Difference between revisions of "Heteromphrale"
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| title = Revision of the South American window fly genus Heteromphrale Kröber, 1937 (Diptera, Scenopinidae) | | title = Revision of the South American window fly genus Heteromphrale Kröber, 1937 (Diptera, Scenopinidae) | ||
| journal = ZooKeys | | journal = ZooKeys | ||
| − | |||
| volume = 84 | | volume = 84 | ||
| pages = 39--57 | | pages = 39--57 | ||
| doi = 10.3897/zookeys.84.774 | | doi = 10.3897/zookeys.84.774 | ||
| + | | citationurl = http://www.pensoft.net/journal_home_page.php?journal_id=1&page=article&type=citation&article_id=774 | ||
| + | | url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/774/abstract | ||
| + | | publisher = Pensoft Publishers | ||
| + | | publisherurl = http://www.pensoft.net/ | ||
}} | }} | ||
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==Name== | ==Name== | ||
| − | * ''[[Heteromphrale]]'' {{aut|Kröber}} | + | * ''[[Heteromphrale]]'' {{aut|Kröber}} {{External databases}} |
| − | ''[[Heteromphrale]]'' Kröber 1937: 221. – Hardy 1966: 1; Kelsey 1969: 286; 1971: 284; 1973: 332; Woodley 2009: 651. Type species (by original designation): ''[[Pseudatrichia chilensis]]'' Kröber 1928: 31. | + | |
| + | ''[[Heteromphrale]]'' Kröber 1937: 221. – Hardy 1966: 1; Kelsey 1969: 286; 1971: 284; 1973: 332; Woodley 2009: 651. Type species (by original designation): ''[[Pseudatrichia chilensis]]'' Kröber 1928: 31. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
| Line 89: | Line 93: | ||
|3= File:ZooKeys-084-039-g002.jpg|4='''Figure 2.''' ''[[Heteromphrale]]'' spp. Male genitalia: '''A''' ''[[Heteromphrale blanca]]'' sp. n.: dorsal view '''B''' same, lateral view '''C''' ''[[Heteromphrale chilensis]]'' (Krober): dorsal view '''D''' same, lateral view. Scale line = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: '''d''' distiphallus '''e''' epandrium '''g''' gonocoxite '''ga''' gonocoxal apodeme '''gs''' gonostylus '''h''' hypandrium hy hypoproct '''lab''' lateral aedeagal bulb '''va''' ventral apodeme of parameral sheath. | |3= File:ZooKeys-084-039-g002.jpg|4='''Figure 2.''' ''[[Heteromphrale]]'' spp. Male genitalia: '''A''' ''[[Heteromphrale blanca]]'' sp. n.: dorsal view '''B''' same, lateral view '''C''' ''[[Heteromphrale chilensis]]'' (Krober): dorsal view '''D''' same, lateral view. Scale line = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: '''d''' distiphallus '''e''' epandrium '''g''' gonocoxite '''ga''' gonocoxal apodeme '''gs''' gonostylus '''h''' hypandrium hy hypoproct '''lab''' lateral aedeagal bulb '''va''' ventral apodeme of parameral sheath. | ||
|5= File:ZooKeys-084-039-g003.jpg|6='''Figure 3.''' ''[[Heteromphrale cyanops]]'' (Edwards). Male genitalia: '''A''' dorsal view '''B''' same lateral view. Female genitalia: '''C''' lateral view, with tergite 8 cut away. Scale line = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: '''d''' distiphallus '''e''' epandrium '''g''' gonocoxite '''ga''' gonocoxal apodeme '''gs''' gonostylus '''h''' hypandrium '''hy''' hypoproct '''lab''' lateral aedeagal bulb '''va''' ventral apodeme of parameral sheath '''A1''' acanthophorite spines '''f''' furca '''s''' spermatheca '''sd''' spermathecal duct '''ss''' spermathecal sac '''s8''' sternite 8 '''s10''' sternite 10 '''t8''' tergite 8 '''t9+10''' tergites 9 and 10. | |5= File:ZooKeys-084-039-g003.jpg|6='''Figure 3.''' ''[[Heteromphrale cyanops]]'' (Edwards). Male genitalia: '''A''' dorsal view '''B''' same lateral view. Female genitalia: '''C''' lateral view, with tergite 8 cut away. Scale line = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: '''d''' distiphallus '''e''' epandrium '''g''' gonocoxite '''ga''' gonocoxal apodeme '''gs''' gonostylus '''h''' hypandrium '''hy''' hypoproct '''lab''' lateral aedeagal bulb '''va''' ventral apodeme of parameral sheath '''A1''' acanthophorite spines '''f''' furca '''s''' spermatheca '''sd''' spermathecal duct '''ss''' spermathecal sac '''s8''' sternite 8 '''s10''' sternite 10 '''t8''' tergite 8 '''t9+10''' tergites 9 and 10. | ||
