Dipsas oswaldobaezi

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Arteaga A, Salazar-Valenzuela D, Mebert K, Peñafiel N, Aguiar G, Sánchez-Nivicela J, Pyron R, Colston T, Cisneros-Heredia D, Yánez-Muñoz M, Venegas P, Guayasamin J, Torres-Carvajal O (2018) Systematics of South American snail-eating snakes (Serpentes, Dipsadini), with the description of five new species from Ecuador and Peru. ZooKeys (766) : 79–147, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2018-06-14, version 167807, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Dipsas_oswaldobaezi&oldid=167807 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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BibTeX:

@article{Arteaga2018ZooKeys,
author = {Arteaga, Alejandro AND Salazar-Valenzuela, David AND Mebert, Konrad AND Peñafiel, Nicolás AND Aguiar, Gabriela AND Sánchez-Nivicela, Juan C. AND Pyron, R. Alexander AND Colston, Timothy J. AND Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. AND Yánez-Muñoz, Mario H. AND Venegas, Pablo J. AND Guayasamin, Juan M. AND Torres-Carvajal, Omar},
journal = {ZooKeys},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {Systematics of South American snail-eating snakes (Serpentes, Dipsadini), with the description of five new species from Ecuador and Peru},
year = {2018},
volume = {},
issue = {766},
pages = {79--147},
doi = {10.3897/zookeys.766.24523},
url = {https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24523},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2018-06-14, version 167807, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Dipsas_oswaldobaezi&oldid=167807 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

RIS/ Endnote:

TY - JOUR
T1 - Systematics of South American snail-eating snakes (Serpentes, Dipsadini), with the description of five new species from Ecuador and Peru
A1 - Arteaga A
A1 - Salazar-Valenzuela D
A1 - Mebert K
A1 - Peñafiel N
A1 - Aguiar G
A1 - Sánchez-Nivicela J
A1 - Pyron R
A1 - Colston T
A1 - Cisneros-Heredia D
A1 - Yánez-Muñoz M
A1 - Venegas P
A1 - Guayasamin J
A1 - Torres-Carvajal O
Y1 - 2018
JF - ZooKeys
JA -
VL -
IS - 766
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.766.24523
SP - 79
EP - 147
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2018-06-14, version 167807, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Dipsas_oswaldobaezi&oldid=167807 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/zookeys.766.24523

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

<ref name="Arteaga2018ZooKeys">{{Citation
| author = Arteaga A, Salazar-Valenzuela D, Mebert K, Peñafiel N, Aguiar G, Sánchez-Nivicela J, Pyron R, Colston T, Cisneros-Heredia D, Yánez-Muñoz M, Venegas P, Guayasamin J, Torres-Carvajal O
| title = Systematics of South American snail-eating snakes (Serpentes, Dipsadini), with the description of five new species from Ecuador and Peru
| journal = ZooKeys
| year = 2018
| volume =
| issue = 766
| pages = 79--147
| pmid =
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/zookeys.766.24523
| url = https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24523
| pmc =
| accessdate = 2024-12-13

}} Versioned wiki page: 2018-06-14, version 167807, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Dipsas_oswaldobaezi&oldid=167807 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Squamata
Familia: Dipsadidae
Genus: Dipsas

Name

Dipsas oswaldobaezi Arteaga & Salazar-Valenzuela & Mebert & Peñafiel & Aguiar & Sánchez-Nivicela & Pyron & Colston & Cisneros-Heredia & Yánez-Muñoz & Venegas & Guayasamin & Torres-Carvajal, 2018 sp. n. – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link – Pensoft Profile

Proposed standard English name

Oswaldo Báez’ Snail-Eater

Proposed standard Spanish name

Caracolera de Oswaldo Báez

Holotype

QCAZ 10369 (Fig. 13), adult female collected by Silvia Aldás and Gabriel Zapata on March 03, 2010 at Quebrada El Faique, province of Loja, Ecuador (S4.17889, W80.04226; 1004 m).

Paratypes

BMNH1935.11.3.108, adult female collected by Clodoveo Carrión in the valley of Catamayo, province of Loja, Ecuador (S3.98064, W79.35928; 1289 m). MUSM 2192, adult male collected by Otavio Ruíz in Piura (department or city not specified), Peru. MZUA.RE.0286, adult of undetermined sex collected by Valentina Posse on December 2015 at Huaquillas, province of El Oro, Ecuador (S3.54115, W80.08646; 39 m). QCAZ 14051, adult of undetermined sex collected by Paul Székely and Diana Székely on March 18, 2015 at Reserva Ecológica Arenillas, province of El Oro, Ecuador (S3.62110, W80.17513; 41 m). QCAZ 14060, adult of undetermined sex collected by Paul Székely and Diana Székely on June 16, 2015 at Guabillo, province of El Oro, Ecuador (S3.60346, W80.18139; 44 m). QCAZ 15108, adult female collected by Diego Almeida, Darwin Núñez, Eloy Nusirquia, Santiago Guamán and Guadalupe Calle on November 12, 2016 at Reserva La Ceiba-Pilares, province of Loja, Ecuador (S4.27502, W80.32805; 534 m) (Fig. 14).

Diagnosis

Dipsas oswaldobaezi is placed in the genus Dipsas based on phylogenetic evidence (Fig. 3) and the absence of a labial that is noticeably higher than other labials and in contact with the postocular, primary and secondary temporals. The species differs from all described species of Dipsas based on the following combination of characters: (1) 15/15/15 smooth dorsals with a slightly enlarged vertebral row (1–1.2 times as wide as adjacent rows); (2) loreal and prefrontal in contact with orbit; (3) six supralabials with 3rd and 4th contacting orbit; (4) no infralabials in contact behind symphysial; (5) 163–179 ventrals in males, 177–179 in females; (6) 68–70 divided subcaudals in males, 65–66 in females; (7) dorsal ground color light sandy brown with a pattern of 55–63 drab to brown black-edged middorsal blotches that are wider (7–9 vertebral scale rows) and solid down to the edges of the ventrals on the first one third of the body, but becoming narrower (1–3 vertebral scales long) and broken up laterally towards the tail; interspaces finely speckled with brown pigment; ground color of the head light sandy brown with a thin light cream nuchal collar and bold dark brown to black irregular blotches scattered on head plates and edging supralabials; ventral surfaces sandy brown with fine black speckling (Fig. 13b); iris sandy brown with dense dark brown speckling; (8) 277–348 mm SVL in males, 407–428 mm in females; (9) 85–114 mm TL in males, 110–122 mm in females.

