Difference between revisions of "Agrostis stolonifera"

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{{Publication to wiki notice
 
{{Publication to wiki notice
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  | author = Sylvester, Steven P. AND Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E. AND Bravo-Pedraza, William J. AND Soreng, Robert J.
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  | author = Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis AND Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso AND Alvarado Cárdenas, Leonardo O. AND Eguiarte, Luis E.
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  | author_abbreviated = Sylvester S AND Cuta-Alarcon L AND Bravo-Pedraza W AND Soreng R
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  | author_abbreviated = Vigosa-Mercado J AND Delgado-Salinas A AND Alvarado Cárdenas L AND Eguiarte L
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  | year = 2020
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  | year = 2023
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  | title = ''Agrostis'' and ''Podagrostis'' (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from páramos of Boyacá, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species
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  | title = Revision of the genus ''Agrostis'' (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico
 
  | journal = PhytoKeys
 
  | journal = PhytoKeys
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  | volume = 151
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  | volume = 230
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  | pages = 107--160
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  | pages = 157--256
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  | doi = 10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538
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  | doi = 10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
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  | citationurl = https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=50538&element_type=9  
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  | citationurl = https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=105878&element_type=9  
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  | url = https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=50538
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  | url = https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=105878
 
  | publisher = Pensoft Publishers
 
  | publisher = Pensoft Publishers
 
  | publisherurl = http://www.pensoft.net/
 
  | publisherurl = http://www.pensoft.net/
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  | Infraspecific name =  
 
  | Infraspecific name =  
 
  | Taxon rank =
 
  | Taxon rank =
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  | Taxon authority = L., Sp. Pl. 1: 62. 1753
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  | Taxon authority = L., Sp. Pl. 1: 62. 1753.
 
  | Taxon status =  
 
  | Taxon status =  
 +
| Nomenclature citation = {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name|<nowiki>=</nowiki>Agrostis palustris}}''  Huds., Fl. Angl. (Hudson) 27. 1762. {{Taxon name|Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris}} (Huds.) Farw., Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 351. 1920. {{Taxon name|Agrostis polymorpha Huds. var. palustris}} (Huds.) Huds., Fl. Angl. (ed. 2) 1: 32. 1778. {{Taxon name|Agrostis alba L. var. palustris}} (Huds.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 76. 1805. {{Taxon name|Apera palustris}} (Huds.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 148. 1821. {{Taxon name|Agrostis stolonifera L. subsp. palustris}} (Huds.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 58. 1971. Type: England. 119. Gramen Miliac. maj. panic. viridi. In Herb. Petiver (lectotype, designated by Widén (1971<ref name="B80">{{aut|Widén K}} (1971) The genus ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis}}'' L. in eastern Fennoscandia. Taxonomy and distribution.Flora Fennica5: 1–209. [http://hdl.handle.net/10138/36219 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/36219]</ref >: 77): BM).}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name| Agrostis polymorpha Huds. var. stolonifera}}'' (L.) Huds., Fl. Angl. (ed. 2) 1: 31. 1778.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name| Decandolia stolonifera}}'' (L.) Bastard, Essai Fl. Maine et Loire 29. 1809.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name| Vilfa stolonifera}}'' (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 16. 1812.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name| Milium stoloniferum}}'' (L.) Lag., Elench. Pl. Nov. 10. 1816.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name| Agrostis alba L. var. stolonifera}}'' (L.) Sm., Engl. Fl. 1: 93. 1824.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name| Agrostis vulgaris With. var. stolonifera}}'' (L.) G. Mey., Chloris Han.: 657. 1836.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name| Agrostis vulgaris With. var. stolonifera}}'' (L.) W.D.J. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 782. 1837.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name| Agrostis tenuis Sibth. var. stolonifera}}'' (L.) Podp., Kvetena Moravy (Prace Marav. Prir. Spolc.) 6: 354. 1926.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name| Agrostis palustris Huds. var. stolonifera}}'' (L.) Druce, Fl. Oxfordshire (ed. 2) 473. 1927.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name| Agrostis capillaris L. var. stolonifera}}'' (L.) Druce, List Brit. Pl. 126. 1928.*}}
 
  | Wikispecies page name = Agrostis_stolonifera
 
  | Wikispecies page name = Agrostis_stolonifera
 
  | Pensoft Profile = Agrostis_stolonifera
 
  | Pensoft Profile = Agrostis_stolonifera
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==Type==
 