| − | |7= File:ZooKeys-084-039-g004.jpg|8='''Figure 4.''' ''[[Heteromphrale]]'' spp.: ''[[Heteromphrale blanca]]'' sp. n.: '''A''' female head, anterior view [Morphbank entry= [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579914 579914] ] '''B''' male head, anterior view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579921 579921]; ''[[Heteromphrale chilensis]]'' (Kröber): '''C''' female head, anterior view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579925 morphbank 579925] '''D''' male head, anterior view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579932 579932]; ''[[Heteromphrale cyanops]]'' (Edwards): '''E''' female head, anterior view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579935 579935] '''F''' male head, anterior view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579942 morphbank 579942]. Scale line = 0.25 mm. | + | |7= File:ZooKeys-084-039-g004.jpg|8='''Figure 4.''' ''[[Heteromphrale]]'' spp.: ''[[Heteromphrale blanca]]'' sp. n.: '''A''' female head, anterior view <nowiki>[</nowiki>Morphbank entry= [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579914 579914]<nowiki>]</nowiki> '''B''' male head, anterior view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579921 579921]; ''[[Heteromphrale chilensis]]'' (Kröber): '''C''' female head, anterior view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579925 morphbank 579925] '''D''' male head, anterior view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579932 579932]; ''[[Heteromphrale cyanops]]'' (Edwards): '''E''' female head, anterior view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579935 579935] '''F''' male head, anterior view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579942 morphbank 579942]. Scale line = 0.25 mm. |
|9= File:ZooKeys-084-039-g005.jpg|10='''Figure 5.''' ''[[Heteromphrale]]'' spp.: ''[[Heteromphrale blanca]]'' sp. n.: '''A''' female thorax, dorsal view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579911 579911] '''B''' male thorax, dorsal view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579919 579919]; ''[[Heteromphrale chilensis]]'' (Kröber): '''C''' female thorax, dorsal view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579923 579923] '''D''' male thorax, dorsal view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579929 579929]; ''[[Heteromphrale cyanops]]'' (Edwards): '''E''' female thorax, dorsal view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579933 579933] '''F''' male thorax, dorsal view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579939 morphbank 579939]. Scale line = 0.25 mm. | |9= File:ZooKeys-084-039-g005.jpg|10='''Figure 5.''' ''[[Heteromphrale]]'' spp.: ''[[Heteromphrale blanca]]'' sp. n.: '''A''' female thorax, dorsal view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579911 579911] '''B''' male thorax, dorsal view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579919 579919]; ''[[Heteromphrale chilensis]]'' (Kröber): '''C''' female thorax, dorsal view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579923 579923] '''D''' male thorax, dorsal view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579929 579929]; ''[[Heteromphrale cyanops]]'' (Edwards): '''E''' female thorax, dorsal view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579933 579933] '''F''' male thorax, dorsal view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579939 morphbank 579939]. Scale line = 0.25 mm. | ||
|11= File:ZooKeys-084-039-g006.jpg|12='''Figure 6.''' ''[[Heteromphrale blanca]]'' sp. n.: '''A''' male, lateral view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579920 579920] '''B''' female, lateral view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579913 morphbank 579913]. Scale line = 0.25 mm. | |11= File:ZooKeys-084-039-g006.jpg|12='''Figure 6.''' ''[[Heteromphrale blanca]]'' sp. n.: '''A''' male, lateral view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579920 579920] '''B''' female, lateral view [http://www.morphbank.net/?id=579913 morphbank 579913]. Scale line = 0.25 mm. | ||
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Ordo: Diptera
Familia: Scenopinidae
Genus: Heteromphrale
Name
- Heteromphrale Kröber Pensoft Taxon Profile {{#widget:TaxonProfile
|id=Heteromphrale |height=500
}}
Heteromphrale Kröber 1937: 221. – Hardy 1966: 1; Kelsey 1969: 286; 1971: 284; 1973: 332; Woodley 2009: 651. Type species (by original designation): Pseudatrichia chilensis Kröber 1928: 31.
