Difference between revisions of "Carasobarbus harterti"
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Ordo: Cypriniformes
Familia: Cyprinidae
Genus: Carasobarbus
Name
Carasobarbus harterti (Günther, 1901) comb. n. – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Barbus harterti Günther 1901[1]: 367.
Material
Type material. Syntypes: BMNH 1901.7.26:4-5, 2, Morocco, Oued Oum er Rbia [33°19'40"N, 8°20'2"W], E. Hartert.
Non-type material. Oued Oum er Rbia drainage. BMNH 1902.7.28:27-33, 7; BMNH 1903.10.29:11-15, 8, Morocco, Oued Oum er Rbia [33°19'40"N, 8°20'2"W], F. Riggenbach. - BMNH 1903.7.1:5-7, 3, Morocco, Oued Oum er Rbia near El Jadida [33°15'18"N, 8°30'22"W], F. Riggenbach. - MNHN 1912-0089, 1; MNHN 1912-0090, 1; MNHN 1912-0091, 1; MNHN 1912-0092, 1; MNHN 1912-0093, 1, Morocco, Oued Oum er Rbia near Azemmour [33°17'22"N, 8°20'33"W], C. du Gast, 1912. - SMF 33366, 1; SMF 33368, 1; SMF 33370, 1, Morocco, Oued Oum er Rbia (32°18'53"N, 6°54'33"W), A. Azeroual et al., 9 Apr 2011.
Oued Tennsift drainage. BMNH 1902.7.28:34, 1, Morocco, Oued Talmest [31°52'15"N, 9°18'31"W], F. Riggenbach.
Diagnosis
Two pairs of long barbels; 31 to 38 scales in the lateral line and 13 to 17 scales around the least circumference of the caudal peduncle; dorsal fin longer than anal fin and less than 15 % of the length of its last unbranched ray is flexible, dorsal profile of the head straight.
Description
The body is of moderate height and without a nuchal hump. The head is triangular with almost straight dorsal and ventral profile (Figs 19, 20). The head length is shorter than the body depth (Fig. 12). The mouth is subterminal with two pairs of long barbels (Table 2). The eyes are in the anterior half of the head and relatively big. The morphometric characters are summarised in Table 1. The dorsal fin is long and strongly ossified and less than 15 % of the length of its last unbranched ray is flexible. Its last unbranched ray is as long as or longer than the head (Fig. 4). It usually has four unbranched and nine branched rays (Table 3). The anal fin usually has three unbranched and six or seven branched rays (Table 4). It does not reach the caudal fin origin.
Carasobarbus harterti has 31 to 38 scales in the lateral line (Table 5), usually 5.5 or 6.5 scales above the lateral line (Table 6), 4.5 to 6.5 scales below the lateral line (Table 7) and 13 to 17 scales around the least circumference of the caudal peduncle (Table 8). The scales are shown in Fig. 5.
The pharyngeal teeth count is -4.3.2 in four specimens examined. The pharyngeal teeth are hooked at their tips (Fig. 6).
Live specimens are silvery with an olive tinge and orange fins (Fig. 20). Ethanol-preserved specimens are yellow-brown, the back is darker than the belly and flanks.
The maximum length observed in the material examined is 250 mm SL.
Carasobarbus harterti differs from all congeners except Carasobarbus exulatus and Carasobarbus fritschii in having nine rather than 10 branched dorsal-fin rays. It differs from Carasobarbus exulatus in having 31 to 38 scales in the lateral line vs 26 to 32 and modally 16 scales around the least circumference of the caudal peduncle vs. 12. It differs from Carasobarbus fritschii in having a straight dorsal head profile and a last unbranched dorsal-fin ray that is strongly ossified and flexible for less than 15 % of its length vs. a convex dorsal head profile and a last unbranched dorsal-fin ray that is weakly ossified and flexible for more than 15 % of its length.
Distribution
Carasobarbus harterti occurs in the rivers of the Oued Oum er Rbia and Tennsift drainage systems in Morocco (Fig. 18).
Habitats and biology
Carasobarbus harterti is less common than Carasobarbus fritschii and inhabits only the lower and middle course of big rivers.
Conservation status
The IUCN rates this species as “Vulnerable A2ace“ (Crivelli 2006d[2]). The population has declined more than 30 % in the time from 1996 to 2006 due to urban, agricultural and industrial pollution (Crivelli 2006d[2]).
