Heteromphrale
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BibTeX: @article{Winterton2011ZooKeys84, RIS/ Endnote: TY - JOUR Wikipedia/ Citizendium: <ref name="Winterton2011ZooKeys84">{{Citation |
Ordo: Diptera
Familia: Scenopinidae
Genus: Heteromphrale
Name
- Heteromphrale Kröber
|id=Heteromphrale |height=500
}}Heteromphrale Kröber 1937: 221. – Hardy 1966: 1; Kelsey 1969: 286; 1971: 284; 1973: 332; Woodley 2009: 651. Type species (by original designation): Pseudatrichia chilensis Kröber 1928: 31.
Diagnosis
Body length: 2.5–4.0 mm [male], 2.7–5.0 mm [female]. Cream-white with yellowish-brown suffusion; eyes contiguous in male, frons broader than ocellar tubercle in female; antennal flagellum approximately twice length of scape and pedicel combined, attenuate and pyriform, notched apically; scutum light brown to dark grey, with cream-white to yellow patches marginally (pale area often more extensive in female); entire thorax overlain with glaucous pubescence; wing vein M1 meeting vein R5, forming closed petiolate cell r5; R4 branching from R5 along basal half of cell r5; abdomen with tergites either dark brown-grey with pale white to yellow band posteriorly, or vivid white with orange-brown suffusion laterally (and medially in female); tergite 2 sensory setae well defined (Fig. 1); male epandrium split medially as two sclerites, halves sub-quadrangular with posterior margins flared or tapered laterally, or large and globose; epandrium not completely covering gonocoxite ventrally; gonocoxite and aedeagus extended anteriorly from anterior margin of epandrium a relatively short distance; gonocoxite irregular, largely reduced, with strongly sclerotized dorsal process; gonocoxal apodeme relatively thickened; hypandrium as paired lobes, size and shape variable, with margin of setae, but no large setal brushes; lateral aedeagal bulb present; distiphallus bifid, recurved dorsally at base or straight, slender or slightly thickened, arms parallel or divergent. Female sternite 8 longer than tergite 8, almost level with cerci, broadly rounded or weakly emarginate (not forming distinct lobes posterolaterally); 6–7 acanthophorite spines present on lobes of well defined tergite 9+10; furca ring-like, dark-sclerotized; spermathecae paired, sclerotized and irregular-shaped; spermathecal sac simple, minute, elongate.
Comments
Heteromphrale is closely related to Brevitrichia, a genus found primarily in western North America and throughout Central America (Kelsey 1969; Woodley 2009). Heteromphrale can be differentiated from Brevitrichia by the shape of sternite 8 in the female (apically emarginate with rounded posterolateral lobes in Brevitrichia), male distiphallus short and thick (relatively long and thread-like in Brevitrichia) and the distiphallus straight (highly reflexed basally in Brevitrichia). The distiphallus of Brevitrichia can be greatly elongated, with the basiphallus reflexed upon itself up to 180° as found in the proratine genus Cyrtosathe Winterton & Metz, 2005 (Winterton and Metz 2005). This complex arrangement of the distiphallus in Brevitrichia often projects anteriorly into the abdominal cavity and is supported by aedeagal guides formed by paired, blade-like extensions of the hypoproct; the aedeagus is largely contained within the genitalic capsule in Heteromphrale, with hypoproct extensions absent. The distinct dorsal processes (physically ventral) on the gonocoxites of Heteromphrale (Figs 2–3) are similar to those found in some species of Propebrevitrichia Kelsey, 1969 (see Winterton 2005) and indicate a likely close relationship between these genera.
Distribution
Southern South America; recorded from Uruguay, Chile and Argentina.
Included species
Heteromphrale blanca sp. n., Heteromphrale chilensis (Kröber) and Heteromphrale cyanops (Edwards).
Key
Taxon Treatment
- Winterton, SL; Gaimari, SD; 2011: Revision of the South American window fly genus Heteromphrale Krober, 1937 (Diptera, Scenopinidae). ZooKeys, 84: 39-57. doi ZooBank
Other References
- Hardy, DE 1966: Family Scenopinidae (Omphralidae). In: Papavero N (Ed) A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo, 32.1–32.5.
- Kelsey, LP 1969: A revision of the Scenopinidae (Diptera) of the world. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 277: 1–336. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33185
- Kelsey, LP 1971: A new scenopinid genus with three new species from Chile. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 47: 279-284.
- Kelsey, LP 1973: The zoogeographic distribution of known Scenopinidae (Diptera). Entomological News, 84: 329–332. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20571
- Kröber O 1928: Neue Dipteren des Deutschen Entomolog. Museums in Dahlem (Conopidae, Omphralidae, Therevidae, Tabanidae). Entomologische Mitteilungen, 17: 31-41.
- Kröber, O 1937: Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Omphraliden (Scenopiniden), Diptera. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 98: 211-231.
- Winterton, SL 2005: A new species of Propebrevitrichia Kelsey (Diptera: Scenopinidae: Scenopininae) from Botswana. Zootaxa, 818: 1–8. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2005f/zt00818.pdf
- Winterton, SL; Metz, MA 2005: Cyrtosathe gen. n.: the first non-scenopinine window fly from sub-Saharan Africa (Diptera: Scenopinidae). Zootaxa, 975: 1–12. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2005f/zt00975.pdf
- Woodley, NE 2009: Scenopinidae (Window flies). In: Brown BV, Borkent A, Cumming JM, Wood DM, Woodley NE, Zumbado M (Eds) Manual of Central American Diptera, Volume 1. National Research Council Press, Ottawa, 649–652.
Images
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![Figure 4. Heteromphrale spp.: Heteromphrale blanca sp. n.: A female head, anterior view [Morphbank entry= 579914 ] B male head, anterior view 579921; Heteromphrale chilensis (Kröber): C female head, anterior view morphbank 579925 D male head, anterior view 579932; Heteromphrale cyanops (Edwards): E female head, anterior view 579935 F male head, anterior view morphbank 579942. Scale line = 0.25 mm.](/wiki/File:ZooKeys-084-039-g004.jpg)
