Kermes echinatus
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Ordo: Hemiptera
Familia: Kermesidae
Genus: Kermes
Name
Kermes echinatus Balachowsky – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, 1953:181
Note
This species was originally described from the first-instar nymph collected from Israel, Nahalal forest, off Quercus coccifera.
Material examined
Adult female of Kermes echinatus. Israel: All material was collected off Quercus calliprinos by M. Spodek. At least twenty specimens were examined and all material is deposited in ICVI. Alonei Abba Reserve, 19.vi.2011, 26.vi.2011, 3.vi.2012 (MC:530, C:4999), MC:711); Eilon, 19.vi.2011, 22.vi.2011, 26.vi.2011, 3.vi.2012 (MC:533, MC:542, C:4998), MC:692); Nahal Dolev Reserve, 27.vi.2010, 17.vi.2011, 8.vi.2012, 15.vi.2012, 22.vi.2012 (MC:261, MC:699, MC:528, MC:695, MC:709); Hanita, 6.vi.2010 (MC:227); Mas’ada, 4.vii.2010 (MC:285); Nebi Hazuri, 4.vii.2010, 6.vii.2011 (MC:288, MC:556).
First-instar nymph of Kermes echinatus
Israel: Syntype (ICVI C:3691, MNHN 1065-8), Nahalal Forest, Quercus coccifera 10.v.1950, Bytinski-Salz; All non-type material was collected off Quercus calliprinos by M. Spodek, unless otherwise stated; at least twenty specimens were examined and all material is deposited in ICVI. Alonei Abba Reserve, 15.vii.2010, 26.vi.2011, 15.vii.2012 (MC:289, MC:559, MC:719); Eilon, 26.ix.2010, 21.iv.2011, 17.vi.2011, 1.vii.2011, 22.vii.2012 (MC:306, MC:486, MC:499, MC:550, MC:718); Hanita, 13.iii.2011 (MC:457); Nahal Dolev, 22.viii.2010, 8.viii.2011, 1.vii.2012 (MC:293, MC:562, MC:717); Nebi Hazuri, 17.viii.2000, Y. Ben-Dov (C:3409), 4.vii.2010, 6.vii.2011, 17.vii.2011, (C:4818, C:5003, MC:561); Neve Zuf, 10.vii.2000, 18.vii.2003, Y. Ben-Dov (C:4752, C:4751); Timrat, 21.vii.2011, 25.iii.2012 (MC:563, MC:651).
Comparative material examined
Adult female of Kermes vermilio.France: Corsica, Quercus ilex, 7.vi.1999, J. Casevitz-Weal (2 specimens, ICVI C:3277); Le Vert Lasalle, Quercus coccifera, 7.v.2007, D. Cardon (3 specimens, ICVI C:4257); Italy: Portofino, Quercus ilex, 27.v.1971, D. Matile-Ferrero (2 specimens, MNHN 4594-2), Pistoia, Quercus ilex, 13.viii.1986, A. Belcari (2 specimens, MNHN 10732-1), Bitonto (Bari), Quercus ilex, 25.vii.2012, F. Porcelli (10 specimens, ICVI C-5132); Spain: Mieras (Gerona), Quercus coccifera, 7.v.1987, A. Verhecken (1 specimen, MNHN 11526-1).
First-instar nymph of Kermes vermilio
France: Le Vert Lasalle, Quercus coccifera, 24.vi.2007, D. Cardon (47 specimens, ICVI C:4272); Italy: Pistoia, Quercus ilex, 13.viii.1986, A. Belcari (6 specimens, MNHN 10732-3), Bitonto (Bari), Quercus ilex, 28.viii.2012, F. Porcelli (20 specimens, ICVI C-5133); Spain: Mieras (Gerona), Quercus coccifera, 7.v.1987, A. Verhecken (1 specimen, MNHN 11526-2).