==Type==
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<nowiki>[</nowiki>Habitat in Europa<nowiki>]</nowiki>, Herb. A. van Royen s.n. (lectotype, designated by Widén 1971<ref name="B41">{{aut|Widén K}} (1971) The Genus ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis}}'' in Eastern Fennoscandia. Taxonomy and Distribution.Flora Fennica5: 1–209.</ref >: 77: L (L0059234 <nowiki>[</nowiki>image!<nowiki>]</nowiki>)).<br />
+
Herb. A. van Royen s.n. (lectotype, designated by Widén (1971<ref name="B80">{{aut|Widén K}} (1971) The genus ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis}}'' L. in eastern Fennoscandia. Taxonomy and distribution.Flora Fennica5: 1–209. [http://hdl.handle.net/10138/36219 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/36219]</ref >: 77): L (L0059234 <nowiki>[</nowiki>image!<nowiki>]</nowiki>)).
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Many heterotypic synonyms.
+
  
 
==Description==
 
==Description==
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'''Perennial herbs''', generally creeping, usually extensively stoloniferous with long stolons to 200 cm long, less often with short stolons, rhizomes usually absent. '''Tillers''' extravaginal, with cataphylls present. '''Culms''' 15−100 cm tall, erect or decumbent at their base, delicate to fairly firm, nodes usually held within sheaths with 0(−3) exerted at flowering, usually smooth to rarely scaberulous. '''Leaves''' mainly cauline, glabrous, scaberulous; '''ligules''' 1−6.5(−8) mm long, of basal leaves and tillers 1−3 mm long, of upper culm 2−6.5(−8) mm long, rounded to truncate, not or slightly to moderately decurrent with the sheath, abaxial surface scaberulous; '''blades''' 2−26 cm long, 1−8 mm wide, flat or sometimes folded, soft and lax, surfaces and margins scaberulous to scabrous, apices acute. '''Panicles''' 2−20(−32) cm long, 1−16 cm wide, open and lax or contracted after flowering, ovoid to pyramidal, slightly to usually greatly exerted from the basal foliage, lateral branches naked in the lower 1/3−1/4 or with spikelets present to the base, long, ascending, spreading, to somewhat divergent and not held close to the central inflorescence axis at or before flowering, held close to the central rachis at maturity, central axis and panicle branches scabrous or very rarely smooth; '''pedicels''' 0.5−2.5 mm long, usually shorter than their spikelets, dilated or not at their apex, scabrous. '''Spikelets''' (not including awn, if present) 1.8−3 mm long; '''glumes''' subequal or unequal, the lower slightly longer than the upper by up to c. 0.5 mm, 1-veined, lower glume keel usually scabrous in the distal half, upper glume often smooth throughout, apices acute; '''floret''' usually 2/3−3/4 the length of the glumes; '''calluses''' with 2 sparse lateral tufts of short hairs; '''lemmas''' 1.2−2.2(−2.5) mm long, (3-) 5-veined, glabrous or rarely pubescent at the base with hairs 0.1−0.2 mm long, smooth, apex obtuse or truncate, erose, muticous or rarely with an awn 0.5−3 mm long, usually inserted above the middle of the dorsal keel, exerted or not from the glumes, straight, flexuose or geniculate, twisted or not, weak and falling easily; '''paleas''' 0.7−1.3(−1.6) mm long, (2/5−)½−¾ the length of the lemma; '''rachilla''' absent; '''anthers''' 0.9−1.6 mm long.
+
'''''Plants''''' perennial, stoloniferous. '''''Tillers''''' extravaginal, with cataphylls. '''Stolons''' up to 1(–2) m long. '''''Culms''''' (8–)15–60 cm long, erect, decumbent at the base, nodes (2–)3–7, glabrous, lower nodes rooting, internodes glabrous. '''''Leaves''''' mostly cauline; sheaths 2.5–8 cm long, usually shorter than the internodes, glabrous or scaberulous; ligules 1–7 mm long, longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices rounded to truncate, erose to lacerate; blades (1–)2–10 cm long, (1–)2–6 mm wide, linear, flat, becoming convolute when dry scaberulous on both surfaces. '''''Panicles''''' (3–)4–20 cm long, 0.5–3 cm wide, open at anthesis, becoming contracted, dense, lanceolate, sometimes spiciform; branches appressed to ascending, branching from below mid-length, scaberulous, inferior branches 2–6 cm long, lateral branches often with spikelets near their base; pedicels 0.5–3.3 mm long, appressed to ascending, scaberulous. '''''Spikelets''''' 1.6–2 (–3) mm long, greenish, often tinged with purple; glumes subequal to unequal, lanceolate, apices acute to shortly acuminate, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, lower glume 1.6–2 (–3) mm long, upper glume 1.4–2(1.6–2 (–3) mm long; callus puberulous, with 2 bunches of short trichomes, sometimes inconspicuous; lemmas 1.4–2 mm long, elliptic to oblong, apices entire, acute to obtuse, sometimes toothed, 3(5)-veined, veins inconspicuous or prominent distally, unawned, rarely awned from above mid-length, awn up to 1.5 mm long, inserted 0.8–1.5 mm above the base, straight or weakly geniculate; paleas present, 0.7–1.4 mm long, 2-veined, glabrous; anthers 3, 0.9–1.5 mm long. '''''Caryopsis''''' 0.9–1.3, elliptic; endosperm solid. 2n<nowiki>=</nowiki> 28, 35, 42 (Harvey 2007<ref name="B22">{{aut|Harvey M}} (2007) ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis}}''. In: Barkworth M Capels K Long S Anderton L Piep M (Eds) Flora of North America North of Mexico (Vol.24) Oxford University Press, New York, 633–662. [http://floranorthamerica.org/Agrostis http://floranorthamerica.org/Agrostis]</ref >).
  
