Biston betularia

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Jiang N, Xue D, Han H (2011) A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 139 : 45–96, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2011-10-25, version 17893, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Biston_betularia&oldid=17893 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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BibTeX:

@article{Jiang2011ZooKeys139,
author = {Jiang, Nan AND Xue, Dayong AND Han, Hongxiang},
journal = {ZooKeys},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species},
year = {2011},
volume = {139},
issue = {},
pages = {45--96},
doi = {10.3897/zookeys.139.1308},
url = {http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/1308/abstract},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2011-10-25, version 17893, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Biston_betularia&oldid=17893 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

RIS/ Endnote:

TY - JOUR
T1 - A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species
A1 - Jiang N
A1 - Xue D
A1 - Han H
Y1 - 2011
JF - ZooKeys
JA -
VL - 139
IS -
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308
SP - 45
EP - 96
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2011-10-25, version 17893, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Biston_betularia&oldid=17893 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/zookeys.139.1308

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

<ref name="Jiang2011ZooKeys139">{{Citation
| author = Jiang N, Xue D, Han H
| title = A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species
| journal = ZooKeys
| year = 2011
| volume = 139
| issue =
| pages = 45--96
| pmid =
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/zookeys.139.1308
| url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/1308/abstract
| pmc =
| accessdate = 2025-04-05

}} Versioned wiki page: 2011-10-25, version 17893, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Biston_betularia&oldid=17893 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Lepidoptera
Familia: Geometridae
Genus: Biston

Name

Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758) – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

Diagnosis

See the previous species.