Comparisons

Dipsas oswaldobaezi is most similar to D. williamsi, D. georgejetti, D. oligozonata, and D. vagrans, in that order, all of which were previously included in the genus Sibynomorphus. From D. williamsi, it differs in having 7–9 infralabials (vs. 10 in D. williamsi), first supralabial not in contact with prefrontal (vs. in broad contact in D. williamsi), and dorsal blotches that are lighter in the middle (vs. dark solid blotches). From D. georgejetti (Figs 11, 12), it differs in having 6 supralabials with 3rd and 4th bordering the eye (vs. 7 supralabials with 4th and 5th bordering the eye in D. georgejetti). From D. oligozonata (Fig. 1o) and D. vagrans, it differs in having more than 160 ventrals. Dipsas oswaldobaezi further differs from D. oligozonata in having distinct bold crossbands at least middorsally along the whole length of the body, instead of being present only on the anterior half of the body. Genetic divergence in a 529 bp long fragment of the mitochondrial Cytb gene between D. oswaldobaezi and D. williamsi is 4.0–4.2%, whereas intraspecific distances are less than 0.2% in D. williamsi. For the same fragment, the distance between D. oswaldobaezi and D. georgejetti is 8.3%.

Description of holotype

Adult female, SVL 277 mm, tail length 85 mm (31% SVL); head length 9.5 mm (3.4% SVL) from tip of snout to commissure of mouth; head width 7.3 mm (76% head length) taken at broadest point; snout-orbit distance 3.3 mm; head distinct from neck; snout short, blunt in dorsal and lateral outline; rostral 2.1 mm wide, broader than high; internasals 1.2 mm wide, broader than long; prefrontals 2.2 mm wide, slightly broader than long and contacting orbit; supraocular 2.6 mm long, longer than broad; frontal 2.9 mm long, pentagonal, in contact with prefrontals, supraoculars, and parietals; parietals 4.2 mm long, longer than broad; nasal not divided, in contact with first supralabial, loreal, prefrontal, internasal, and rostral; loreal 1.3 mm long, longer than high, entering orbit; eye diameter 2.2 mm; pupil semi-elliptical; no preocular; two postoculars; temporals 2+2; 6 supralabials, 3rd and 4th contacting orbit; symphysial separated from chinshields by the first pair of infralabials; 9/8 (right/left) infralabials, 1–6/1–5 contacting chinshields; both pairs of chinshields longer than broad; dorsal scales in 15/15/15 rows, smooth, without apical pits; 179 ventrals; 70 divided subcaudals; cloacal plate single.

Natural history

Individuals of Dipsas oswaldobaezi have been found active by night on vegetation or at ground level in forested environments, pastures, or rural gardens. One individual (QCAZ 15108) was found hidden under leaf litter during daytime. Two individuals (MZUA.RE.0286 and QCAZ 14060) were found dead on roads.

Distribution

Deciduous and semideciduous lowland to lower montane forests and dry lowland shrublands in southwestern Ecuador (provinces of Loja and El Oro) and northwestern Peru (department of Tumbes), at elevation between 39 and 1289 m (Fig. 5).

Etymology

The specific name oswaldobaezi honors Dr. Oswaldo Báez, a renowned Ecuadorian biologist and researcher who has dedicated his life to the teaching of science, scientific thinking, and the conservation of nature. Oswaldo Báez has played a major role in science education in Ecuador through many popular science articles and books.

Conservation status

We consider Dipsas oswaldobaezi to be Vulnerable following the IUCN criteria B1a,b(iii, iv) (IUCN 2001) because its extent of occurrence is estimated to be 8,605 km2; it is known only from eight localities effectively corresponding to four patches of forest lacking connectivity between them, and its habitat is severely fragmented and declining in extent and quality due to deforestation.

Remarks

In his revision of Dipsas oligozonata, Cadle (2007)[1] allocated three additional specimens (AMNH 110587, BMNH 1935.11.3.108 and MUSM 2192) to a species known only from the holotype (EPN 3612), collected at Zhila, province of Azuay (S3.50280, W79.18808; 2795 m) (Fig. 5). AMNH 110587 was collected ca. 34 km airline distance from the type locality at an elevation of 2204 m, and it resembles the holotype in both color and lepidosis. However, BMNH 1935.11.3.108 and MUSM 2192 have more than 160 ventral scales and have broad dark brown crossbars that are at least twice as long as those present in both the holotype, AMNH 110587 and in the other four specimens of D. oligozonata examined by us (Table 2; Fig. 1o), all of which have fewer than 160 ventral scales and come from elevations between 2102 and 2891 m in the watershed of the Río Jubones (Fig. 5). The coloration and ventral scale counts in BMNH 1935.11.3.108 and MUSM 2192 are more similar to D. oswaldobaezi, and we designated them as paratypes of this species.

