Branchinecta lateralis
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Ordo: Anostraca
Familia: Branchinectidae
Genus: Branchinecta
Name
Branchinecta lateralis Rogers, D. Christopher, 2006 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Branchinecta lateralis Rogers, D. Christopher, 2006, Zootaxa 1126: 36-41.
Description
Synonymy: Branchinecta campestris Lynch, 1960; Sublette and Sublette, 1967; Horne, 1974; Types: Holotype, male, data: USA: WYOMING; Sweetwater Co.: East Cyclone Rim, Big Bend Lost Creek Pond #1, 42º 12 ’ 41 ”N, 108 º 07’ 01”W, 8 June 1987, G. D. Langstaff, deposited: National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C. USNM1014987. Paratypes: same data as holotype, 5 females, 5 males, National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C. USNM1014988.
Materials Examined
Material examined: USA: COLORADO: Alamosa County: San Luis Lakes State Wildlife Area, site 115, 7 July 2003, Collector unknown, Det. D. C. Rogers. MONTANA: Teton Co.: Saline pools in the vicinity of Pishkun Reservoir, 4 July 1997, D. L. Gustafson, det. D. C. Rogers, DCR 552. WYOMING: Albany Co.: Laramie Basin, Pond XIV (Horne), 41 º 07’ 32 ”N, 105 º 43 ’ 15 ”W, 4 June 1988,G. D. Langstaff, (DB [Denton Belk’s collection number] 865). Carbon Co.: Long Pond, 3 June 1993, G. D. Langstaff, (DB 1237). Screeching Avocets Pond, 3 June 1993, G. D. Langstaff, (DB 1239). Yellow Pond, 3 June 1993, G. D. Langstaff, (DB 1240). Freemont Co.: Sweetwater Valley, Soda Lakes Far Eastern Pond, 13 km ENE of Jefferey City, 42 º 32 ’ 25 ”N, 107 º 40 ’ 21 ”W, 9 June 1989, G. D. Langstaff, (DB 950). Natrona Co.: Sweetwater Valley, Steamboat Lake Oxbow Pond, 2.7 km ESE of junction WY 220 and Dry Creek Road, 42 º 32 ’ 15 ”N, 107 º 03’ 32 ”W, 7 June 1989, G. D. Langstaff, (DB 944). Sweetwater Valley, Steamboat Lake, 30 km W of Alcova and 1.2 km E of WY 220 and Dry Creek Road junction, 42 º 32 ’ 44 ”N, 107 º 04’ 23 ”W, 7 June 1989, G. D. Langstaff, (DB 945). Sweetwater Co.: East Cyclone Rim, Big Bend Lost Creek Pond #1, 42º 12 ’ 41 ”N, 108 º 07’ 01”W, 8 June 1987, G. D. Langstaff, (DB 810). East Cyclone Rim, Big Bend Lost Creek Pond #1, 42º 12 ’ 41 ”N, 108 º 07’ 01”W, 5 June 1988, G. D. Langstaff, (DB 866). Type Locality. Big Bend Lost Creek Pond # 1, is on the south side of the East Cyclone Rim of Great Divide Basin in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, (42 º 12 ’ 41 ”N, 108 º 07’ 01”W). This basin literally is in the middle of the Continental Divide. The type locality pool is at an elevation of 2069 meters, and is a clay bottomed, desert playa pool. The pool is 300 meters across, and less than 5 meters deep, with whitish, turbid water.
Etymology
Etymology. The specific epithet is from the Latin word for side “lateral”, and refers to the lateral projections of the female’s brood pouch, and the laterally directed apices of the distal segments of the male second antennae. The gender is feminine.
