elongate and distinctly widened medially (Figs 124, 133); second tergite punctate and moderately shiny (Figs 127, 138); medial third of fore wing largely dark brown (Figs 125, 134)    3
3		Second metasomal sternite largely yellow posteriorly (Fig. 118); vertex comparatively flat in lateral view (Fig. 113); medio-posterior lamella of second sternite subtruncate to weakly convex (Fig. 129)    Lycogaster flavonigrata sp. n.
–		Second sternite black posteriorly (Fig. 140), at most somewhat brownish; vertex less flattened in lateral view (Fig. 135); medio-posterior lamella of second sternite distinctly convex (Fig. 140)    Lycogaster nigralva sp. n.

Taxon Treatment

• Chen, H; van Achterberg, C; He, J; Xu, Z; 2014: A revision of the Chinese Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera, Trigonalyoidea) ZooKeys, 385: 1-207. doi

Images

Figures 108–110. Lycogaster angustula sp. n., holotype, female. 108 Habitus lateral 109 head anterior 110 head dorsal.  Figures 111–118. Lycogaster angustula sp. n., holotype, female. 111 Antenna 112 fore and hind wings 113 head lateral 114 mesosoma dorsal 115 mesosoma lateral 116 metasoma dorsal 117 metasoma lateral 118 metasoma ventral.  Figures 119–123. Lycogaster flavonigrata sp. n., holotype, female. 119 Habitus lateral 120 head anterior 121 head dorsal 122 head lateral 123 mesosoma dorsal.  Figures 124–129. Lycogaster flavonigrata sp. n., holotype, female. 124 Antenna 125 fore and hind wings 126 mesosoma lateral 127 metasoma dorsal 128 metasoma lateral 129 metasoma ventral.  Figures 130–132. Lycogaster nigralva sp. n., holotype, female. 130 Habitus lateral 131 head anterior 132 head dorsal.  Figures 133–140. Lycogaster nigralva sp. n., holotype, female. 133 Antenna 134 fore and hind wings 135 head lateral 136 mesosoma dorsal 137 mesosoma lateral 138 metasoma dorsal 139 metasoma lateral 140 metasoma ventral.  Figures 141–143. Lycogaster violaceipennis Chen, 1949, female from Sichuan. 141 Habitus lateral 142 metasoma lateral 143 metasoma ventral.  Figures 144–146. Lycogaster violaceipennis Chen, 1949, lectotype, male. 144 Habitus lateral 145 head anterior 146 head dorsal.  Figures 147–154. Lycogaster violaceipennis Chen, 1949, lectotype, male. 147 Antenna 148 fore and hind wings 149 head lateral 150 mesosoma dorsal 151 mesosoma lateral 152 metasoma dorsal 153 metasoma lateral 154 metasoma ventral.