Table 2. Locality data for specimens examined in this study. Coordinates represent actual GPS readings taken at the locality of collection or georeferencing attempts from gazetteers under standard guidelines, though some variation from the exact collecting locality will be present. Similarly, elevations are taken from Google Earth, and may not exactly match the elevations as originally reported. Specimens listed here but not under Appendix 3 were examined indirectly (e.g., through photographs).
Species Voucher Country Province Locality Latitude Longitude Elev. (m)
D. andiana MZUA.RE.0230 Ecuador Cañar Ocaña -2.48807, -79.18758 923
D. andiana MHNG 2250.053 Ecuador Cotopaxi Las Pampas -0.43021, -78.96663 1590
D. andiana MZUTI 5413 Ecuador El Oro Reserva Buenaventura -3.65477, -79.76830 497
D. andiana MZUTI 3501 Ecuador Pichincha Mashpi lodge 0.16567, -78.88656 860
D. andiana MZUTI 3505 Ecuador Pichincha Valle Hermoso–Los Bancos -0.01371, -79.09462 571
D. andiana ZSFQ D116 Ecuador Pichincha Tandayapa 0.00205, -78.67880 1734
D. andiana ZSFQ D117 Ecuador Pichincha Hacienda La Joya 0.08291, -78.98311 763
D. andiana ZSFQ D115 Ecuador Manabí 5km W Puerto López -1.59045, -80.84087 7
D. bobridgelyi QCAZ 1706 Ecuador Azuay Ponce Enríquez -3.06547, -79.74358 39
D. bobridgelyi DHMECN 11527 Ecuador El Oro Remolino -3.56551, -79.91948 229
D. bobridgelyi MZUTI 3266 Ecuador El Oro Reserva Buenaventura -3.65467, -79.76794 524
D. bobridgelyi MZUTI 5414 Ecuador El Oro Reserva Buenaventura -3.65310, -79.76336 572
D. bobridgelyi MZUTI 5417 Ecuador El Oro Reserva Buenaventura -3.65467, -79.76794 524
D. catesbyi MHNG 2220.054 Ecuador Morona Santiago Macas -2.31670, -78.11670 972
D. catesbyi MHNG 2238.005 Ecuador Morona Santiago San Pablo de Kantesiya -0.25001, -76.41849 250
D. catesbyi USNM 283949 Ecuador Morona Santiago Sucúa -2.45663, -78.16784 829
D. catesbyi DHMECN 11555 Ecuador Napo El Reventador -0.04669, -77.52898 1428
D. catesbyi QCAZ 181 Ecuador Napo Hollín–Loreto -0.74087, -77.51945 1020
D. catesbyi MHNG 2220.052 Ecuador Napo San Rafael -0.10354, -77.58337 1246
D. catesbyi QCAZ 210 Ecuador Napo San Rafael -0.09669, -77.58995 1464
D. catesbyi MHNG 2206.086 Ecuador Orellana Hacienda Primavera -0.48689, -76.63581 267
D. catesbyi MHNG 2435.097 Ecuador Pastaza Puyo -1.46678, -77.98335 953
D. catesbyi QCAZ 5108 Ecuador Pastaza Villano B -1.49961, -77.48234 341
D. catesbyi MHNG 2249.001 Ecuador Sucumbíos El Reventador -0.04480, -77.52858 1476
D. catesbyi QCAZ 28 Ecuador Sucumbíos El Reventador -0.04669, -77.52898 1428
D. catesbyi MHNG 2238.014 Ecuador – – – – –
D. catesbyi MHNG 2307.091 Ecuador – – – – –
D. catesbyi MZUTI 4736 Ecuador – – – – –
D. catesbyi MZUTI 4999 Ecuador – – – – –
D. elegans MHNG 2435.084 Ecuador Cotopaxi Cutzualo -0.54497, -78.91891 1952
D. elegans MHNG 2440.098 Ecuador Cotopaxi Galápagos -0.40583, -78.96667 1781
D. elegans DHMECN 1693 Ecuador Cotopaxi Hacienda “La Mariela” -1.14757, -79.09126 1256
D. elegans MHNG 2457.078 Ecuador Cotopaxi Las Damas -0.38402, -78.96741 1678
D. elegans MHNG 2249.019 Ecuador Cotopaxi Las Pampas -0.43021, -78.96663 1590
D. elegans MHNG 2413.074 Ecuador Cotopaxi Palo Quemado -0.61962, -78.99066 2402
D. elegans USNM 285957 Ecuador Pichincha 2.9 km SW of Tandayapa 0.00578, -78.67867 1844
D. elegans MHNG 2399.072 Ecuador Pichincha Ilaló -0.26166, -78.44444 2579
D. elegans MZUTI 3695 Ecuador Pichincha Tambotanda -0.02011, -78.65101 1875
D. elegans MZUTI 3317 Ecuador Pichincha Tandapi -0.42278, -78.79611 1550
D. elegans MHNG 2457.079 Ecuador Santo Domingo Chiriboga -0.22841, -78.76725 1813
D. elegans MHNG 2308.002 Ecuador Santo Domingo Hacienda Las Palmeras -0.24520, -78.84806 1876
D. elegans MHNG 2220.093 Ecuador – – – – –
D. elegans MZUTI 3316 Ecuador – – – – –
D. ellipsifera MZUTI 4931 Ecuador Carchi Chilma Bajo 0.86274, -78.05080 2071
D. ellipsifera QCAZ 14855 Ecuador Carchi Quebrada Golondrinas 0.83210, -78.12324 1737
D. ellipsifera QCAZ 15225 Ecuador Carchi Río Pailón 0.95643, -78.23448 1669
D. ellipsifera MHNG 2220.048 Ecuador Imbabura Cotacachi 0.29395, -78.26682 2446
D. gracilis QCAZ 4137 Ecuador Cañar Manta Real -2.55367, -79.36425 257
D. gracilis QCAZ 3504 Ecuador Esmeraldas Angostura 1.02164, -78.86295 31
D. gracilis QCAZ 10549 Ecuador Esmeraldas Caimito 0.69546, -80.08990 118