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==Distribution and ecology==
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==Anatomy and micromorphology==
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Widespread and cosmopolitan or Eurasian origin, introduced to South America from Europe. While no specimens of ''{{Taxon name|A. stolonifera}}'' were verified from Departamento Boyacá at US or encountered during extensive fieldwork in the region, the species is cited for Boyacá in the checklist (Giraldo-Cañas et al. 2016<ref name="B10">{{aut|Giraldo-Cañas D}}, {{aut|Londoño X}}, {{aut|Clark L}} (2016) {{Taxon name|Poaceae}}. In: Bernal R Gradstein S Celis M (Eds) Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia (Vol.2). Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., 2127–2205.</ref >) and specimens were found at US from the neighboring Departamento Cundinamarca in the Cordillera Oriental meaning it likely that the species occurs in Boyacá.
+
Leaf blades flat to convolute in transversal section; adaxial furrows medium-sized to deep, wide; adaxial ribs rounded; keel absent; first order bundles circular to slightly elliptical in outline, sheath interrupted adaxially and abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in girders, narrowing towards the bundle; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; intercostal sclerenchyma absent; leaf margins with well-developed sclerenchyma caps, rounded; colorless cells absent (Fig. 31D, E). Lemmas without transversal thickenings, prickle hairs abundant to scarce (Fig. 32B).
  