Description adult female
General appearance. Young, pre-reproductive adult: Oval, soft and slightly convex; dorsum brownish-grey with 4 or 5 black longitudinal and 6–9 black transverse lines formed of dots and lines; 2.5–3.2 mm long and 2–3 mm wide (Fig. 1). Fully-mature reproductive female highly convex; dorsum brownish-grey with black, longitudinal and transverse lines; body tapering posteriorly (Figs 2, 3). Post-reproductive female oval and moderately convex, 2.9–4.4 mm long, 2.7–5.1 mm wide and 3.2–4.8 mm high; dorsum sclerotized; red with 6–9 black, transverse black lines represented as reticulated folds (Fig. 4). Slide-mounted adult female. 2–3 mm long and 2–2.8 mm wide (Fig. 5). Margin. Marginal setae conical, 12–13 µm long and 10–11 µm wide at base; arranged in a single row of 30–38 setae on each margin.
Dorsum. Dorsal setae hair-like, 7–9 µm long, in submarginal band from cephalic tip of body to posterior end of body, about 28–33 on each side. Conical setae, similar in shape to marginal setae, randomly placed on dorsum, with 7–11 setae on each side; each seta 10–13 µm long and 7–10 wide at base. Bilocular pores oval with a sclerotized rim, each 3 µm long and 2 µm wide; present throughout. Tubular ducts diffused throughout dorsum; each with outer ductule 12–17 µm long, inner ductule 10–15 µm long and with a sclerotized cup 5 µm diameter.
Venter. Eyes circular, 20–25 µm diameter, each placed anterolaterally to each antenna. Legs absent. Antenna each 1-segmented; 26–35 µm long, 20–31 µm wide; eachbearing 5–8 fleshy setae; each antennae is surrounded by a group of 40–45 multilocular pores; each pore 7–8 µm diameter with 10 loculi. Clypeolabral shield 235–250 µm long, 212–225 µm wide. Labium 3-segmented, triangular, 160–175µm long, 110–135 µm wide; labial setae as follow: basal segment with 2 setae, 5–8 µm long; medial segment with 2 setae, 12–20 µm long; apical segment with 4 setae; 6 apical setae, 10–12 µm long and 2 subapical seta, 7–8 µm long. Mesothoracic and metathoracic spiracles subequal in size; peritreme 50–68 µm long and 30–37 µm wide; pores with 10 loculi and 8 µm wide in a group of 15–22 locular pores laterad to each spiracle; also with 2 pores with 6 loculi, each 6µm diameter, laterad to each anterior peritreme. Tubular ducts present in a complete, dense submarginal band about 11 ducts wide and also sparsely throughout rest of venter; each duct with outer ductule 10–16 µm long; inner end of outer ductule with a sclerotized cup, 4–5 µm diameter, and inner ductule 11–15 µm long. Multilocular pores each diameter 10 µm with 10–12 loculi, arranged in 2–3 transverse rows on each abdominal segment; with a total of 114–120 pores on each segment; also with a group of 52–56 pores just posterior to vulva. Bilocular pores each3 µm long and 2 µm wide, interspersed between tubular ducts in submarginal band. Simple pores 2 µm diameter with a sclerotized rim, interspersed between multilocular pores on abdomen. Ventral setae 7–12 µm long, distributed as follows: about 12 setae just anterior to clypeus between antennae; about 8 setae on median and submedian areas of thorax; about 11 setae mesad to each submarginal band of tubular ducts, in a line from antennae to anal ring; 6 or 8setae, present in a band along each abdominal segment; plus 2 setae 20–25 µm long, placed medially on each abdominal segment. Microspines each 1–2 µm long, in groups of 3–5, in 3–8 rows on each abdominal segment. Anal ring ventral, forming a complete sclerotized circle; diameter 42–60 µm; cells absent; with 6 setae, each 25–40 µm long. Other ventral setae 1 pair of setae, each 10–12 µm long, present just anterior to anal ring; 2 pairs of setae, each 10–12 µm long, present posteriorly to anal ring; 1 pair of stout conical setae (similar in shape to marginal spinose setae but shorter), each 10–12 µm long and wide, present on venter slightly above posterior margin; and 1 pair of apical setae, each 33–35 µm long.