D. gracilis QCAZ 14495 Ecuador Esmeraldas Estero Gasparito 0.91296, -78.84066 80
D. gracilis QCAZ 2629 Ecuador Esmeraldas Fauna Granja Tropical 0.66152, -79.53875 29
D. gracilis QCAZ 7321 Ecuador Esmeraldas La Mayronga 1.04361, -79.27786 14
D. gracilis QCAZ 13738 Ecuador Esmeraldas Tundaloma 1.18166, -78.74945 74
D. gracilis MZUA.RE.0280 Ecuador Guayas Naranjal -2.72302, -79.63172 58
D. gracilis MZUA.RE.0281 Ecuador Guayas Naranjal -2.72302, -79.63172 58
D. gracilis QCAZ 12478 Ecuador Guayas Río Patul -2.55548, -79.37180 266
D. gracilis QCAZ 8432 Ecuador Los Ríos Buena Fe -0.89306, -79.48957 104
D. gracilis MHNG 2309.038 Ecuador Los Ríos Río Palenque -0.58333, -79.36667 173
D. gracilis QCAZ 10196 Ecuador Los Ríos Río Palenque -0.58333, -79.36667 173
D. gracilis USNM 285477 Ecuador Los Ríos Río Palenque -0.58333, -79.36667 173
D. gracilis USNM 285478 Ecuador Los Ríos Río Palenque -0.58333, -79.36667 173
D. gracilis USNM 285479 Ecuador Los Ríos Río Palenque -0.58333, -79.36667 173
D. gracilis USNM 285480 Ecuador Los Ríos Río Palenque -0.58333, -79.36667 173
D. gracilis DHMECN 2902 Ecuador Manabí El Aguacate 0.65348, -80.05190 43
D. gracilis QCAZ 11427 Ecuador Manabí Jama Coaque -0.11455, -80.12337 321
D. gracilis QCAZ 4654 Ecuador Manabí Lalo Loor -0.08337, -80.15004 75
D. gracilis MHNG 1363.023 Ecuador Manabí Maicito -0.27265, -79.57179 173
D. gracilis MHNG 1363.024 Ecuador Manabí Maicito -0.27265, -79.57179 173
D. gracilis MHNG 1363.026 Ecuador Manabí Maicito -0.27265, -79.57179 173
D. gracilis MHNG 1363.027 Ecuador Manabí Maicito -0.27265, -79.57179 173
D. gracilis QCAZ 4649 Ecuador Manabí Reserva Jama Coaque -0.11556, -80.12472 299
D. gracilis MHNG 2453.019 Ecuador Manabí Zapallo Grande 0.78165, -78.98345 100
D. gracilis QCAZ 14494 Ecuador Pichincha Cachaco–Lita 0.78886, -78.36794 1108
D. gracilis MZUTI 1386 Ecuador Pichincha El Abrazo del Árbol -0.00913, -78.81321 1064
D. gracilis QCAZ 7532 Ecuador Pichincha El Monte -0.06912, -78.76195 1316
D. gracilis QCAZ 15718 Ecuador Pichincha Finca Ecológica Orongo 0.15304, -78.66737 1173
D. gracilis MZUTI 3503 Ecuador Pichincha Mashpi lodge 0.16681, -78.88111 905
D. gracilis QCAZ 15542 Ecuador Pichincha Rainforest Monterreal 0.01557, -78.88407 860
D. gracilis QCAZ 7322 Ecuador Pichincha Road to Mindo -0.03116, -78.75617 1638
D. gracilis QCAZ 3693 Ecuador Santo Domingo 8.5 km NW Santo Domingo -0.17700, -79.21099 454
D. gracilis QCAZ 3694 Ecuador Santo Domingo 8.5 km NW Santo Domingo -0.17700, -79.21099 454
D. gracilis QCAZ 11238 Ecuador Santo Domingo Finca de Germán Cortez -0.00027, -79.41194 194
D. gracilis QCAZ 2040 Ecuador Santo Domingo La Perla 0.13417, -79.49432 132
D. gracilis DHMECN 129 Ecuador – – – – –
D. gracilis MZUTI 4199 Ecuador – – – – –
D. indica MZUA.RE.0059 Ecuador Morona Santiago Rosa de Oro – – –
D. indica MHNG 2435.093 Ecuador Orellana Coca -0.46167, -76.99310 253
D. indica MHNG 2413.076 Ecuador Orellana Hacienda Primavera -0.48689, -76.63581 267
D. indica MZUTI 4735 Ecuador Pastaza Tzarentza -1.35696, -78.05814 1355
D. jamespetersi MZUA.RE.0147 Ecuador Azuay La Paz -3.31481, -79.15166 3148
D. jamespetersi MZUTI 5307 Ecuador Azuay Poetate -3.41645, -79.26964 2269
D. jamespetersi USNM 237040 Ecuador Loja 0.5 km E of Loja -3.99277, -79.18327 2263
D. jamespetersi MHNG 2512.047 Ecuador Loja 24 km S Loja -4.22083, -79.24164 1562
D. jamespetersi MHNG 2512.048 Ecuador Loja 24 km S Loja -4.22083, -79.24164 1562
D. jamespetersi MHNG 2399.071 Ecuador Loja 5 km E Loja -3.98899, -79.16576 2610
D. jamespetersi MHNG 2457.09 Ecuador Loja 5 km E Loja -3.98899, -79.16576 2610
D. jamespetersi MHNG 2512.049 Ecuador Loja 5 km E Loja -3.98899, -79.16576 2610
D. jamespetersi MHNG 2512.05 Ecuador Loja 5 km E Loja -3.98899, -79.16576 2610
D. jamespetersi MHNG 2521.087 Ecuador Loja 5 km E Loja -3.98899, -79.16576 2610
D. jamespetersi QCAZ 15100 Ecuador Loja Guachanamá -4.04081, -79.88290 2787
D. jamespetersi MHNG 2413.082 Ecuador Loja Loja -4.00789, -79.21128 2166
D. latifrontalis BMNH1946.1.20 Venezuela Mérida Aricagua 8.16162, -71.15776 1078
D. klebbai QCAZ 1605 Ecuador Napo 2 km E Borja -0.41543, -77.83032 1608
D. klebbai DHMECN 568 Ecuador Napo Borja -0.42624, -77.84277 1698
D. klebbai MHNG 2220.035 Ecuador Napo El Chaco -0.33763, -77.80957 1595
D. klebbai MHNG 2220.056 Ecuador Napo El Chaco -0.33763, -77.80957 1595