Diagnosis
Body length: 2.5–4.0 mm [male], 2.7–5.0 mm [female]. Cream-white with yellowish-brown suffusion; eyes contiguous in male, frons broader than ocellar tubercle in female; antennal flagellum approximately twice length of scape and pedicel combined, attenuate and pyriform, notched apically; scutum light brown to dark grey, with cream-white to yellow patches marginally (pale area often more extensive in female); entire thorax overlain with glaucous pubescence; wing vein M1 meeting vein R5, forming closed petiolate cell r5; R4 branching from R5 along basal half of cell r5; abdomen with tergites either dark brown-grey with pale white to yellow band posteriorly, or vivid white with orange-brown suffusion laterally (and medially in female); tergite 2 sensory setae well defined (Fig. 1); male epandrium split medially as two sclerites, halves sub-quadrangular with posterior margins flared or tapered laterally, or large and globose; epandrium not completely covering gonocoxite ventrally; gonocoxite and aedeagus extended anteriorly from anterior margin of epandrium a relatively short distance; gonocoxite irregular, largely reduced, with strongly sclerotized dorsal process; gonocoxal apodeme relatively thickened; hypandrium as paired lobes, size and shape variable, with margin of setae, but no large setal brushes; lateral aedeagal bulb present; distiphallus bifid, recurved dorsally at base or straight, slender or slightly thickened, arms parallel or divergent. Female sternite 8 longer than tergite 8, almost level with cerci, broadly rounded or weakly emarginate (not forming distinct lobes posterolaterally); 6–7 acanthophorite spines present on lobes of well defined tergite 9+10; furca ring-like, dark-sclerotized; spermathecae paired, sclerotized and irregular-shaped; spermathecal sac simple, minute, elongate.
Comments
Heteromphrale is closely related to Brevitrichia, a genus found primarily in western North America and throughout Central America (Kelsey 1969; Woodley 2009). Heteromphrale can be differentiated from Brevitrichia by the shape of sternite 8 in the female (apically emarginate with rounded posterolateral lobes in Brevitrichia), male distiphallus short and thick (relatively long and thread-like in Brevitrichia) and the distiphallus straight (highly reflexed basally in Brevitrichia). The distiphallus of Brevitrichia can be greatly elongated, with the basiphallus reflexed upon itself up to 180° as found in the proratine genus Cyrtosathe Winterton & Metz, 2005 (Winterton and Metz 2005). This complex arrangement of the distiphallus in Brevitrichia often projects anteriorly into the abdominal cavity and is supported by aedeagal guides formed by paired, blade-like extensions of the hypoproct; the aedeagus is largely contained within the genitalic capsule in Heteromphrale, with hypoproct extensions absent. The distinct dorsal processes (physically ventral) on the gonocoxites of Heteromphrale (Figs 2–3) are similar to those found in some species of Propebrevitrichia Kelsey, 1969 (see Winterton 2005) and indicate a likely close relationship between these genera.
Distribution
Southern South America; recorded from Uruguay, Chile and Argentina.
Included species
Heteromphrale blanca sp. n., Heteromphrale chilensis (Kröber) and Heteromphrale cyanops (Edwards).
Key
Taxon Treatment
- Winterton, SL; Gaimari, SD; 2011: Revision of the South American window fly genus Heteromphrale Krober, 1937 (Diptera, Scenopinidae). ZooKeys, 84: 39-57. doi ZooBank
Other References
- Hardy, DE 1966: Family Scenopinidae (Omphralidae). In: Papavero N (Ed) A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo, 32.1–32.5.
- Kelsey, LP 1969: A revision of the Scenopinidae (Diptera) of the world. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 277: 1–336. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33185
- Kelsey, LP 1971: A new scenopinid genus with three new species from Chile. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 47: 279-284.
- Kelsey, LP 1973: The zoogeographic distribution of known Scenopinidae (Diptera). Entomological News, 84: 329–332. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20571
- Kröber O 1928: Neue Dipteren des Deutschen Entomolog. Museums in Dahlem (Conopidae, Omphralidae, Therevidae, Tabanidae). Entomologische Mitteilungen, 17: 31-41.
- Kröber, O 1937: Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Omphraliden (Scenopiniden), Diptera. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 98: 211-231.
- Winterton, SL 2005: A new species of Propebrevitrichia Kelsey (Diptera: Scenopinidae: Scenopininae) from Botswana. Zootaxa, 818: 1–8. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2005f/zt00818.pdf
- Winterton, SL; Metz, MA 2005: Cyrtosathe gen. n.: the first non-scenopinine window fly from sub-Saharan Africa (Diptera: Scenopinidae). Zootaxa, 975: 1–12. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2005f/zt00975.pdf
- Woodley, NE 2009: Scenopinidae (Window flies). In: Brown BV, Borkent A, Cumming JM, Wood DM, Woodley NE, Zumbado M (Eds) Manual of Central American Diptera, Volume 1. National Research Council Press, Ottawa, 649–652.
