Lachnoderma
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Ordo: Coleoptera
Familia: Carabidae
Name
Lachnoderma W. J. Macleay, 1873 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Lachnoderma Macleay 1873[1]: 321; Chaudoir 1877[2]: 212; Jedlička 1963[3]: 302; Habu 1967[4]: 133; Tian and Deuve 2001[5]: 123.
Type-species:
Lachnoderma cinctum Macleay, 1873, by monotypy.
Diagnosis
Dorsal side densely and evenly pubescent, pubescence long and erect; labrum and mandibles with long accessory setae (as long as primary ones on labrum); mentum tooth bifid; basal foveae of pronotum wide, not forming groove; elytral striae very coarsely punctate; males with adhesive hairs absent on all tarsomeres; aedeagus with main flagellum of internal sac projected out from apical orifice. This genus is most similar to Dasiosoma; their differences are presented in the diagnosis of Dasiosoma.
Generic characters
Body length 7–10 mm; dorsal side generally reddish brown to dark brown, elytra blue in some species, elytra unicolored or with two small spots near apex. Dorsal side densely and evenly pubescent, pubescence coarse, long and erect, microsculpture indistinct. Head densely pubescent, pubescence rather long, occiput nearly glabrous. Eyes hemispherical, strongly prominent; tempora half length of eyes, gradually narrowed behind eyes; vertex slightly tumid. Antennae extended to about basal one-fourth of elytra. Labrum slightly widened to apex, apical margin usually slightly curved, sometimes with indistinct longitudinal ridge in middle, labrum with faint microsculpture, with long accessory setae, accessory setae as long as six primary setae; mandibles distinctly widened, outer margins rounded, surface with long accessory setae; terminal maxillary palpomeres slightly expanded in both sexes; terminal labial palpomeres strongly expanded in both sexes, more strongly securiform and truncate apically in males, slightly less widened in females; ligula with apex slightly projected, with several long setae; paraglossae membranous, not longer than ligula, adnate; mentum tooth bifid, with several long setae on middle area of mentum, sometimes with a few additional short setae; submentum with two long setae; genae with long setae beneath eyes; gula nearly glabrous except anterior part. Pronotum wider than head; disc, lateral explanate areas densely pubescent; lateral margins setose along full length; mid-lateral primary setae present, hardly distinguishable from long secondary setae on lateral margins; basal foveae wide, not forming groove; pronotal base strongly lobed; lateral margins completely rounded in middle, strongly sinuate before hind angles; hind angles sharp, rectangular or acute, projected or not. Elytra slightly expanded to apex; apex truncate, sutural angles not projected, outer angles completely rounded; basal margination only reaching 4th interval; basal pores distinct; striae not sulcate, coarsely punctate; intervals flat; all intervals densely and evenly pubescent, pubescence long, erect; in some species, intervals rugose or irregularly punctate, striae hardly distinguishable; primary setigerous pores not distinguishable among long pubescence; 7th and 8th intervals slightly tumid near apex. Ventral side with long and dense pubescence, sparser on proepisterna; males with apex of terminal sternum moderately emarginate, straight or slightly curved in females; terminal sternum with two to four setae on each side in both sexes. Legs short; protibiae with cleaning spur well developed, distant from inner margin; tarsi widened, 4th tarsomere bifid, claws pectinate; males with adhesive hairs absent on all tarsomeres. Male genitalia with median lobe of aedeagus stout, not twisted, slightly bent to right side in dorsal view; apical orifice opened apically; apical lamella short and wide; dorsal surface with some fine setae subapically; internal sac with main flagellum slightly thickened, apex projected out from apical orifice, trumpet-form expansion distinct; apical bursa absent; secondary flagellum distinct; an elongate sclerite present near base, subparallel to the trumpet-form expansion (Fig. 85). Female genitalia. Spermatheca tubular, apical part with ring-sculpture, inserted at base of common oviduct; spermathecal gland much longer than spermatheca, inserted near middle of spermatheca; spermatheca not distinctly bent (Fig. 135). Apical segment of ovipositor coniform, slightly curved to outer side; apex sharp; apex with membranous extension long and sharp (Fig. 120).
Distribution
Oriental and Australian Region.
Monophyly and relationships
Dasiosoma is supposed to be closest to Lachnoderma by: (1) surface strongly setose; (2) males with adhesive hairs absent on all tarsomeres.
Monophyly of Lachnoderma is suggested by the following apomorphic character states: (1) labrum and mandibles with long accessory setae; (2) mentum tooth bifid; (3) elytral striae strongly punctate; (4) median lobe of aedeagus with main flagellum pointed out from apical orifice, apical bursa absent.
