Phragmatobia
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Ordo: Lepidoptera
Familia: Erebidae
Name
Phragmatobia Stephens, 1828 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
Type species
Phalaena fuliginosa Linnaeus, 1758 (by monotypy).
Type locality
[Europe].
Phragmatobia includes five species distributed in the Palaearctic and Nearctic regions (including one Holarctic species, Phragmatobia fuliginosa (L.)), with the Neotropical species and one Asian species here transferred to other genera. As suggested by Forbes (1960)[1], Phragmatobia is probably most closely related to the Nearctic genus Pyrrharctia Packard; male genitalic and molecular characters strongly support these two as sister taxa (Schmidt 2007[2]). We examined all Phragmatobia species, i.e. Phragmatobia fuliginosa (Linnaeus, 1758), Phragmatobia amurensis Seitz, 1910, Phragmatobia placida (Frivaldszky, 1835), Phragmatobia lineata Newman & Donahue, 1966 and Phragmatobia assimilans Walker, 1855. Examination of the type material (BMNH) of Phragmatobia oberthueri Rothschild, 1910, described from Kuku-Noor, Tibet, revealed that it is a junior synonym of Lachana alpherakii (Grum-Grzhimailo, 1891) [Erebidae: Lymantriinae], syn. n., comb. n., a group recently revised by Trofimova (2008)[3]. Two other species sometimes placed in Phragmatobia in the recent literature have been transferred to other genera, namely Orontobia coelestina Püngeler, 1904 (De Freina 1997[4]) and Epatolmis luctifera ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (Kôda 1988[5]). Watson and Goodger (1986)[6] placed eight Neotropical species in Phragmatobia, three of which were transferred to other genera by Ferguson (1985)[7]. Phragmatobia modesta Maassen, 1890 was recently moved to Amastus Walker [Arctiini: Phaegopterina] by Vincent and Laguerre (2010)[8], leaving four Neotropical species that are dealt with here.
Diagnosis
Phragmatobia is a fairly homogeneous group characterized by the following combination of characters: male antennae simple; wings fully developed in both sexes, forewing transverse lines diffuse or absent; wing colours varying from pinkish red to dark vinaceous red with darkbrown to blackish markings. Microtymbal of metepisternum well developed (Phragmatobia fuliginosa) to obsolete (Phragmatobia assimilans). Male genitalia with apical process of valve finger-like and ovoid in cross section; clasper spade-like, oriented transverse to longitudinal axis of valve, originating from inner surface of valve and directed mesad (divided into a ventral and costal lobe in Phragmatobia fuliginosa); apex of aedeagus with spinose plates; paired, intersegmental coremata present between sternites 7–8. Females with ductus bursae heavily sclerotized, dorso-ventrally flattened, and nearly as wide as width of abdomen; corpus bursae globose, with two signa consisting of small flattened spicules; dorsal pheromone gland paired, each duct with 3–4 branches, the apices of which are rounded.
Taxon Treatment
- Schmidt, B; Freina, J; 2011: Generic placement of the Neotropical species of “ Phragmatobia” (Erebidae, Arctiinae), with a remarkable matrivorous species from the Peruvian Andes ZooKeys, 149: 69-88. doi
Other References
- ↑ Forbes W (1960) The Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Part IV. Agaristidae through Nymphalidae, including butterflies. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir 371: 1-188.
- ↑ Schmidt B (2007) Systematics of Grammia tiger moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Ph. D. thesis, Edmonton, Alberta: University of Alberta.
- ↑ Trofimova T (2008) Systematic notes on Dasorgyia Staudinger, 1881, Dicallomera Butler, 1881, and Lachana Moore, 1888 (Lymantriidae). Nota Lepid. 31: 273 – 291.
- ↑ Freina J (1997) Nouvelles Arctiides de la faune palearctique asiatique (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae, Arctiinae). Linneana Belgica 16: 49-60.
- ↑ Kôda N (1988) A generic classification of the subfamily Arctiinae of the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions based on the male and female genitalia (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae). Part II. Tyô to Ga 39: 1-79.
- ↑ Watson A, Goodger D (1986) Catalogue of the Neotropical tiger moths. Occasional Papers on Systematic Entomology 1–71.
- ↑ Ferguson D (1985) Contributions toward reclassification of the world genera of the tribe Arctiini, Part 1: Introduction and a revision of the Neoarctia-Grammia group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: Arctiini). Entomography 3: 181-275.
- ↑ Vincent B, Laguerre M (2010) Changements nomenclaturaux en vue de l’actualisation du catalogue des Arctiinae neotropicales (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 115: 175-184.