Images
Figure 1. Heteromphrale chilensis (Kröber): Scanning electron micrograph of tergite 2 sensory setal patch.
Figure 2. Heteromphrale spp. Male genitalia: A Heteromphrale blanca sp. n.: dorsal view B same, lateral view C Heteromphrale chilensis (Krober): dorsal view D same, lateral view. Scale line = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: d distiphallus e epandrium g gonocoxite ga gonocoxal apodeme gs gonostylus h hypandrium hy hypoproct lab lateral aedeagal bulb va ventral apodeme of parameral sheath.
Figure 3. Heteromphrale cyanops (Edwards). Male genitalia: A dorsal view B same lateral view. Female genitalia: C lateral view, with tergite 8 cut away. Scale line = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: d distiphallus e epandrium g gonocoxite ga gonocoxal apodeme gs gonostylus h hypandrium hy hypoproct lab lateral aedeagal bulb va ventral apodeme of parameral sheath A1 acanthophorite spines f furca s spermatheca sd spermathecal duct ss spermathecal sac s8 sternite 8 s10 sternite 10 t8 tergite 8 t9+10 tergites 9 and 10.![Figure 4. Heteromphrale spp.: Heteromphrale blanca sp. n.: A female head, anterior view [Morphbank entry= 579914] B male head, anterior view 579921; Heteromphrale chilensis (Kröber): C female head, anterior view morphbank 579925 D male head, anterior view 579932; Heteromphrale cyanops (Edwards): E female head, anterior view 579935 F male head, anterior view morphbank 579942. Scale line = 0.25 mm.](/w/media/thumb/0/07/ZooKeys-084-039-g004.jpg/183px-ZooKeys-084-039-g004.jpg)
Figure 4. Heteromphrale spp.: Heteromphrale blanca sp. n.: A female head, anterior view [Morphbank entry= 579914] B male head, anterior view 579921; Heteromphrale chilensis (Kröber): C female head, anterior view morphbank 579925 D male head, anterior view 579932; Heteromphrale cyanops (Edwards): E female head, anterior view 579935 F male head, anterior view morphbank 579942. Scale line = 0.25 mm.
Figure 5. Heteromphrale spp.: Heteromphrale blanca sp. n.: A female thorax, dorsal view 579911 B male thorax, dorsal view 579919; Heteromphrale chilensis (Kröber): C female thorax, dorsal view 579923 D male thorax, dorsal view 579929; Heteromphrale cyanops (Edwards): E female thorax, dorsal view 579933 F male thorax, dorsal view morphbank 579939. Scale line = 0.25 mm.
Figure 6. Heteromphrale blanca sp. n.: A male, lateral view 579920 B female, lateral view morphbank 579913. Scale line = 0.25 mm.
Figure 7. Heteromphrale chilensis (Kröber): A male, lateral view 579931 B female, lateral view morphbank 579924. Scale line = 0.25 mm.
Figure 8. Heteromphrale cyanops (Edwards): A male, lateral view 579941 B female, lateral view morphbank 579934. Scale line = 0.25 mm.
Figure 9. Heteromphrale spp., female terminalia: Heteromphrale blanca sp. n.: A dorsal view 579915 B lateral view 579916 C ventral view 579917; Heteromphrale chilensis (Kröber): D dorsal view 579926 E lateral view 579927 F ventral view 579928; Heteromphrale cyanops (Edwards): G dorsal view 579936 H lateral view morphbank 579937 I ventral view 579938. Scale line = 0.25 mm.
Figure 10. Heteromphrale spp., male terminalia: A Heteromphrale blanca sp. n., lateral view 579922 B Heteromphrale chilensis (Kröber), lateral view 579930 C Heteromphrale cyanops (Edwards), lateral view morphbank 579940. Scale line = 0.25 mm.
![Figure 4. Heteromphrale spp.: Heteromphrale blanca sp. n.: A female head, anterior view [Morphbank entry= 579914] B male head, anterior view 579921; Heteromphrale chilensis (Kröber): C female head, anterior view morphbank 579925 D male head, anterior view 579932; Heteromphrale cyanops (Edwards): E female head, anterior view 579935 F male head, anterior view morphbank 579942. Scale line = 0.25 mm.](/wiki/File:ZooKeys-084-039-g004.jpg)