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==Other specimens examined==
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==Distribution and habitat==
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'''Colombia'''. '''Cundinamarca''': Sabana de Bogota, 2600 m alt., 29 Dec. 1938, J. Cuatrecasas 452 (US1772826); Tunjuelo, granja experimental “La Picota”, <nowiki>[</nowiki>[http://ptp.pensoft.eu/redirect_to_googlemap.php?labels%5B0%5D=4.5331N%2C+74.1117W&coordinates%5B0%5D=4.5331N%2C+74.1117W 4.5331N, 74.1117W]<nowiki>]</nowiki>, 2600 m alt., 3 Feb. 1933, H. García-Barriga 6 (US2115003).
+
Introduced. ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis stolonifera}}'' is native to Eurasia and northern North America (Harvey 2007<ref name="B22">{{aut|Harvey M}} (2007) ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis}}''. In: Barkworth M Capels K Long S Anderton L Piep M (Eds) Flora of North America North of Mexico (Vol.24) Oxford University Press, New York, 633–662. [http://floranorthamerica.org/Agrostis http://floranorthamerica.org/Agrostis]</ref >). In the study zone, this taxon has been collected from the Mexican states of Baja California and Veracruz (Fig. 26C). ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis}}'' has also been reported from the southern United States and Mexico City, also from the states of Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Nuevo León, Puebla, and Tlaxcala (Dávila et al. 2018<ref name="B9">{{aut|Dávila P}}, {{aut|Mejía-Saulés M}}, {{aut|Soriano-Martínez A}}, {{aut|Herrera-Arrieta Y}} (2018) Conocimiento taxonómico de la familia {{Taxon name|Poaceae}} en México.Botanical Sciences96(3): 462–514. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1894</ref >; Sánchez-Ken 2019<ref name="B61">{{aut|Sánchez-Ken J}} (2019) Riqueza de especies, clasificación y listado de las gramíneas ({{Taxon name|Poaceae}}) de México. Acta Botánica Mexicana 126: e1379. https://doi.org/10.21829/abm126.2019.1379</ref >), but no specimens from these states have been seen. This taxon has been collected on stream edges and open areas of pine forests, between 1800–2100 m a.s.l. (Fig. 27C). There are more records of this species in the study zone, on databases (GBIF 2023d<ref name="B20">GBIF (2023d) ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis stolonifera}}'' L. https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.qez3gb [Accesed 29.7.2023]</ref >), but not all of them have images, and thus we were unable to confirm their identity.
 +
 
 +
==Phenology==
 +
Specimens with spikelets have been collected from June to August (Fig. 28C).
 +
 
 +
==Commentaries==
 +
''{{Taxon name|Agrostis stolonifera}}'' is often confused with ''{{Taxon name|A. gigantea}}'' (see the note under the description of that species). This is a variable species and several infraspecific taxa have been recognized (e.g., Pohl and Davidse 1994<ref name="B49">{{aut|Pohl R}}, {{aut|Davidse G}} (1994) ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis}}''. In: Davidse G Sousa Sánchez M Chatter A (Eds) Flora Mesoamericana (Vol.6) Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, 237–240. [http://legacy.tropicos.org/NamePage.aspx?nameId=40034657&projectId=3 http://legacy.tropicos.org/NamePage.aspx?nameId=40034657&projectId=3]</ref >; Rúgolo and Molina 1997<ref name="B57">{{aut|Rúgolo Z}}, {{aut|Molina A}} (1997) Las especies del género ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis}}'' L. ({{Taxon name|Gramineae}}: {{Taxon name|Agrostideae}}) de Chile. Gayana.Botánica54: 91–156. [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91363 http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91363]</ref >). The plants from the study zone fit well in {{Taxon name|A. stolonifera var. palustris}}, which is distinguished from the typical variety in the more contracted panicles, up to 3 cm wide, and smaller spikelets of 1.6–2 mm long (vs. more open panicles, up to 6 cm wide, spikelets 2–2.5 mm long in the typical variety). The width of the panicles could be related to the age of the panicles, since they become contracted after anthesis, and thus varieties are not recognized here.<br />
 +
This taxon is also confused with ''{{Taxon name|Polypogon viridis}}'' (Gouan) Breistr., from which it is distinguished in the spikelets disarticulating above the glumes (vs. disarticulation below the glumes, with a pedicel fragment in ''{{Taxon name|P. viridis}}'').
 +
 