D. klebbai MHNG 2250.063 Ecuador Napo El Chaco -0.33763, -77.80957 1595
D. klebbai MHNG 2250.064 Ecuador Napo El Chaco -0.33763, -77.80957 1595
D. klebbai MZUTI 5412 Ecuador Napo Pacto Sumaco -0.66377, -77.59895 1556
D. klebbai MCZ 164674 Ecuador Napo Río Azuela -0.14869, -77.65463 1402
D. klebbai MCZ 164675 Ecuador Napo Río Azuela -0.14869, -77.65463 1402
D. klebbai USNM 286323 Ecuador Napo Río Azuela -0.14869, -77.65463 1402
D. klebbai MHNG 2220.038 Ecuador Napo San Rafael -0.09669, -77.58995 1464
D. klebbai MHNG 2220.039 Ecuador Napo San Rafael -0.09669, -77.58995 1464
D. klebbai MZUTI 63 Ecuador Napo Yanayacu -0.60042, -77.89053 2110
D. klebbai MHNG 2220.04 Ecuador Sucumbíos El Reventador -0.04480, -77.52858 1476
D. klebbai MHNG 2220.041 Ecuador Sucumbíos El Reventador -0.04480, -77.52858 1476
D. klebbai QCAZ 250 Ecuador Sucumbíos El Reventador -0.04669, -77.52898 1428
D. klebbai QCAZ 14281 Ecuador Sucumbíos La Bonita 0.47209, -77.54661 1953
D. klebbai MHNG 2529.029 Ecuador – – – – –
D. klebbai ZSFQ D304 Ecuador Napo Cascada de San Rafael -0.10007, -77.58034 1182
D. georgejetti USNM 142595 Ecuador Guayas 10 mi N of Guayaquil -1.96418, -79.87988 5
D. georgejetti QCAZ 9125 Ecuador Guayas Cerro Blanco -2.17465, -80.02135 147
D. georgejetti ENS 12817 Ecuador Manabí 17 km NW Portoviejo -1.00209, -80.31334 187
D. georgejetti MZUTI 5411 Ecuador Manabí Cabuyal -0.19698, -80.29059 15
D. georgejetti QCAZ 10589 Ecuador Manabí El Aromo -1.04665, -80.83276 295
D. georgejetti DHMECN 11639 Ecuador Manabí Montecristi -1.04694, -80.65766 136
D. georgejetti MZUA.RE.0121 Ecuador Manabí El Aromo -1.04665, -80.83276 295
D. georgejetti MZUA.RE.0122 Ecuador Manabí El Aromo -1.04665, -80.83276 295
D. georgejetti DHMECN 11646 Ecuador Manabí Rocafuerte -0.92371, -80.45212 19
D. georgejetti ZSFQ D606 Ecuador Manabí Cerro La Mocora, foothill -1.59817, -80.65431 308
D. oligozonata MZUA.RE.0081 Ecuador Azuay Girón -3.15891, -79.14755 2102
D. oligozonata QCAZ 4472 Ecuador Azuay Granja Orgánica Susudel -3.38885, -79.17847 2802
D. oligozonata QCAZ 4492 Ecuador Azuay Susudel -3.40543, -79.18378 2376
D. oligozonata MZUA.RE.0240 Ecuador Azuay Via a Shaglli -3.19178, -79.39623 2891
D. oligozonata MZUA.RE.0020 Ecuador – – – – –
D. oligozonata MZUA.RE.0357 Ecuador – – – – –
D. oreas QCAZ 10140 Ecuador Azuay Luz María -2.68548, -79.40992 1661
D. oreas DHMECN 3478 Ecuador Azuay Naranjo Lanto -2.92628, -79.39963 1847
D. oreas DHMECN 7647 Ecuador Azuay Reserva Biológica Yunguilla -3.22684, -79.27520 1748
D. oreas DHMECN 7666 Ecuador Azuay Reserva Biológica Yunguilla -3.22684, -79.27520 1748
D. oreas MZUA.RE.0239 Ecuador Azuay San Rafael de Sharug -3.27311, -79.54543 1593
D. oreas MZUA.RE.0290 Ecuador Azuay San Rafael de Sharug -3.27311, -79.54543 1593
D. oreas QCAZ 9190 Ecuador Azuay Vía La Paz–Cuenca -3.09021, -79.00800 2726
D. oreas USNM 62797 Ecuador Chimborazo Pallatanga–Guayaquil -2.07459, -78.98123 1404
D. oreas USNM 62798 Ecuador Chimborazo Pallatanga–Guayaquil -2.07459, -78.98123 1404
D. oreas USNM 62800 Ecuador Chimborazo Pallatanga–Guayaquil -2.07459, -78.98123 1404
D. oreas DHMECN 10785 Ecuador El Oro Playa Limón -3.50096, -79.74701 816
D. oreas DHMECN 2572 Ecuador El Oro Reserva Buenaventura -3.65467, -79.76794 524
D. oreas MZUTI 3351 Ecuador El Oro Reserva Buenaventura -3.64882, -79.75640 898
D. oreas MZUTI 5415 Ecuador El Oro Reserva Buenaventura -3.63432, -79.74985 1048
D. oreas MZUTI 5418 Ecuador El Oro Reserva Buenaventura -3.63370, -79.75040 1068
D. oreas MHNG 2514.028 Ecuador Loja 33 km E San Pedro -3.97222, -79.25983 2493
D. oreas MHNG 2521.084 Ecuador Loja 6 km S Loja -4.03770, -79.19975 2144
D. oreas QCAZ 10068 Ecuador Loja Cazerío Balzones -4.01502, -80.01635 1346
D. oreas QCAZ 13875 Ecuador Loja Jimbura -4.66668, -79.45322 2513
D. oreas QCAZ 11290 Ecuador Loja Vía al Cerro Toledo -4.38444, -79.15992 2214
D. oreas QCAZ 678 Ecuador Loja Vilcabamba -4.25792, -79.21962 1546
D. oreas QCAZ 6020 Ecuador Loja Yangana–Vilcabamba -4.32455, -79.20041 1742
D. palmeri QCAZ 11411 Ecuador Morona Santiago 9 de Octubre–Macas -2.21820, -78.29920 1767
D. palmeri QCAZ 5609 Ecuador Morona Santiago Chiguinda -3.28125, -78.69829 2223
D. palmeri DHMECN 11197 Ecuador Morona Santiago Concesión ECSA -3.57524, -78.43609 1211
D. palmeri QCAZ 13307 Ecuador Morona Santiago Laguna Chimerella -2.07956, -78.20338 1795
