Leucothoe trulla
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Ordo: Amphipoda
Familia: Leucothoidae
Genus: Leucothoe
Name
Leucothoe trulla White & Reimer, 2012 sp. n. – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link – Pensoft Profile
Type material
Holotype male, 4.3 mm, RUMF-ZC-1669, Inoda Beach patch reef (24°27'46"N, 124°15'13"E), coral rubble, K.N. White col. 20 April 2011 (KNWIshigaki3G). Paratype female, 4.4 mm, RUMF-ZC-1670, same station data as holotype.
Type locality
Inoda Beach, Ishigaki, Japan (24°27'46"N, 124°15'13"E).
Additional material examined
2 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1671, KNWIriomote4A; 3 specimens, NSMT –Cr21820, KNWIshigaki3G.
Diagnosis (male)
Maxilla 1 palp 1–articulate, margins constricted. Gnathopod 1 coxa posterior margin distally serrate. Gnathopod 2 coxa distal margin serrate; carpus distally truncate, spoon-like; propodus mediofacial setal row displaced to midline.
Description (male)
Head. Anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin evenly rounded; ventral cephalic keel anterior margin excavate, anteroventral margin rounded with an anteriorly projecting cusp, ventral margin straight; eyes with more than 10 ommatidia, round. Antenna 1 0.4 × body length, flagellum 10–articulate, peduncle article 1 width less than 2 × article 2, accessory flagellum 1–articulate, aesthetascs present. Antenna 2 0.3 × body length, shorter than antenna 1, flagellum 5–articulate. Mandibular palp ratio of articles 1–3, 1.0: 2.7: 1.4, article 2 with 5–6 setae, article 3 with 2 distal setae, incisors weakly dentate; left mandible with 7 raker spines, lacinia mobilis large, strongly toothed; right mandible with 7 raker spines, lacinia mobilis small, weakly dentate. Upper lip asymmetrically lobate, anterior margin setose. Lower lip inner lobes fused, bare; outer lobes with moderate gape, anterior margins setose. Maxilla 1 palp 1–articulate, margins constricted, with 3 distal setae; outer plate with 7 distal robust setae. Maxilla 2 inner plate with 5 distal setae, 3 marginal setae, and facial setae; outer plate with 4 robust distal setae and 15 marginal setae. Maxilliped inner plates distal margin with v-shaped indentation, with short robust setae and short setae; outer plate inner margin smooth, reaching 0.2 × length of palp article 1, with simple and plumose marginal setae, facial setae absent; palp article 4 subequal in length with article 3, distally acute.
Pereon. Coxae 1–4 relative widths 1.0: 1.3: 1.1: 1.8. Gnathopod 1 coxa smooth, with tiny marginal setae, smooth, anterodistal margin produced, subquadrate with cusp, distal margin straight, posterior margin excavate, distally serrate, facial setae absent; basis linear, anterior margin with 6 setae, posterior margin bare; ischium bare; carpus linear, length 19.8 × width, proximal margin dentate, distal margin with 3 short setae; propodus straight, palm dentate with 5 distal setae; dactylus smooth, reaching 0.4 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 coxa longer than broad, subequal to coxa 3, smooth, with tiny marginal setae, distal margin serrate, anterodistally rounded, distal margin straight, posterior margin straight, facial setae absent; basis distally expanded, anterior margin with 6 short setae, posterior margin bare; ischium bare; carpus 0.3 × propodus length, curved, distally truncate, spoon-like, anterior margin smooth; propodus with 1 slightly displaced mediofacial setal row, reaching 0.6 × propodus length, with 1 row of submarginal setae, posterior margin smooth, palm convex with 3 major and 2 minor tubercles; dactylus curved, proximal margin smooth, bare, anterior margin distally subacute, reaching 0.7 × propodus length. Pereopod 3 coxa length 1.3 × width, anterodistal corner overriding distal face of coxa 2, extending below it, smooth, bare, anterior margin straight, distal margin oblique, posterior margin straight, facial setae absent. Pereopod 4 coxa smooth, bare, anterior margin straight, distal margin evenly rounded, posterior margin excavate, facial setae absent. Pereopods 5–7 coxae facial setae absent; bases slightly posteriorly tapered, width length ratios 1: 1.3, 1: 1.3, 1: 1.4; posterior margins smooth, bare.
Pleon. Epimera 1–3 with ventral setae; epimeron 3 posteroventral corner rounded. Uropods 1–2 relative lengths 1.0: 0.8. Uropod 1 peduncle 0.9 × inner ramus length; outer ramus 0.9 × inner ramus length; inner ramus with 5 robust seta; outer ramus with 8 robust setae. Uropod 2 peduncle 0.9 × inner ramus length; outer ramus 0.7 × inner ramus length; inner and outer rami each with 4 robust setae. Uropod 3 missing. Telson 2.3 × longer than wide, apex weakly tridentate.
Female (sexually dimorphic characters)
Gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with 5 setae, posterior margin with 4 setae; carpus distal margin with 2 short setae. Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin with 13 short and medium setae; ischium with 2 distal setae; carpus truncate, not spoon-like; propodus palm with smaller tubercles. Uropod 3 peduncle 0.7 × inner ramus length; outer ramus broken; inner and outer rami with robust setae.
Etymology
After the Latin ‘trulla’, meaning ‘stirring spoon, skimmer’ and referring to the spoon-like carpus on male gnathopod 2.
Ecology
In branchial chamber of solitary ascidian, Herdmania (Fig. 18A); and coral rubble.
Relationships
Leucothoe trulla is similar to Leucothoe commensalis, Leucothoe wuriti, Leucothoe epidemos, and Leucothoe thula. The members of this “Leucothoe commensalis group” share a rounded head, long gnathopod 1 dactylus, a displaced gnathopod 2 propodus mediofacial setal row, and wide pereopod 5-7 bases. This species is also similar to Leucothoe alata, Leucothoe dentata Ledoyer, 1973, Leucothoe denticulata Costa, 1853, Leucothoe epidemos, Leucothoe lihue Barnard, 1970, Leucothoe rudicula White and Thomas, 2009,and Leucothoe tolkieni Vinogradov, 1990 in having a spoon-like gnathopod 2 carpus. This species differs from all of these species in having a ventral cephalic keel with an excavate anterior margin; constricted margins on the maxilla 1 palp, a serrate coxa 1 posteroventral margin; a serrate distal coxa 2 margin; and a rounded epimeron 3 posteroventral corner.
Remarks
Leucothoe trulla has faint pink-red stripes along pereonite edges and a slightly darker “saddleback” color in the middle (Fig. 17F). This species is endemic to the southern Ryukyu Islands.
Distribution
East China Sea: Ishigaki–jima Island and Iriomote–jima Island, Okinawa, Japan.
Original Description
- White, K; Reimer, J; 2012: Commensal Leucothoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Part I: ascidian-dwellers ZooKeys, 163: 13-55. doi
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