 +
==Conservation status==
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Since ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis stolonifera}}'' is an introduced taxon in the study zone, its conservation status is considered as Least Concern (LC).
 +
 
 +
==Specimens examined==
 +
'''Mexico. Baja California: Municipio Ensenada''', Sierra San Pedro Mártir, La Grulla, <nowiki>[</nowiki>[http://ptp.pensoft.eu/redirect_to_googlemap.php?labels%5B0%5D=30.88916%C2%B0N%2C+115.46223%C2%B0W&coordinates%5B0%5D=30.88916%C2%B0N%2C+115.46223%C2%B0W 30.88916°N, 115.46223°W]<nowiki>]</nowiki>, 2100 m alt., 21 Aug 1967, R. Moran and R.F. Thorne 14466 (SD). '''Veracruz: Municipio Tatatila''', camino Las Vigas–Tatatila, 1 km antes de La Mancuerna, [http://ptp.pensoft.eu/redirect_to_googlemap.php?labels%5B0%5D=19.675%C2%B0N%2C+97.125%C2%B0W&coordinates%5B0%5D=19.675%C2%B0N%2C+97.125%C2%B0W 19.675°N, 97.125°W], 1800 m alt., 7 Jun 1996, H.R. Sandoval and B.V. Hernández 370 (CIB), 380 (CIB, MEXU <nowiki>[</nowiki>*, **<nowiki>]</nowiki>, XAL).
  
 
==Taxon Treatment==
 
==Taxon Treatment==
−
*{{aut|Sylvester, S}}; {{aut|Cuta-Alarcon, L}}; {{aut|Bravo-Pedraza, W}}; {{aut|Soreng, R}}; 2020: ''Agrostis'' and ''Podagrostis'' (Agrostidinae, Poaceae) from páramos of Boyacá, Colombia: synoptic taxonomy including a key to Colombian species [https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/ ''PhytoKeys'',] '''151''': 107-160. {{doi|10.3897/phytokeys.151.50538}}
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*{{aut|Vigosa-Mercado, J}}; {{aut|Delgado-Salinas, A}}; {{aut|Alvarado Cárdenas, L}}; {{aut|Eguiarte, L}}; 2023: Revision of the genus ''Agrostis'' (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico [https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/ ''PhytoKeys'',] '''230''': 157-256. {{doi|10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878}}
  