D. palmeri QCAZ 13304 Ecuador Morona Santiago Laguna Cormorán -2.07153, -78.21590 1747
D. palmeri QCAZ 13562 Ecuador Pastaza Tzarentza -1.35696, -78.05814 1355
D. palmeri QCAZ 4710 Ecuador Tungurahua 3 km E Río Verde -1.40249, -78.28369 1474
D. palmeri AMNH 24126 Ecuador Tungurahua Abitagua -1.41667, -78.16667 1353
D. palmeri MZUTI 4804 Ecuador Tungurahua Agoyán -1.39795, -78.38415 1661
D. palmeri MZUA.RE.0044 Ecuador Tungurahua Baños -1.39650, -78.42945 1847
D. palmeri QCAZ 14071 Ecuador Tungurahua Baños -1.39650, -78.42945 1847
D. palmeri QCAZ 3288 Ecuador Tungurahua Baños -1.39650, -78.42945 1847
D. palmeri QCAZ 4710 Ecuador Tungurahua Caserío Machay -1.40062, -78.28085 1531
D. palmeri DHMECN 9229 Ecuador Tungurahua Chamanapamba -1.40114, -78.39975 1808
D. palmeri DHMECN 9230 Ecuador Tungurahua Chamanapamba -1.40114, -78.39975 1808
D. palmeri MZUTI 3956 Ecuador Tungurahua La Candelaria -1.43051, -78.31246 1920
D. palmeri AMNH 37939 Ecuador Tungurahua Palmera -1.41613, -78.19663 1225
D. palmeri DHMECN 9232 Ecuador Tungurahua Parque Juan Montalvo -1.40005, -78.42070 1803
D. palmeri QCAZ 13992 Ecuador Tungurahua Río Verde -1.39406, -78.30405 1603
D. palmeri QCAZ 4564 Ecuador Tungurahua Río Verde -1.39406, -78.30405 1603
D. palmeri DHMECN 12841 Ecuador Tungurahua Ulba -1.39622, -78.39418 1702
D. palmeri DHMECN 9219 Ecuador Tungurahua Vizcaya -1.34789, -78.40518 2282
D. palmeri QCAZ 6021 Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe 18.2 km W Zamora -3.97643, -79.02075 1609
D. palmeri QCAZ 3001 Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe 182 km Zamora–Loja -3.95600, -79.02599 1665
D. palmeri QCAZ 14338 Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe Estación San Francisco -3.96128, -79.05556 1775
D. palmeri QCAZ 12771 Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe Reserva Numbami -4.17233, -78.95928 1615
D. palmeri MZUTI 4971 Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe Reserva San Francisco -3.97051, -79.07814 1850
D. palmeri MZUTI 4975 Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe Reserva San Francisco -3.97140, -79.07909 1730
D. palmeri QCAZ 12772 Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe Reserva San Francisco -3.97051, -79.07814 1850
D. palmeri MZUTI 5419* Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe Romerillos Alto -4.23230, -78.94222 1547
D. palmeri QCAZ 12510 Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe Zumba -4.86517, -79.13384 1230
D. palmeri MZUA.RE.0119 Ecuador – – – – –
D. palmeri BMNH 1946.1.2077 Peru Cajamarca Jaén -5.72978, -78.84836 1438
D. palmeri MCZ 17404 Peru Cajamarca Tabaconas -5.31429, -79.29622 1892
D. pavonina MZUA.RE.0198 Ecuador Morona Santiago Kushapuk -3.04373, -78.03648 326
D. pavonina QCAZ 5554 Ecuador Morona Santiago Tiink -3.34389, -78.46805 730
D. pavonina MHNG 2309.039 Ecuador Napo Archidona -0.90856, -77.80814 571
D. pavonina MHNG 2521.088 Ecuador Napo Tena -0.98330, -77.81670 522
D. pavonina MZUTI 4972 Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe Maycu -4.38030, -78.74584 981
D. peruana LSUMZ 27372 Peru Amazonas 28 km SE Ingenio -6.05753, -77.98919 2235
D. peruana KU 212590 Peru Amazonas Pomacochas -5.82155, -77.91692 2150
D. peruana MCZ 178175 Peru Cuzco Amaibamba -13.27703, -73.28636 1858
D. peruana LSUMZ 27369–70 Peru Cuzco Bosque Aputinye -12.92300, -72.67455 1502
D. peruana KU 117109 Peru Cuzco Machu Picchu -13.17104, -72.50585 2400
D. peruana AMNH 147037 Peru Cuzco Paucartambo Mirador -13.06972, -71.55527 1818
D. peruana AMNH 147037 Peru Cuzco Paucartambo Mirador -13.06972, -71.55527 1810
D. peruana USNM 60718 Peru Cuzco Pucyura -13.07450, -72.93437 2666
D. peruana CORBIDI 11839 Peru Cuzco Rocotal -13.10627, -71.57064 2004
D. peruana SMF 20801 Peru Cuzco Santa Ana -12.86755, -72.71670 1639
D. peruana LSUMZ 45499 Peru Huánuco Playa Pampa -9.95160, -75.69605 2091
D. peruana BMNH 1946.1.2078 Peru Pasco Huancabamba -10.42265, -75.51718 1775
D. peruana USNM 299232 Peru Puno 10 km NNE Ollachea -13.78330, -70.46730 2598
D. peruana USNM 299234 Peru Puno 11 km NNE Ollachea -13.78661, -70.47248 2601
D. peruana USNM 299233 Peru Puno 12 km NNE Ollachea -13.78330, -70.46730 2598
D. peruana AMNH 52444 Peru San Martín Cumbre Ushpayacu-Mishquiyacu -6.99468, -76.03371 1279
D. temporalis MZUTI 3331 Ecuador Esmeraldas Tundaloma Lodge 1.18317, -78.75245 74