First-instar nymph
General appearance. Dorsum and venter red, body oval and tapering posteriorly, 0.37–0.44 mm long and 0.14–0.2 mm wide. Each with a fringe of curly white wax on margins once first-instars settle on branch for feeding (Fig. 6). Mounted specimen. Oval, 0.45–0.49 mm long and 0.20–0.25 mm wide (Fig. 7). Margin. Marginal setae conical and slightly curved apically, each 10–13 µm long and 5 µm wide at base, in a complete line of 17–22 on each side, smaller conical setae, not-curved, each 5–8 µm long and 3–5 µm wide at base, in a submarginal row of 12–14 setae extending from mesothorax to anal lobe.
Dorsum. Derm membranous; intersegmental lines observable. Dorsal setae 8, each 6–8 µm long, placed in 2 submedian, longitudinal rows on thorax. Simple pores circular, 14, eachabout1 µm diameter, placed in 2 submarginal, longitudinal rows on abdomen.
Venter. Antennae each 6-segmented; total length 102–110 µm; with segment III and VI longest; setal distribution as follows: scape and pedicel each with 2 thin, hair-like setae; segment III with 1 long thin, hair-like seta; IV with 1 fleshy setae; V with 1 fleshy seta and 2 hair-like setae; apical segment with 2 fleshy setae and 5 hair-like setae. Legs well-developed; measurements of hind legs (length in µm); coxae 25–30, trochanter + femur 68–70, tibia 33–38, tarsus 45–50, claw 15–20; total leg length 187–200 µm; trochanter with 2 oval, sensory pores on each side, each pore 3 µm long and about 2 µm wide; setae present on all leg segments; tarsal digitules each 25–30 µm long and knobbed apically, extending beyond apex of claw;claw digitules knobbed apically, each 15–20 µm long; each claw with a single denticle near tip. Clypeolabral shield well-developed; 68–75 µm long and 63–75 µm wide. Labium 3-segmented, triangular, 75–83 µm long and 45–47 µm wide; labial setae as follows: basal segment with 1 setae, rarely 2 setae, 5–8 µm long, median segment with 2 hair-like setae on dorsal surface, 12–13 µm long, apical segment with 6 subapical setae, each 16–20 µm long and 2 apical setae 10–12 µm long. Spiracles subequal in size; each peritreme 3–5 µm diameter; apodeme crescent shaped, 13–15 µm long; each spiracle with 1 quinquelocular pore, 5 µm diameter, placed anterolaterally. Trilocular pores, each about 3 µm wide, distributed as follows: 2 pores between scape just anterior to clypeus; 1 mesad to each coxa, and 2 submedially on abdominal segments V–VII. Bilocular pores oval, 4 total, each 3 µm long and 2 µm wide, present between margin and each spiracle. Ventral setae interantennal setae 6, each 38–45 µm long, in an longitudinal line medially between scapes; also 2 conical setae, about 14–16 µm long and 5 µm wide at base, on anterior apex of head; 1 seta 10–11 µm long, mesad to each coxa associated with each trilocular pore; and 6 longitudinal lines of setae on abdomen; with 2 medial, 2 submedial and 2 submarginal seta per segment; medial and submedial setae each 10–15 µm long, and submarginal setae 5–6 µm long. Microspines each about 3 µm long, arranged in groups of 3 or 4 in 2 transverse rows on each abdominal segment and sparsely on thorax. Anal ring located ventrally; composed of 2 semi-circles; diameter 20–25 µm; each half circle with 4–6 cells and 3 pointed setae, each 13–18 µm long. Other setae with a pair of setae, each 15–18 µm long, anterior to anal ring, and a pair, each 15–20 µm long, latero-posteriorly to anal ring. Anal lobes slightly developed; inner margin of each lobe with 1 pointed seta, 10–13 µm long and 2–3 µm wide, and 1 very long, flagellate seta apically 220–275 µm long.
Taxon Treatment
- Spodek, M; Ben-Dov, Y; 2012: Morphology of the first-instar nymph and adult female of Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, with a comparison to K. vermilio Planchon (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae) ZooKeys, 246: 11-26. doi
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