 
==Images==
 
==Images==
 
{{Gallery | lines=5 | width=250
 
{{Gallery | lines=5 | width=250
−
|1= File:phytokeys-151-107-g009.jpg|2= '''Figure 9.''' ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis stolonifera}}'''''A''' whole plant '''B''' inflorescence, close-up '''C''' spikelet, close-up, lateral view. Image '''A''' Cuatrecasas 452 (US1772826) '''B''' García-Barriga 6 (US2115003).
+
|1= File:phytokeys-230-157_article-105878__-g004.jpg|2= '''Figure 4.''' Florets of ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis}}'' species observed with SEM '''A'''''{{Taxon name|A. bourgaei}}'''''B'''''{{Taxon name|A. calderoniae}}'''''C'''''{{Taxon name|A. capillaris}}'''''D'''''{{Taxon name|A. elliottiana}}'''''E'''''{{Taxon name|A. exarata}}'''''F'''''{{Taxon name|A. ghiesbreghtii}}'''''G'''''{{Taxon name|A. gigantea}}'''''H'''''{{Taxon name|A. hyemalis}}'''''I'''''{{Taxon name|A. laxissima}}'''''J'''''{{Taxon name|A. microphylla}}'''''K'''''{{Taxon name|A. pallens}}'''''L'''''{{Taxon name|A. perennans}}'''''M'''''{{Taxon name|A. scabra}}'''''N'''''{{Taxon name|A. stolonifera}}'''''O'''''{{Taxon name|A. subpatens}}'''''P'''''{{Taxon name|A. subrepens}}'''''Q'''''{{Taxon name|A. tolucensis}}'''''R'''''{{Taxon name|A. turrialbae}}'''''S'''''{{Taxon name|A. variabilis}}''. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.
 +
|3= File:phytokeys-230-157_article-105878__-g026.jpg|4= '''Figure 26.''' Map of known geographic distribution of ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis}}'' species, based on herbarium specimen data '''A'''''{{Taxon name|A. perennans}}'''''B'''''{{Taxon name|A. scabra}}'''''C'''''{{Taxon name|A. stolonifera}}'''''D'''''{{Taxon name|A. subpatens}}'''''E'''''{{Taxon name|A. subrepens}}'''''F'''''{{Taxon name|A. tolucensis}}''.
 +
|5= File:phytokeys-230-157_article-105878__-g027.jpg|6= '''Figure 27.''' Elevation histograms of ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis}}'' species '''A'''''{{Taxon name|A. perennans}}'''''B'''''{{Taxon name|A. scabra}}'''''C'''''{{Taxon name|A. stolonifera}}'''''D'''''{{Taxon name|A. subpatens}}'''''E'''''{{Taxon name|A. subrepens}}'''''F'''''{{Taxon name|A. tolucensis}}'''''G'''''{{Taxon name|A. turrialbae}}'''''H'''''{{Taxon name|A. variabilis}}''.
 +
|7= File:phytokeys-230-157_article-105878__-g028.jpg|8= '''Figure 28.''' Phenology histograms of ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis}}'' species '''A'''''{{Taxon name|A. perennans}}'''''B'''''{{Taxon name|A. scabra}}'''''C'''''{{Taxon name|A. stolonifera}}'''''D'''''{{Taxon name|A. subpatens}}'''''E'''''{{Taxon name|A. subrepens}}'''''F'''''{{Taxon name|A. tolucensis}}'''''G'''''{{Taxon name|A. turrialbae}}'''''H'''''{{Taxon name|A. variabilis}}''.
 +
|9= File:phytokeys-230-157_article-105878__-g030.jpg|10= '''Figure 30.''' Calluses of ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis}}'' species observed with SEM '''A'''''{{Taxon name|A. scabra}}'''''B'''''{{Taxon name|A. stolonifera}}'''''C'''''{{Taxon name|A. subpatens}}'''''D'''''{{Taxon name|A. subrepens}}'''''E'''''{{Taxon name|A. tolucensis}}'''''F'''''{{Taxon name|A. turrialbae}}'''''G'''''{{Taxon name|A. variabilis}}''. Scale bars: 50 μm.
 +
|11= File:phytokeys-230-157_article-105878__-g031.jpg|12= '''Figure 31.''' Leaf blade anatomy in transversal section of ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis}}'' species, in general view, and details of lateral bundles. '''A'''–'''C'''''{{Taxon name|A. scabra}}'''''D'''–'''E'''''{{Taxon name|A. stolonifera}}'''''F'''–'''G'''''{{Taxon name|A. subpatens}}'''''H'''–'''I'''''{{Taxon name|A. subrepens}}''. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
 +
|13= File:phytokeys-230-157_article-105878__-g032.jpg|14= '''Figure 32.''' Lemma surface of ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis}}'' observed with SEM '''A'''''{{Taxon name|A. scabra}}'''''B'''''{{Taxon name|A. stolonifera}}'''''C'''''{{Taxon name|A. subpatens}}'''''D'''''{{Taxon name|A. subrepens}}'''''E'''''{{Taxon name|A. tolucensis}}'''''F'''''{{Taxon name|A. turrialbae}}'''''G'''''{{Taxon name|A. variabilis}}''. Scale bars:15 μm.
 +
|15= File:phytokeys-230-157_article-105878__-g033.jpg|16= '''Figure 33.''' ''{{Taxon name|Agrostis stolonifera}}'''''A''' whole plant '''B''' ligular area '''C''' spikelet '''D''' floret, abaxial view, '''E''' floret, lateral view showing the lemma and the palea '''F''' palea. Based on Sandoval and Hernández 380 (CIB). Scale bars: 3 cm ('''A'''); 1 mm ('''B'''); 0.5 mm ('''C'''); 0.3 mm ('''D, E'''); 0.2 mm ('''F''').
 
