Megophrys anlongensis
Contents
- 1 Taxonavigation
- 2 Name
- 3 Holotype
- 4 Paratype
- 5 Diagnosis
- 6 Description of holotype
- 7 Colouration of holotype in life
- 8 Colouration of holotype in preservation
- 9 Variation
- 10 Advertisement call
- 11 Secondary sexual characters
- 12 Comparisons
- 13 Distribution and habitats
- 14 Etymology
- 15 Original Description
- 16 Images
| Notice: | This page is derived from the original publication listed below, whose author(s) should always be credited. Further contributors may edit and improve the content of this page and, consequently, need to be credited as well (see page history). Any assessment of factual correctness requires a careful review of the original article as well as of subsequent contributions.
If you are uncertain whether your planned contribution is correct or not, we suggest that you use the associated discussion page instead of editing the page directly. This page should be cited as follows (rationale):
Citation formats to copy and paste
BibTeX: @article{Li2020ZooKeys986, RIS/ Endnote: TY - JOUR Wikipedia/ Citizendium: <ref name="Li2020ZooKeys986">{{Citation See also the citation download page at the journal. |
Ordo: Anura
Familia: Megophryidae
Genus: Megophrys
Name
Megophrys anlongensis Li & Lu & Liu & Wang, 2020 sp. nov. – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link – Pensoft Profile
Holotype
CIBAL20190531018 (Figs 3, 4), adult male, from Anlong County, Guizhou Province, China (24.9899277°N, 105.5990611°E, ca. 1290 m a. s. l.), collected by Jing Liu on 31 May 2019.
Paratype
Four adult males and three females from the same place as holotype collected by Shi-Ze Li and Jing Liu. CIBAL20190531017, CIBAL20190531019, CIBAL20190531021 and CIBAL20190531022 collected on 31 May 2019 by Jing Liu, and CIBAL20190811014 and CIBAL20190811015 collected by Shi-Ze Li on 11 August 2019.
Diagnosis
Megophrys anlongensis sp. nov. is assigned to the genus Megophrys based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and the following generic diagnostic characters: snout shield-like, projecting beyond the lower jaw; canthus rostralis distinct; chest glands small and round, closer to the axilla than to midventral line; femoral glands on rear part of thigh; vertical pupils.
Megophrys anlongensis sp. nov. could be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) body size moderate (SVL 40.0–45.5 mm in males and 48.9–51.2 mm in females); (2) vomerine teeth absent; (3) tongue not notched behind; (4) a small horn-like tubercle at the edge of each upper eyelid; (5) tympanum distinctly visible, oval; (6) two metacarpal tubercles on hand; (7) toes with rudimentary webbing; (8) heels overlapping when thighs are positioned at right angles to the body; (9) tibiotarsal articulation reaching the level of mid-eye when leg stretched forward; (10) an internal single subgular vocal sac in male; (11) in breeding males, brownish nuptial pads, made up of black nuptial spines, present on the dorsal base of the first two fingers.
Description of holotype
(Figs 3, 4). SVL 40.0 mm; head width larger than head length slightly (HDW/HDL ratio about 1.1); snout obtusely pointed, protruding well beyond the margin of the lower jaw in ventral view; loreal region vertical and concave; canthus rostralis well-developed; top of head flat in dorsal view; eye large, eye diameter 35.4% of head length; pupils vertical; nostril orientated laterally, closer to snout than eye; tympanum distinct, 60% of eye diameter; vomerine ridges present and vomerine teeth absent; margin of tongue smooth, not notched behind.
Forelimbs slender, the length of lower arm and hand 47.9% of SVL; fingers slender, relative finger lengths: I < II < V < III; tips of digits globular, without lateral fringes; subarticular tubercle distinct at the base of each finger; two metacarpal tubercles, prominent, oval-shaped, the inner one bigger than the outer one.