Material examineds

CHINA, Xinjiang (ZFMK): Urumtschi, Tian-schan, 1♂ (Holotype of Biston huberaria tienschana). Szetschwan [Sichuan] (ZFMK): Tachien-lu [Kangding], 1♂ (Holotype of Biston cognataria sinitibetica Wehrli, 1941). Heilongjiang (IZCAS): Dailing, 390 m, 3–9.VII.1962, coll. Bai Jiuwei, 3♂; Jiamusi, 23.VIII.1970, coll. Song Shimei, 1♂; Wuchang, 8–10.VII.1970, 2♂2♀. Jilin (IZCAS): Changbaishan, 2–13.VII.1982, coll. Zhang Baolin, 10♂2♀; Beipiao, 1984, coll. Liu Jin, 1♂. Inner Mongolia (IZCAS): Wuchagou, 21.VII.1981, 1♂; Jiwen, 15–27.VII.1982, 1♂1♀; Genhe, 4.VII.1983, 1♂1♀; Xilin Gol, 1100 m, 21.VII.1985, coll. Liu Dajun, 2♂; Oragxan, 4.VII.1983, 1♀; Oragxan, 27.VI.1985, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Chen Barag, Bayan Hure, 2–3.VII.1986, 1♂1♀; Oroqen, Alihe, 31.VII.1986, coll. Gong Yushan, 1♂; Dayangshu, 20–23.VI.1983, coll. Xue Dayong, 2♂1♀. Beijing (IZCAS): Sanpu, 16.VII.1965, 1♂; Baihuashan, 16.VII–1.VIII.1972, coll. Han Yinheng and Zhang Baolin, 8♂; Mentougou, Xiaolongmen, 1100 m, 23.VI.2001, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Mentougou, Liyuanling, 1100 m, 11–12.VIII.2004, coll. Li Hongmei, 1♂. Hebei (IZCAS): Chengde, 11.VI.1980, 2♂; Chicheng, Longmensuo, Liuzhuangzi, 10–11.VIII.2006, coll. Yang Chao, 1♂1♀. Shanxi (IZCAS):Yuncheng, Zhongtiaoshan, coll. Cao Tianwen, 4♂. Henan (IZCAS): Linxian, 1981, 1♂; Lingbao, Chuankou, 20.VII.1981, 1♂. Shaanxi (IZCAS): Huangbaiyuan, 13.VII.1980, coll. Zhang Baolin, 1♂; Yan’an, 5.VI.1981, 3♂2♀; Taibai, 3.VII.1981, 1♀; Liuba, 1020 m, 18.VII.1998, coll. Zhang Xuezhong, 2♂. Ningxia (IZCAS): Jingyuan, 1998–2295 m, 25.VI.–10.VII.2008, coll. Song Wenhui, 32♂1♀; Longde, 2165–2330 m, 3–5.VII.2008, coll. Song Wenhui, 11♂2♀. Gansu (IZCAS): Yongdeng, Liancheng Linchang, 20.VII–15.VIII.1985, coll. Meng Feng, 2♂; Yongdeng, Tulugou, 2280 m, 25–29.VII.1991, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂3♀; Yongdeng, Liancheng Linchang, Tulugou, 2600 m, 8.VIII.2005, coll. Li Jing and Han Hongxiang, 2♂; Zhuoni, 2500 m, 4.IX.1990, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Kangxian, Baiyunshan, 1250–1750 m, 12.VII.1998, coll. Yao Jian, 1♂; Zhouqu, Shatan Linchang, 2350 m, 4–5.VII.1998, coll. Wang Hongjian and Wang Shuyong, 18♂2♀; Zhouqu, Shatan Linchang, 2357 m, 22.VIII.2001, coll. Cao Xiuwen, 1♂; Diebu, Anzigou, 20.VI–20.VII.2000, 4♂; Dangchang, 1800 m, 7.VII.1998, coll. Yao Jian, 3♂; Wenxian, Qiujiaba, 2350 m, 7–22.VII.1999, coll. Yao Jian, 3♂1♀; Wenxian, Tielou, 1450 m, 24.VII.1999, coll. Zhu Chaodong, 8♂. Qinghai (IZCAS): Menyuan, Xianmi, 2800 m, 23–24.VII.1992, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂5♀; Huanglin, 17.VII.1977, coll. Zhang Baolin, 1♂; Huzhu, Beishan, 2300 m, 30.VII.1991, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Huzhu, Beishan Linchang, Langshidang, 2600 m, 6–7.VIII.2005, coll. Xue Dayong, 4♂3♀; Tongren, Maixiu, 2950 m, 30.VII–1.VIII.1992, coll. Xue Dayong, 14♂2♀; Xining, 6.VII.1981, 1♀. Xinjiang (IZCAS): Ürümqi, 21.VI.1965, 2♂; Ürümqi, 1974.VI.22, coll. Chen Yixin, 1♂; Aksu, 19.VII.1982, 1♂. Fujian (IZCAS): Mt. Wuyi, Sangang, 5–9.VI.1983, coll. Wang Linyao, 4♂. Sichuan (IZCAS): Batang, 1974, 8♂; Mt. Emei, Qingyinge, 800–1000 m, 1.V.1957, coll. Huang Keren, 1♂; Kangding, 30.VI–6.VII.1979, coll. Chen Tailu, 8♂1♀. Yunnan (IZCAS): Deqin, 3250 m, 15.VII.1982, coll. Wang Shuyong, 2♂; Xiaozhongdian, 3100 m, 31.VII.1984, coll. Chen Yixin, 1♀; Lijiang, Shiyan Linchang, 2460 m, V.1979, 1♂; Lijiang, Yulongshan, 2700–2850 m, 17–27.VII.1984, coll. Chen Yixin and Liu Dayun, 4♂1♀; Lijiang, Yuhu, 2700 m, 27.VII.1984, coll. Liu Dayun, 1♂; Lijiang, Gaoshan Zhiwuyuan, 3260 m, 15–18.VI.2009, coll. Qi Feng, 1♂; Cuishan, Shatanshao, 2300 m, 13.VIII.1980, 1♂; Kunming, Jinzhusi, 1880 m, 15.VIII.1980, 1♂; Yongping, Beidou, Qianmatang, 2200 m, 10.VIII.1980, 1♂. Tibet (IZCAS): Qamdo, 19.VIII.1984, coll. Jiang Basang, 1♀; Markam, Pula, 23.VII.1984, coll. Jiang Basang, 2♂; Nyingchi, Shang Zayü, 1960 m, 21–23.VIII.2005, coll. Wang Xuejian, 6♂; Nyingchi, Bayi, 2999 m, 1–3.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun, 2♀; Mainling, Pai, Zhuanyunzhan, 2883 m, 4–6.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun, 1♀; Yadong, 2800 m, 8.VI.1961, coll. Wang Linyao, 1♂; Yadong, 14.VI.1983, coll. Wangjia Tsering, 1♀. MONGOLIA (IZCAS): Batshireet, Hentiy, 1108 m, 29.VI.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 20♂; Binder, Henity, 1032 m, 29.VI–1.VII.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 20♂5♀; Dadal, Hentiy, 944 m, 2.VII.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 10♂; Choybalsan, Dornod, 733 m, 6.VII.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 2♂. More material from Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Yunnan in coll. ZFMK.

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), Russia, Mongolia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Nepal, Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Europe, North America.

Remarks

There are two subspecies of Biston betularia distributed in China, they are Biston betularia parva Leech, 1897 (Biston robustum var. parva Leech, 1897, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (6) 19: 323. Syntypes 1♂, 2♀, China: Kangding. (BMNH)) (Figs 13–16, 73, 100, 119) and Biston betularia nepalensis Inoue, 1982 (Biston betularia nepalensis Inoue, 1982, Bull. Fac. domest. Sci. Otsuma Wom. Univ., 18: 175, figs 40a, b. Holotype ♂, Nepal: Tukcha, near Daulagiri. (BMNH)) (Figs 17–18, 74, 101, 120). In China, the former is widely distributed in the greater part of the country, the latter is distributed in Yunnan and Tibet, and can be distinguished from the former by the weaker transverse lines and the blunter projections of the postmedian lines on both wings.