D. temporalis MHNG 2521.083 Ecuador Imbabura 16 km W Lita 0.90235, -78.54504 799
D. vagrans AMNH 63373 Peru San Martín Bellavista -7.05346, -76.58928 316
D. vermiculata MHNG 2521.085 Ecuador Morona Santiago 69 km S Vilcabamba -4.84920, -79.12731 1310
D. vermiculata DHMECN 11197 Ecuador Morona Santiago Concesión ECSA -3.57245, -78.46982 790
D. vermiculata MHNG 2436.014 Ecuador Napo El Reventador -0.04480, -77.52858 1476
D. vermiculata MZUTI 5080 Ecuador Pastaza Kallana -1.469629, -77.27838 325
D. vermiculata QCAZ 13825 Ecuador Pastaza Sendero Higuerones -4.11464, -78.96702 981
D. vermiculata MZUTI 4738 Ecuador Pastaza Tzarentza -1.35696, -78.05814 1355
D. vermiculata MZUTI 3663 Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe Maycu -4.20719, -78.63987 869
D. vermiculata MZUA.RE.0261 Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe Nangaritza -4.43169, -78.63869 1011
D. oswaldobaezi QCAZ 14051 Ecuador El Oro Arenillas -3.62110, -80.17513 41
D. oswaldobaezi QCAZ 14060 Ecuador El Oro Guabillo -3.60346, -80.18139 44
D. oswaldobaezi MZUA.RE.0286 Ecuador El Oro Huaquillas -3.54115, -80.08646 39
D. oswaldobaezi QCAZ 10369 Ecuador Loja Quebrada El Faique -4.17889, -80.04226 1004
D. oswaldobaezi QCAZ 15108 Ecuador Loja Reserva La Ceiba-Pilares -4.27502, -80.32805 534
D. oswaldobaezi BMNH1935.11.3.108 Ecuador Loja Catamayo -3.98064, -79.35928 1289
D. oswaldobaezi MUSM 2192 Peru Piura Piura -5.17882, -80.62231 32
S. annulatus MZUTI 3034 Ecuador Esmeraldas Reserva Itapoa 0.51307, -79.13401 321
S. bevridgelyi MZUA.RE.0424 Ecuador Azuay 2 km N Palmales Nuevo -3.65158, -80.09625 129
S. bevridgelyi KU 152205 Ecuador Azuay 30 KM E Pasaje -3.31439, -79.57970 561
S. bevridgelyi QCAZ 14446 Ecuador Azuay Ponce Enríquez–El Coca -3.03197, -79.64615 1206
S. bevridgelyi QCAZ 14444 Ecuador Azuay Proyecto Minas San Francisco -3.30829, -79.47079 862
S. bevridgelyi MZUA.RE.0142 Ecuador Azuay Sarayunga -3.31431, -79.58069 552
S. bevridgelyi MCZ R-17099 Ecuador Chimborazo Valle del Chanchán -2.27383, -79.08735 697
S. bevridgelyi DHMECN 11526 Ecuador El Oro Remolino -3.56551, -79.91948 229
S. bevridgelyi DHMECN 9483 Ecuador El Oro Reserva Buenaventura -3.65467, -79.76794 524
S. bevridgelyi MZUTI 3269 Ecuador El Oro Reserva Buenaventura -3.65343, -79.76722 473
S. bevridgelyi MZUTI 5416 Ecuador El Oro Reserva Buenaventura -3.65467, -79.76794 524
S. bevridgelyi AMNH 22092 Ecuador Guayas Reserva Ayampe -1.65417, -80.81833 43
S. bevridgelyi MCZ R-3564 Ecuador Guayas Río Daule -1.87009, -80.00539 5
S. bevridgelyi MZUA.RE.0328 Ecuador Los Ríos Jauneche -1.33333, -79.58333 41
S. bevridgelyi DHMECN 8976 Ecuador Manabí San Sebastián -1.60002, -80.69974 602
S. bevridgelyi DHMECN 10061 Ecuador Manabí Puerto López -1.55598, -80.81200 3
S. bevridgelyi ZSFQ D503 Ecuador Manabí Cerro La Mocora, tophill -1.60379, -80.70191 818
S. bevridgelyi CORBIDI 3791 Peru Tumbes El Caucho -3.81438, -80.27101 379
S. bevridgelyi CORBIDI 3792 Peru Tumbes El Caucho -3.81438, -80.27101 379
S. bevridgelyi CORBIDI 7894 Peru Tumbes El Caucho -3.81844, -80.26856 478
S. bevridgelyi CORBIDI 7994 Peru Tumbes El Caucho -3.81244, -80.26716 481
S. nebulatus MZUTI 4810 Ecuador Cotopaxi El Jardín de los Sueños -0.83142, -79.21337 349
S. nebulatus DHMECN 9585 Ecuador Esmeraldas Canandé 0.52580, -79.20880 310
S. nebulatus DHMECN 5645 Ecuador Esmeraldas Lita–San Lorenzo 1.18236, -78.79528 42
S. nebulatus MZUTI 3911 Ecuador Esmeraldas Reserva Itapoa 0.51307, -79.13401 321
S. nebulatus DHMECN 5647 Ecuador Esmeraldas Tundaloma 1.18236, -78.75250 74
S. nebulatus DHMECN 10312 Ecuador Imbabura Selva Alegre 0.26667, -78.58333 1299
S. nebulatus USNM 285501 Ecuador Los Ríos Hacienda Cerro Chico -0.62444, -79.42940 170
S. nebulatus MZUA.RE.0174 Ecuador Los Ríos Macul -1.12980, -79.65730 65
S. nebulatus USNM 285498 Ecuador Los Ríos Río Palenque -0.58333, -79.36667 173
S. nebulatus USNM 285499 Ecuador Los Ríos Río Palenque -0.58333, -79.36667 173
S. nebulatus USNM 285500 Ecuador Los Ríos Río Palenque -0.58333, -79.36667 173
S. nebulatus DHMECN 2882 Ecuador Manabí Aguacate 0.65348, -80.05190 43
S. nebulatus MZUTI 5342 Ecuador Manabí Jama Coaque -0.11556, -80.12472 299
S. nebulatus DHMECN 1704 Ecuador Pichincha Curipogio 0.13112, -78.67632 1171
S. nebulatus USNM 283534 Ecuador Santo Domingo Rancho Santa Teresita -0.25277, -79.37946 288