Description
Description. Male. (Figure 1 B) Average length of preserved material 22 mm. Head rounded, anteriolateral corners projecting slightly over compound eye peduncles. First antenna twice as long as stalked compound eye, with apex truncated, bearing four to six setae. Second antennae extending posteriorly to ninth thoracic segment. Second antenna proximal antennomere subcylindrical, approximately five times as long as broad. Medial surface with small, scattered spines and fine chitinized papillae. Proximal antennomere with a posteriomedial proximal apophysis. Apophysis subcylindrical, tapering distally, with apex truncated. Pulvillus absent. Second antennal distal antennomere subequal in length to proximal antennomere, laterally flattened, curving nearly 90 ° medially at the proximal fourth. Anterior and posterior margins expanded slightly in distal twothirds, truncating towards apex. Posterior margin distal half, except apex, covered in chitinized papillae. Apex thickened, constricted, and abruptly bent 90 ° laterally, with tip curving slightly posteriad, tapering to a point (Figure 3). Labrum with chitinized papillae on ventral surface. Distal lobe smooth, rounded, and directed ventrally. Mandibles and maxilla 2 typical for the genus. Maxilla 1 with an apical transverse row of hooked aciculate spines, palp with an apical transverse row of digitiform spines each with a hook shaped setaform distal portion. Praeepipodites and epipodites typical for genus. Thoracopod I with exopodite and endopodite triangular. Endopodite bearing stout, curved, pectinate setae. Endite 1 + 2 and endite 3 with numerous long plumose setae. Endite 4 with anterior plumose setae and stout posterior setae. Endite 5 with plumose anterior setae and posterior pectinate setae. Endite six with anterior proximal setae plumose, distal setae pectinate, and posterior setae plumose. The setae of endites 1 + 2, 3, and 4, and the nonpectinate setae of endites 5 and 6, with distal 60 % filiform with paired lateral spinules along their lengths. Thoracopod V with exopodite with lateral margin straight, curving apically towards the rounded apex. Endopodite triangular, bearing stout, curved, pectinate setae. Endite 1 + 2 and endite 3 as in thoracopod I. Endite 4 with anterior and posterior setae plumose. Endite 5 with anterior plumose setae and posterior pectinate setae. Endite 6 with pectinate setae, the proximal four being half the length of the remaining distal setae. All plumose setae as described for thoracopod I. Thoracopod XI with exopodite oval. Endopodite subtriangular bearing stout, curved, pectinate setae. Endite 1 + 2 as in thoracopod I. Endite 3 with two short, digitiform anterior setae, the posterior setae plumose. Endites 4 and 5 with anterior and posterior setae plumose. Endite 6 with all setae plumose. Genital segments smooth. Penes each with basal portion bearing a large ventral subconical, ventroposteriorly directed lobe, and a ventromedial digitiform spur. Everted penes short, just reaching the first abdominal segment. Apices of everted penes bearing one lateral and one medial “wart” like mounds. Medial mound round, bearing ten to fifteen recurved spinules about one fourth as long as “wart” like mound. Lateral mound in the form of a longitudinal ridge, directed anteriorly, with 35 to 40 recurved spinules. Cercopods as typical for the genus. Female. (Figure 1 A) Average length of preserved material 17 mm. Head without dorsal protuberances. First antennae subequal to second antennae. Second antennae smooth, with or without a small lateral protrusion. Distal fourth before apex bearing scattered setae. Apex subcylindrical, curving anteromedially, and tapering to a point. Anterior surface of head and labrum with fine spinules. Labrum, mandibles and maxillae as in male. Thorax with rounded, dorsolateral bosses on all segments. Genital segments and first two abdominal segments with paired, angular dorsolateral bosses. Third abdominal segment with unpaired, angular, dorsolateral bosses. Thoracic and abdominal bosses are transverse, nearly bilobed in more posterior thoracic pairs, and densely papillose. Thoracopods similar to male, save that the endopodites and epipodites ovate. Setation is similar to the male. Brood pouch fusiform with short, subconical, papillose lateral outpocketings in 64 % of females. Brood pouch extending to postgenital abdominal segment five or six. Ovaries extend anteriorly into thoracic segment 10 or 9, and posteriorly into abdominal segment 4 or 5. Cercopods as typical for the genus. Cyst. Approximately 300 µm in diameter, with dense, small, shallow depressions 10 µm in diameter or less.