Hindlimbs slender; heels overlapping when thighs are positioned at right angles to the body; tibiotarsal articulation reaching the middle eye when leg stretched forward; tibia length longer than thigh length; relative toe lengths I < II < V < III < IV; tips of toes round, slightly dilated; subarticular tubercles present on each toes; toes with rudimentary webbing and narrow lateral fringe; inner metatarsal tubercle oval-shaped; outer metatarsal tubercle absent.
Dorsal skin rough, several large warts scattered on flanks; a small horn-like tubercle at the edge of each upper eyelid; tubercles on the dorsum forming a weak X-shaped ridge, two dorsolateral parallel ridges on either side of the X-shaped ridges; an inverted triangular brown speckle between two upper eyelids; several tubercles on the flanks and dorsal surface of thighs and tibias; supratympanic fold distinct.
Ventral surface smooth; numerous granules scattered on flanks; glands on chest indistinct; numerous white granules on outer thighs and posterior end of the body distinctly protruding and forming an arc-shaped swelling above the anal region.
Colouration of holotype in life
(Fig. 3). Dorsal brown, an inverted triangular brown speckle between the eyes; X-shaped ridges on the dorsum, four dark transverse bands on the dorsal surface of the thigh and shank; ventral surface of body brown with white spots; several dark brown and white vertical bars on the lower and upper lip; ventral surface of anterior limb orange, with some brown spots and posterior limb orange with numerous white granules; tip of digits pale grey; inner metatarsal tubercle and two metacarpal tubercles pinkish; soles uniform black; pectoral glands white.
Colouration of holotype in preservation
(Fig. 4). Colour of dorsal surface fades to taupe; the inverted triangular brown speckle between the eyes and X-shaped ridges on dorsum are more distinct; ventral surface greyish white; creamy white substitutes the purple-grey on tip of digits; the posterior of ventral surface of body, inner of thigh and upper of tibia fades to creamy white.
Variation
In CIBAL20190531017 the inverted triangular brown speckle is connected to the X-shape ridge (Fig. 5A), and the ventral surface is reddish brown with creamy white in the posterior of belly (Fig. 5B); in CIBAL20190531022 an X-shaped marking on the dorsum (Fig. 5C), and anterior of ventral surface is brownish (Fig. 5D); in CIBAL20190811014 dorsal skin more rough, some black warts scattered on dorsal (Fig. 5E), and the white spots on ventral surface are less numerous and some black spots are mixed with the white spots or brown spots on ventral surface (Fig. 5F).
Advertisement call
The call description is based on recordings of the holotype CIBAL20190531018 (Fig. 6) calling from a shrub leaf near a streamlet, and the ambient air temperature was 18.5 °C. Each call consists of 14–26 (mean 22.5 ± 4.4, N = 6) notes. Call duration was 2832–5621 ms (mean 4413 ± 972, N = 6). Call interval was 6812–14387 ms (mean 10878 ± 2701, N = 5). Each note had a duration of 129–211 ms (mean 167 ± 0.02, N = 135) and the intervals between notes 34–94 ms (mean 57 ± 0.01, N = 128). Amplitude modulation within note was apparent, beginning with moderately high energy pulses, increasing slightly to a maximum by approximately mid note, and then decreasing towards the end of each note. The average dominant frequency was 2469 ± 197.47 (2250–3000 Hz, N = 6).
Secondary sexual characters
Adult males have a single subgular vocal sac. In breeding males, brownish nuptial pads, made up of black nuptial spines, present on the dorsal bases of the first two fingers (Fig. 3C).