Original Description

  • Arteaga, A; Salazar-Valenzuela, D; Mebert, K; Peñafiel, N; Aguiar, G; Sánchez-Nivicela, J; Pyron, R; Colston, T; Cisneros-Heredia, D; Yánez-Muñoz, M; Venegas, P; Guayasamin, J; Torres-Carvajal, O; 2018: Systematics of South American snail-eating snakes (Serpentes, Dipsadini), with the description of five new species from Ecuador and Peru ZooKeys, (766): 79-147. doi

Images

Figure 1. Photographs of some species of Dipsas in life: a D. andiana MZUTI 5413 from Bilsa, province of Esmeraldas, Ecuador b D. andiana from Mindo, province of Pichincha, Ecuador c D. bobridgelyi MZUTI 5414 from Buenaventura, Province of El Oro, Ecuador d D. catesbyi from Gareno, province of Napo, Ecuador e D. catesbyi from Gareno, province of Napo, Ecuador f D. elegans from Calacalí–Mindo, province of Pichincha, Ecuador g D. ellipsifera from Pimampiro, province of Imbabura, Ecuador h D. gracilis from Canandé, province of Esmeraldas, Ecuador i D. gracilis from Mashpi, province of Pichincha, Ecuador j D. indica from Gareno, province of Napo, Ecuador k D. jamespetersi AMARU 1123 from province of Azuay, Ecuador l D. klebbai from El Chaco, province of Napo, Ecuador m D. klebbai from El Chaco, province of Napo, Ecuador n D. latifrontalis from San Isidro, state of Mérida, Venezuela o D. oligozonata from Poetate, province of Azuay, Ecuador p D. oreas MZUTI 5414 from Buenaventura, province of El Oro, Ecuador q D. oreas from Poetate–Corraleja, province of Azuay, Ecuador r D. palmeri from Agoyán, province of Tungurahua, Ecuador s D. palmeri MZUTI 4975 from Reserva San Francisco, province of Zamora, Ecuador t D. pavonina from Maycu, province of Zamora, Ecuador u D. temporalis from Colombia v D. variegata from Gareno, province of Napo, Ecuador w D. vermiculata from Miazi, province of Zamora, Ecuador, and x D. vermiculata from Narupa, province of Napo, Ecuador.
Figure 1. Photographs of some species of Dipsas in life: a D. andiana MZUTI 5413 from Bilsa, province of Esmeraldas, Ecuador b D. andiana from Mindo, province of Pichincha, Ecuador c D. bobridgelyi MZUTI 5414 from Buenaventura, Province of El Oro, Ecuador d D. catesbyi from Gareno, province of Napo, Ecuador e D. catesbyi from Gareno, province of Napo, Ecuador f D. elegans from Calacalí–Mindo, province of Pichincha, Ecuador g D. ellipsifera from Pimampiro, province of Imbabura, Ecuador h D. gracilis from Canandé, province of Esmeraldas, Ecuador i D. gracilis from Mashpi, province of Pichincha, Ecuador j D. indica from Gareno, province of Napo, Ecuador k D. jamespetersi AMARU 1123 from province of Azuay, Ecuador l D. klebbai from El Chaco, province of Napo, Ecuador m D. klebbai from El Chaco, province of Napo, Ecuador n D. latifrontalis from San Isidro, state of Mérida, Venezuela o D. oligozonata from Poetate, province of Azuay, Ecuador p D. oreas MZUTI 5414 from Buenaventura, province of El Oro, Ecuador q D. oreas from Poetate–Corraleja, province of Azuay, Ecuador r D. palmeri from Agoyán, province of Tungurahua, Ecuador s D. palmeri MZUTI 4975 from Reserva San Francisco, province of Zamora, Ecuador t D. pavonina from Maycu, province of Zamora, Ecuador u D. temporalis from Colombia v D. variegata from Gareno, province of Napo, Ecuador w D. vermiculata from Miazi, province of Zamora, Ecuador, and x D. vermiculata from Narupa, province of Napo, Ecuador. 
Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships within Dipsadini derived from analysis of 3,375 bp of DNA (gene fragments 12S, 16S, Cytb, ND4 and c-mos). Support values on intraspecic branches are not shown for clarity. Voucher numbers for sequences are indicated for each terminal when available. a Maximum likelihood analysis. Black dots indicate clades with bootstrap values from 90–100%. Grey dots indicate values from 70–89%. White dots indicate values from 50–69% (values <50% not shown) b Bayesian inference analysis. Black dots indicate clades with posterior probability values from 95–100%. Grey dots indicate values from 70–94%. White dots indicate values from 50–69% (values <50% not shown).
Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships within Dipsadini derived from analysis of 3,375 bp of DNA (gene fragments 12S, 16S, Cytb, ND4 and c-mos). Support values on intraspecic branches are not shown for clarity. Voucher numbers for sequences are indicated for each terminal when available. a Maximum likelihood analysis. Black dots indicate clades with bootstrap values from 90–100%. Grey dots indicate values from 70–89%. White dots indicate values from 50–69% (values <50% not shown) b Bayesian inference analysis. Black dots indicate clades with posterior probability values from 95–100%. Grey dots indicate values from 70–94%. White dots indicate values from 50–69% (values <50% not shown). 
Figure 5. Distribution of Dipsas georgejetti, D. oligozonata, D. oswaldobaezi, and D. williamsi in Ecuador and Peru. Figures represent known localities.
Figure 5. Distribution of Dipsas georgejetti, D. oligozonata, D. oswaldobaezi, and D. williamsi in Ecuador and Peru. Figures represent known localities. 
Figure 11. Adult male holotype of Dipsas georgejetti. MZUTI 5411.
Figure 11. Adult male holotype of Dipsas georgejetti. MZUTI 5411. 
Figure 12. Adult male holotype of Dipsas georgejetti. MZUTI 5411. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Figure 12. Adult male holotype of Dipsas georgejetti. MZUTI 5411. Scale bar: 1 cm. 
Figure 13. Adult female holotype of Dipsas oswaldobaezi QCAZ 10369 in a dorsal and b ventral view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Figure 13. Adult female holotype of Dipsas oswaldobaezi QCAZ 10369 in a dorsal and b ventral view. Scale bar: 1 cm. 
Figure 14. Adult female paratype of Dipsas oswaldobaezi. QCAZ 15108.
Figure 14. Adult female paratype of Dipsas oswaldobaezi. QCAZ 15108. 

Other References

  1. ↑ Cadle J (2007) The snake genus Sibynomorphus (Colubridae: Dipsadinae: Dipsadini) in Peru and Ecuador, with comments on the systematics of Dipsadini. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 158: 183–283. https://doi.org/10.3099/0027-4100(2007)158[183:TSGSCD]2.0.CO;2
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