Discussion
Carasobarbus harterti was described from Oued Oum er Rbia as Barbus harterti (Günther 1901[1]). Some authors placed this species in the genus Barbus subgenus Labeobarbus (Boulenger 1919[3], Pellegrin 1921[4]) while others continued using the genus Barbus (Pellegrin 1919[5], 1939[6]). Karaman (1971)[7] synonymised it with Carasobarbus fritschii, but regarded it as a distinct subspecies. He incorrectly synonymised Barbus rothschildi, Barbus riggenbachi and Barbus paytonii with this subspecies and placed it in his newly erected genus Pseudotor. Subsequent authors did not accept Karaman’s proposal and continued using Barbus (Fowler 1976[8], El Gharbi et al. 1993[9], Azeroual et al. 2000[10], Leggatt and Iwama 2003[11], Colli et al. 2009[12], Borkenhagen et al. 2011[13]) or proposed using Labeobarbus (Doadrio 1994[14], Tsigenopoulos et al. 2010[15]). We transfer this species to the genus Carasobarbus, based on the possession of a smooth last unbranched dorsal-fin ray, nine branched dorsal-fin rays, six branched rays in the anal fin and shield-shaped scales with numerous parallel radii. Analysis of molecular genetic characters (Durand et al. 2002[16], Tsigenopoulos et al. 2010[15], KB unpublished data) support this decision.
Taxon Treatment
- Borkenhagen, K; Krupp, F; 2013: Taxonomic revision of the genus Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) ZooKeys, 339: 1-53. doi
Other References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Günther A (1901) Second notice of new species of fishes from Morocco. Novitates Zoologicae. A Journal of Zoology in Connection with the Tring Museum 8: 367-368.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Crivelli A (2006d) Barbus harterti. In: IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. http://www.iucnredlist.org
- ↑ Boulenger G (1919) La distribution en Afrique des Barbeaux du sous-genre Labeobarbus. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l’Academie des Sciences 169: 1016-1018.
- ↑ Pellegrin J (1921) Les poissons des eaux douces de l’Afrique du Nord française Maroc: Algérie, Tunisie, Sahara. Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc 1(2).
- ↑ Pellegrin J (1919) Sur la faune ichthyologique des eaux douces du Maroc. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences 169: 809-811.
- ↑ Pellegrin J (1939) Les barbeaux de l’Afrique du nord Française: description d’une espèce nouvelle. Bulletin de la Société des sciences naturelles du Maroc 19: 1-10.
- ↑ Karaman M (1971) Süßwasserfische der Türkei. 8. Teil: Revision der Barben Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut 67: 175-254.
- ↑ Fowler H (1976) A Catalog of World Fishes (XXV). Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum 29(3&4): 277–396.
- ↑ El Gharbi S, Lambert A, Berrebi P (1993) Le genre Barbus (sous-genres Barbus et Labeobarbus) au Maroc. Génétique et parasitologie. Cahiers d’éthologie 13(2): 223-226.
- ↑ Azeroual A, Crivelli A, Yahyaoui A, Dakki M (2000) L’ichtyofaune des eaux continentals du Maroc. Cybium 23(3): 17-22.
- ↑ Leggatt R, Iwama G (2003) Occurrence of polyploidy in the fishes. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 13(3): 237-246. doi: 10.1023/B:RFBF.0000033049.00668.fe
- ↑ Colli L, Paglianti A, Berti R, Gandolfi G, Tagliavini J (2009) Molecular phylogeny of the blind cavefish Phreatichthys andruzzii and Garra barreimiae within the family Cyprinidae. Environmental Biology of Fishes 84(1): 95-107. doi: 10.1007/s10641-008-9393-z
- ↑ Borkenhagen K, Esmaeili H, Mohsenzadeh S, Shahryari F (2011) The molecular systematics of the Carasobarbus species from Iran and adjacent areas, with comments on Carasobarbus albus (Heckel, 1843). Environmental Biology of Fishes 91(3): 327-335. doi: 10.1007/s10641-011-9787-1
- ↑ Doadrio I (1994) Freshwater fish fauna of North Africa and its biogeography. Annales du Musee royale de l’Afrique Centrale, Zoologie 275: 21-34.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Tsigenopoulos C, Kasapidis P, Berrebi P (2010) Phylogenetic relationships of hexaploid large-sized barbs (genus Labeobarbus, Cyprinidae) based on mtDNA data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56(2): 851-856. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.02.006
- ↑ Durand J, Tsigenopoulos C, Ünlü E, Berrebi P (2002) Phylogeny and biogeography of the family Cyprinidae in the Middle East inferred from cytochrome b DNA - Evolutionary significance of this region. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 22(1): 91-100. doi: 10.1006/mpev.2001.1040
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