Comparisons
By body size medium, Megophrys anlongensis sp. nov. differs from M. aceras, M. acuta, M. angka, M. auralensis, M. binchuanensis, M. boettgeri, M. caobangensis, M. cheni, M. daweimontis, M. dringi, M. elfina, M. feii, M. gerti, M. jinggangensis, M. jiulianensis, M. kuatunensis, M. leishanensis, M. lishuiensis, M. microstoma, M. mufumontana, M. nankunensis, M. nanlingensis, M. obesa, M. ombrophila, M. oropedion, M. pachyproctus, M. palpebralespinosa, M. rubrimera, M. serchhipii, M. shimentaina, M. shunhuangensis, M. vegrandis, M. wugongensis, M. wuliangshanensis, M. wushanensis, M. xianjuensis, M. yangmingensis, M. zhangi, and M. zunhebotoensis (SVL > 40.0 mm in the new species vs. maximum SVL < 39.0 mm in the latter), and differs from M. carinense, M. caudoprocta, M. chuannanensis, M. damrei, M. feae, M. flavipunctata, M. gigantica, M. glandulosa, M. himalayana, M. kalimantanensis, M. kobayashii, M. lekaguli, M. ligayae, M. mangshanensis, M. medogensis, M. mirabilis, M. nasuta, M. omeimontis, M. orientalis, M. periosa, M. platyparietus, M. popei, M. sangzhiensis, M. shapingensis, and M. shuichengensis (maximum SVL < 52.0 mm in the new species vs. minimum SVL > 54.0 mm in the latter), and differs from M. edwardinae and M. monticola (SVL 48.9–51.2 mm in female in the new species vs. 69–82 mm in M. edwardinae and 40.5 mm in M. monticola).
By vomerine teeth absent, Megophrys anlongensis sp. nov. differs from M. ancrae, M. baluensis, M. carinense, M. caudoprocta, M. chuannanensis, M. damrei, M. daweimontis, M. dongguanensis, M. fansipanensis, M. feae, M. flavipunctata, M. glandulosa, M. himalayana, M. hoanglienensis, M. insularis, M. intermedia, M. jingdongensis, M. jinggangensis, M. jiulianensis, M. kalimantanensis, M. kobayashii, M. lancip, M. lekaguli, M. liboensis, M. ligayae, M. longipes, M. mangshanensis, M. maosonensis, M. medogensis, M. megacephala, M. montana, M. nankunensis, M. nanlingensis, M. nasuta, M. omeimontis, M. oreocrypta, M. orientalis, M. oropedion, M. pachyproctus, M. palpebralespinosa, M. parallela, M. parva, M. periosa, M. platyparietus, M. popei, M. robusta, M. rubrimera, M. serchhipii, M. shimentaina, M. stejnegeri, M. takensis, M. zhangi, and M. zunhebotoensis (vs. present in the latter).
By a small horn-like tubercle at the edge of each upper eyelid, Megophrys anlongensis sp. nov. differs from M. aceras, M. acuta, M. carinense, M. caudoprocta, M. chuannanensis, M. feae, M. gerti, M. hansi, M. intermedia, M. intermedia, M. jinggangensis, M. kalimantanensis, M. koui, M. lancip, M. liboensis, M. microstoma, M. montana, M. nasuta, M. orientalis, M. palpebralespinosa, M. platyparietus, M. popei, M. shuichengensis, M. stejnegeri, and M. synoria (vs. having a prominent and elongated tubercle in the latter).
By tongue not notched behind, Megophrys anlongensis sp. nov. differs from M. ancrae, M. baolongensis, M. binlingensis, M. boettgeri, M. carinense, M. cheni, M. chuannanensis, M. damrei, M. dringi, M. fansipanensis,M. feae, M. feii, M. flavipunctata, M. gerti, M. glandulosa, M. hoanglienensis, M. huangshanensis, M. insularis, M. jiulianensis. M. jingdongensis, M. kalimantanensis , M. kuatunensis, M. liboensis, M. mangshanensis, M. maosonensis, M. medogensis, M. minor, M. nankiangensis, M. nanlingensis, M. omeimontis, M. oropedion, M. pachyproctus, M. parallela, M. popei, M. robusta, M. sangzhiensis, M. shapingensis, M. shuichengensis, M. spinata, M. vegrandis, M. wawuensis, M. zhangi, and M. zunhebotoensis (vs. tongue notched behind in the latter).