Differential diagnosis. Male Branchinecta lateralis are separated from all other reported Branchinecta species by the distal antennomere of the second antennae, which has the apex bent laterally (90 º) and tapers to a posteriorly directed point (Figure 1 B and D, 3).
Description
Branchinecta readingi Belk, 2001, males have the apex of the distal antennomere of the second antennae bent laterally approximately 75 º (Figure 1 F) and Branchinecta mackini Dexter, 1956 have the second antennal apices rounded (Figure 1 G). Furthermore, the penes of B. lateralis have a lateral and a medial “wart” like mound, whereas in B. campestris the penes sport a lateral and a dorsolateral “wart” like mound. Branchinecta lateralis and B. campestris females share the lateral outpocketings of the brood pouch. However in B. lateralis the outpocketings (when present) are much smaller, and are never armed with one or more subtending spines as in some B. campestris (see Figure 5 in Lynch 1960). Furthermore, the brood pouch in B. lateralis extends to the fifth or sixth abdominal segment, whereas in B. campestris, the brood pouch extends to the fourth or fifth abdominal segment. Mature female B. lateralis are separated from B. campestris and B. potassa by the dorsolateral, transverse, angular bosses on the thoracic (including genital) and first few abdominal segments. Female B. campestris and B. potassa have oval dorsolateral lobes on the pregenital thoracic segments only. These structures are present only in mature animals. The first antennae of female B. potassa and B. mackini Dexter, 1956 are longer than the second antennae, whereas in B. lateralis and B. campestris the first and second antennae are subequal or shorter. Female B. lateralis are separated from all other reported Branchinecta species by the presence of lateral outpocketings of the brood pouch.
Distribution
Distribution and Habitat. B. lateralis has been collected from Colorado, Montana, Wyoming and Texas. Collection sites tend to be saline or clay playa type desert and grassland pools with clear to highly turbid water. B. lateralis often cooccurrs with the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana Kellogg, 1906 in similar situations as B. campestris (Lynch 1960; Sublette & Sublette 1967; Horne 1974). Collections made by Sublette and Sublette (1967) and Horne (1974) of B. campestris from saline pools in Lynn County, Texas on the Llano Estacado were probably B. lateralis (Lynch, 1960), as were Broch’s (1969) and HartlandRowe’s (1966) Canadian collections. Unfortunately their material is not available for comparison. This species could potentially occur in eastern New Mexico and Colorado.
Discussion
Comments. Lynch (1960) first commented on B. lateralis as a ëformí of B. campestris in the original description, but did not investigate the differences between the eastern and western forms further. Lynch mentions the defining characters for B. lateralis in material from Wyoming and Texas, however his material was limited and that which I examined at the Smithsonian and appears to have been not fully mature.
Description
Belk recognized B. readingi Belk, 2000, as a distinct species, separate from B. mackini Dexter, 1956. B. readingi had been studied intensively for years under the name of B. mackini (Belk 2000). Belk and Rogers (2002) found that a form of B. coloradensis Packard, 1874 with small apophyses, and the then undescribed B. oriena Rogers and Belk, 2002, had been reported as B. dissimilis Lynch, 1972. IUCN Red List Status. This species is widespread, and does not appear to be in any immediate danger, and therefore is categorized as “Least Concern” (IUCN2000). However, B. campestris is more restricted. Originally reported from several localities in Washington State, most of these populations, including the type locality are now under Grand Coulee Reservoir. Outside of Washington, this taxon is only reported from Lake Abert, Oregon (Fugate 1992) and from Soda Lake, California (Belk & Serpa 1992). Therefore B. campestris meets the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) red list criteria for designation as a VU D 2 species (IUCN2000). That is to say, B. campestris is vulnerable due to the population being very small and restricted, that may be prone to the effects of human activities or stochastic events within a short period of time.
Taxon Treatment
- Rogers, D. Christopher; 2006: Three new species of Branchinecta (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from the Nearctic, Zootaxa 1126: 36-41. doi
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