Taxon Treatment

  • Jiang, N; Xue, D; Han, H; 2011: A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species ZooKeys, 139: 45-96. doi

Other References

  1. ↑ Linnaeus C (1758) Systema Naturae (Ed. 10). Vol. 1, Stockholm, Sweden, 824 pp.
  2. ↑ Poda N (1761) Insecta Musei Græcensis, quae in ordines, genera et species juxta systema naturae Caroli Linnaei. Widmanstad, Graecii, 127 pp.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Wehrli E (1938–1954) Subfamilie: Geometrinae. In: Seitz A (Ed) Die Grossschmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 4 (Supplement), Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, 254–766, taf. 19–53.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Parsons M, Scoble M, Honey M, Pitkin L, Pitkin B (1999) The catalogue. In: Scoble M (Ed). Geometrid moths of the world: a Catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). CSIRO, Collingwood: 1-1016.
  5. ↑ Borkhausen M (1794) Naturgeschichte der Europäischen Schmetterlinge nach systematischer Ordnung 5. Theil: der Phalänen dritte Horde: Spanner. Frankfurt, 572 pp.
  6. ↑ Hübner J (1825) Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge. J. Hübner, Augsburg, 431 pp.
  7. ↑ Millière P (1870) Iconographie et Description de Chenilles et Lépidopteres inédits, 3: 488 pp, 54 pls.
  8. ↑ Warren W (1899) New species and genera of the families Drepanulidae, Thyrididae, Uraniidae, Epiplemidae, and Geometridae from the Old-World Regions. Novitates Zoologicae 6: 1-66.
  9. ↑ Prout L (1912–1916) The Palaearctic Geometrae. In: Seitz A (Ed) The Macrolepidoptera of the World. Vol. 4, Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, 1–479, pls. 1–25.

Images

Figures 4–20. Adults of Biston. 4–6 Biston melacron. 4 male (holotype 5 male 6 ditto, underside 7–10 Biston marginata. 7 male 8 ditto, underside 9 female 10 ditto, underside 11–12 Biston thoracicaria. 11 male 12 female 13–16 Biston betularia parva. 13 male (holotype of Biston huberaria tienschana) 14 male (holotype of Biston cognataria sinitibetica) 15 mal 16 female 17–18 Biston betularia nepalensis. 17 male 18 female 19–20 Biston robustum. 19 male (holotype of Biston robustum kiangsua) 20 male. Scale bar = 1 cm.
Figures 4–20. Adults of Biston. 4–6 Biston melacron. 4 male (holotype 5 male 6 ditto, underside 7–10 Biston marginata. 7 male 8 ditto, underside 9 female 10 ditto, underside 11–12 Biston thoracicaria. 11 male 12 female 13–16 Biston betularia parva. 13 male (holotype of Biston huberaria tienschana) 14 male (holotype of Biston cognataria sinitibetica) 15 mal 16 female 17–18 Biston betularia nepalensis. 17 male 18 female 19–20 Biston robustum. 19 male (holotype of Biston robustum kiangsua) 20 male. Scale bar = 1 cm. 
Figures 70–75. Male genitalia of Biston. 70 Biston melacron 71 Biston marginata 72 Biston thoracicaria 73 Biston betularia parva 74 Biston betularia nepalensis 75 Biston robustum. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figures 70–75. Male genitalia of Biston. 70 Biston melacron 71 Biston marginata 72 Biston thoracicaria 73 Biston betularia parva 74 Biston betularia nepalensis 75 Biston robustum. Scale bar = 1 mm. 
Figures 95–104. Male genitalia of Biston. 95 Biston panterinaria panterinaria. From Chebaling, Shixing, Guangdong 96 Biston panterinaria exanthemata. Scale bar = 1 mm. Aedeagus of Biston. 97 Biston melacron 98 Biston marginata 99 Biston thoracicaria 100 Biston betularia parva 101 Biston betularia nepalensis 102 Biston robustum 103 Biston mediolata sp. n. 104 Biston contectaria. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figures 95–104. Male genitalia of Biston. 95 Biston panterinaria panterinaria. From Chebaling, Shixing, Guangdong 96 Biston panterinaria exanthemata. Scale bar = 1 mm. Aedeagus of Biston. 97 Biston melacron 98 Biston marginata 99 Biston thoracicaria 100 Biston betularia parva 101 Biston betularia nepalensis 102 Biston robustum 103 Biston mediolata sp. n. 104 Biston contectaria. Scale bar = 1 mm. 
Figures 117–120. Female genitalia of Biston and enlarged view of signum. 117 Biston marginata 118 Biston thoracicaria 119 Biston betularia parva 120 Biston betularia nepalensis. Scale bar for female genitalia = 1 mm. (s = signum)
Figures 117–120. Female genitalia of Biston and enlarged view of signum. 117 Biston marginata 118 Biston thoracicaria 119 Biston betularia parva 120 Biston betularia nepalensis. Scale bar for female genitalia = 1 mm. (s = signum) 
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