By toes with narrow lateral fringes, Megophrys anlongensis sp. nov. differs from M. angka, M. baolongensis, M. brachykolos, M. caobangensis, M. chishuiensis, M. damrei, M. daweimontis, M. dongguanensis, M. fansipanensis, M. feae, M. himalayana, M. hoanglienensis, M. huangshanensis, M. insularis, M. jiangi, M. jiulianensis, M. kalimantanensis, M. koui, M. lekaguli, M. lishuiensis, M. major, M. mangshanensis, M. medogensis, M. megacephala, M. microstoma, M. minor, M. nankunensis, M. obesa, M. ombrophila, M. oreocrypta, M. oropedion, M. pachyproctus, M. parva, M. periosa, M. shunhuangensis, M. takensis, M. tuberogranulata, M. wawuensis, M. wugongensis, M. wuliangshanensis, and M. xianjuensis (vs. lacking lateral fringes on toes in the latter), and differs from M. binchuanensis, M. boettgeri, M. carinense, M. cheni, M. chuannanensis, M. dringi, M. feii, M. gigantica, M. glandulosa, M. intermedia, M. jingdongensis, M. liboensis, M. lini, M. orientalis, M. palpebralespinosa, M. platyparietus, M. shapingensis, M. shuichengensis, M. spinata, and M. xiangnanensis (vs. with wide lateral fringes in the latter).
By toes with rudimentary webbing, Megophrys anlongensis sp. nov. differs from M. brachykolos, M. carinense, M. flavipunctata, M. jingdongensis, M. jinggangensis, M. lini, M. major, M. palpebralespinosa, M. popei, M. shuichengensis, and M. spinata (vs. at least one-fourth webbed in the latter).
By heels overlapping when thighs are positioned at right angles to the body, Megophrys anlongensis sp. nov. differs from M. acuta, M. brachykolos, M. dongguanensis, M. huangshanensis, M. kuatunensis, M. nankunensis, M. obesa, M. ombrophila, and M. wugongensis (vs. not meeting in the latter).
By tibiotarsal articulation reaching to the level of mid-eye when leg stretched forward, Megophrys anlongensis sp. nov. differs from M. daweimontis, M. glandulosa, M. lini, M. major, M. medogensis, M. obesa, and M. sangzhiensis (vs. reaching the anterior corner of the eye or beyond eye or nostril or tip of snout in the latter), differs from M. mufumontana (vs. reaching tympanum in males and to the eye in females in the latter), and differs from M. chishuiensis (vs. reaching the level between tympanum and eye in the latter).
By having an internal single subgular vocal sac in male, Megophrys anlongensis sp. nov. differs from M. caudoprocta, M. shapingensis, and M. shuichengensis (vs. vocal sac absent in the latter).
Megophrys anlongensis sp. nov. is genetically closest to M. binchuanensis. The new species could be identified from M. binchuanensis distinctly by having a bigger body size (SVL 40.0–45.5 mm in males and 48.9–51.2 in females in the new species vs. SVL 32.0–36.0 mm in males and 40.2–42.5 mm in females in the latter), having narrow lateral fringes on toes (vs. wide in the latter), and heels overlapping when thighs are positioned at right angles to the body (vs. just meeting in the latter).
Distribution and habitats
Megophrys anlongensis sp. nov. is known only from the type locality, Anlong County, Guizhou Province, China at elevations between 1400–1600 m. The individuals were frequently found near the streams surrounded by evergreen broadleaved forests (Fig. 7).
Etymology
The specific name anlongensis refers to the known distribution of this species, Anlong County, Guizhou Province, China. We propose the common English name “Anlong horned toad”, and Chinese name “An Long Jiao Chan” (安龙角蟾).
Original Description
- Li, S; Lu, N; Liu, J; Wang, B; 2020: Description of a new Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura, Megophryidae) from Guizhou Province, China ZooKeys, 986: 101-126. doi
Images
|
