Difference between revisions of "Prostheceraeus vittatus"

Latest revision as of 15:14, 22 April 2014

Taxonavigation

Ordo: Polycladida
Familia: Euryleptidae
Genus: Prostheceraeus

Name

Prostheceraeus vittatus (Montagu, 1815) Lang, 1884 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

Material examined

Two specimens captured in winter 2010 and 2012 (15/03/2010 and 24/02/2012). Voucher: one specimen sectioned sagittally, stained with Azan and deposited in the Invertebrate Collections of the MNCN; Cat. Nr: MNCN 4.01/648 to 4.01/662 (15 slides).

Description

Elongated worms 10–30 mm long and 7–15 mm wide. Body shape elongated, leaf-shaped, with pointed anterior and posterior ends, and with light undulating margins. Marginal tentacles well developed with whitish edges and pointed ends. Dorsal surface smooth. Background coloration whitish or ivory, with black, continuous stripes; between the stripes, black discontinuous lines are present (Figure 4C). Faint white band runs along the entire body margin (Figure 4A, B). Ventral side smooth and pale. Sucker in middle of body or slightly more posterior (Figure 4E). Cerebral eyes form two compact elongated, frontally anastomosing groups (Figure 4A). Tentacular eyes scarce and mainly at base of tentacles. Tubular pharynx near anterior end, oral pore in posterior region first quarter of the body. Male and female genital pores clearly separated and located behind the pharynx (Figure 4D, E). Male copulatory apparatus with antero-dorsally oriented prostatic vesicle (Figure 4D, E). Male system consists of a short penis papilla armed with a small conical stylet, a true prostatic vesicle with a smooth glandular epithelium and a seminal vesicle with a thick muscle layer. Vasa deferentia join a dilated common vas deferens that opens into seminal vesicle. Copulatory complex lies forwardly oriented, and seminal vesicle opens through a small duct directly into distal end of prostatic vesicle.
Female system lies posterior to male pore and is characterized by a short, rounded female atrium and a cement duct or pouch. In our specimen, a second dilatation (so-called shell gland pouch) follows the atrium, into which shell glands open. Posteriorly-orientated vagina and numerous uterine vesicles are situated medially to this pouch.

Biology

Prostheceraeus vittatus feeds mainly on Clavelina ascidians, as other Prostheceraeus species (Figure 4B).

Remarks

Lang (1884)^[1] mentions in the original description that specimens less than 1.5–2 cm in length were immature. However, sometimes our specimens from the Atlantic coast were mature, despite their small size (c. 1.5 cm in length).

Distribution

Two specimens of Prostheceraeus vittatus were captured during this study. The first animal was collected from “A Tiñosa” (Ria de Arosa, Galicia, Spain) on a rocky bottom between Clavelina lepadiformis colonies, at a depth of 24 metres (42°32.8240N, 008°57.9920W). The other worm was found on stones in “Petón Bajo” (Ria de Arosa, Galicia, Spain), at a depth of 16 metres (42°32.9880N, 008°57.9920W).
Prostheceraeus vittatus is known from the North Atlantic coasts of the United Kingdom, France, Ireland, Scandinavia, Norway, Denmark, from the Mediterranean shores in Italy (Gulf of Naples) (Faubel and Warwick 2005^[2]) and Spain (Catalonia) (Novell 2003^[3]). This is the first record for the species from the North Atlantic side of the Iberian Peninsula.

Taxon Treatment

• Noreña, C; Marquina, D; Perez, J; Almon, B; 2014: First records of Cotylea (Polycladida, Platyhelminthes) for the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula ZooKeys, 404: 1-22. doi

Other References

1. ↑ Lang A (1884) Die Polycladen (Seeplanarien) des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Eine Monographie. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte, herausgegeben von der Zoologische Station in Neapel. Engelmann, Leipzig.
2. ↑ Faubel A, Warwick R (2005) The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: free-living Plathelminthes (“Turbellaria”). Journal of Natural History 39: 1-47. doi: 10.1080/00222930310001613593
3. ↑ Novell C (2003) Tesis doctoral: Contribució al coneixement dels turbellaris policlàdides del litoral català. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/781

Images

Figure 4. Prostheceraeus vittatus. A dorsal view of a living animal B living animal feeding on ascidians C dorsal view of a fixed specimen D sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus E sagittal reconstruction of a whole specimen. Anterior to the left in D, E.