Taxonomic comments
Jedlička (1963)[3] revised the Oriental species of this genus, totalling four species. Later, Louwerens (1952[6], 1967[7]) and Kirschenhofer (1996)[8] added four Oriental species. Tian and Deuve (2001)[5] added six new species, and provided a key to the Chinese and Vietnamese species.
So far, 15 available names belonging to Lachnoderma have been published, excluding those removed to Dasiosoma in the present paper. Some species haven’t been well defined, while others were merely defined using characters which seem intraspecifically variable, such as body color and elytral punctures. So a revision of this genus seems necessary.
We don’t intend to revise this genus in the present paper, because specimens are so scarce in the collections examined. Moreover, we haven’t found sufficient reliable characters between the known species, even in the male genitalia, since the median lobe of the aedeagus shows only trivial specific differences in the genus.
List of species:
Lachnoderma asperum Bates, 1883: 285. Type locality: Miyanoshita (Japan). Holotype deposited in NHML.
Lachnoderma biguttatum Bates, 1892: 424. Type locality: Shwegoo (Burma). Holotype deposited in MSNG.
Lachnoderma rufithorax Kirschenhofer, 1996: 760 (as subspecies of Lachnoderma biguttatum Bates). Type locality: Kathmandu (Nepal). Syntypes deposited in NMPC and ZSM.
Lachnoderma chebaling Tian & Deuve, 2001: 131. Type locality: Chebaling (Guangdong, China). Holotype deposited in SCAU.
Lachnoderma cheni Tian & Deuve, 2001: 130. Type locality: Huaping (Guangxi, China). Holotype deposited in SCAU.
Lachnoderma cinctum W. J. Macleay, 1873: 321. Type locality: Clarence River (Australia). Syntype deposited in MAMU.
Lachnoderma confusum Tian & Deuve, 2001: 129. Type locality: Kouy-tchéou (Guizhou, China). Holotype deposited in MNHN.
Lachnoderma foveolatum Sloane, 1915: 472. Type locality: Cairns (Australia). Holotype deposited in ANIC.
Lachnoderma metallicum Tian & Deuve, 2001: 129. Type locality: Jinghong (Yunnan, China). Holotype deposited in SCAU.
Lachnoderma nideki Louwerens, 1952: 218. Type locality: Depok (Java). Holotype deposited in NNML.
Lachnoderma philippinense Jedlička, 1934: 120. Type locality: Philippines. Holotype deposited in NMPC.
Lachnoderma polybothris Louwerens, 1967: 207. Type locality: Balabac (Philippines). Holotype deposited in ZMUC.
Lachnoderma tricolor Andrewes, 1926: 289. Type locality: Singapore. Holotype deposited in NHML.
Lachnoderma vietnamense Kirschenhofer, 1996: 759. Type locality: Sapa (Vietnam). Holotype deposited in NHMW.
Lachnoderma yingdeicum Tian & Deuve, 2001: 132. Type locality: Shimentai (Guangdong, China). Holotype deposited in SCAU.
Taxon Treatment
- Shi, H; Zhou, H; Liang, H; 2013: Taxonomic synopsis of the subtribe Physoderina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), with species revisions of eight genera ZooKeys, 284: 1-129. doi
Other References
- ↑ Macleay W (1873) Miscellanea entomologica. Transactions of the Entomological Society of New South Wales 2: 319-370.
- ↑ Chaudoir B (1877) Genres nouveaux et especes inedites de la famille des Carabiques. Bulletin de la Société Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 52 (1): 188-268.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Jedlička A (1963) Monographie der Truncatipennen aus Ostasien, Lebiinae- Odacanthinae- Braehyninae (Coleptera, Carabidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Staatlichen Museum fuer Tierkunde in Dresden 28: 269-579.
- ↑ Habu A (1967) Fauna Japonica, Carabidae Truncatipennes Group (Insecta: Coleoptera). Biogeographical Society of Japan. Japan, 338 pp.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Tian M, Deuve T (2001) Notes on the genus Lachnoderma Macleay, 1873, with descriptions of six new species from China and Vietnam (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Nouvelle Revue d’Entomologie 18 (2): 123-133.
- ↑ Louwerens C (1952) New Carabidae from the Malay Archipelago (Col.). Treubia 21: 211-229.
- ↑ Louwerens C (1967) Philippine Carabidae (Col.) collected by the Noona Dan Expedition. Entomologiske Meddelelser 35: 195-214.
- ↑ Kirschenhofer E (1996) Weitere neue und wenig bekannte Carabidae aus Sued- und Suedostasien (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiinae: Colliurinae, Callistinae, Hexagoninae, Brachininae, Panagaeinae). II. Teil. Linzer Biologische Beiträge 28 (2): 757-799.
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