}}
 
}}
  

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Vigosa-Mercado J, Delgado-Salinas A, Alvarado Cárdenas L, Eguiarte L (2023) Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico. PhytoKeys 230 : 157–256, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2023-08-11, version 197565, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Agrostis_stolonifera&oldid=197565 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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BibTeX:

@article{Vigosa-Mercado2023PhytoKeys230,
author = {Vigosa-Mercado, J. Luis AND Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso AND Alvarado Cárdenas, Leonardo O. AND Eguiarte, Luis E.},
journal = {PhytoKeys},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico},
year = {2023},
volume = {230},
issue = {},
pages = {157--256},
doi = {10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878},
url = {https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=105878},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2023-08-11, version 197565, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Agrostis_stolonifera&oldid=197565 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

RIS/ Endnote:

TY - JOUR
T1 - Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico
A1 - Vigosa-Mercado J
A1 - Delgado-Salinas A
A1 - Alvarado Cárdenas L
A1 - Eguiarte L
Y1 - 2023
JF - PhytoKeys
JA -
VL - 230
IS -
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
SP - 157
EP - 256
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2023-08-11, version 197565, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Agrostis_stolonifera&oldid=197565 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

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| author = Vigosa-Mercado J, Delgado-Salinas A, Alvarado Cárdenas L, Eguiarte L
| title = Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico
| journal = PhytoKeys
| year = 2023
| volume = 230
| issue =
| pages = 157--256
| pmid =
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/phytokeys.230.105878
| url = https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=105878
| pmc =
| accessdate = 2024-12-13

}} Versioned wiki page: 2023-08-11, version 197565, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Agrostis_stolonifera&oldid=197565 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Poales
Familia: Poaceae
Genus: Agrostis

Name

Agrostis stolonifera L., Sp. Pl. 1: 62. 1753. – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

Type

Herb. A. van Royen s.n. (lectotype, designated by Widén (1971[1]: 77): L (L0059234 [image!])).

Description

Plants perennial, stoloniferous. Tillers extravaginal, with cataphylls. Stolons up to 1(–2) m long. Culms (8–)15–60 cm long, erect, decumbent at the base, nodes (2–)3–7, glabrous, lower nodes rooting, internodes glabrous. Leaves mostly cauline; sheaths 2.5–8 cm long, usually shorter than the internodes, glabrous or scaberulous; ligules 1–7 mm long, longer than wide, dorsally scaberulous, apices rounded to truncate, erose to lacerate; blades (1–)2–10 cm long, (1–)2–6 mm wide, linear, flat, becoming convolute when dry scaberulous on both surfaces. Panicles (3–)4–20 cm long, 0.5–3 cm wide, open at anthesis, becoming contracted, dense, lanceolate, sometimes spiciform; branches appressed to ascending, branching from below mid-length, scaberulous, inferior branches 2–6 cm long, lateral branches often with spikelets near their base; pedicels 0.5–3.3 mm long, appressed to ascending, scaberulous. Spikelets 1.6–2 (–3) mm long, greenish, often tinged with purple; glumes subequal to unequal, lanceolate, apices acute to shortly acuminate, 1-veined, scaberulous on the keel, lower glume 1.6–2 (–3) mm long, upper glume 1.4–2(1.6–2 (–3) mm long; callus puberulous, with 2 bunches of short trichomes, sometimes inconspicuous; lemmas 1.4–2 mm long, elliptic to oblong, apices entire, acute to obtuse, sometimes toothed, 3(5)-veined, veins inconspicuous or prominent distally, unawned, rarely awned from above mid-length, awn up to 1.5 mm long, inserted 0.8–1.5 mm above the base, straight or weakly geniculate; paleas present, 0.7–1.4 mm long, 2-veined, glabrous; anthers 3, 0.9–1.5 mm long. Caryopsis 0.9–1.3, elliptic; endosperm solid. 2n= 28, 35, 42 (Harvey 2007[2]).

Anatomy and micromorphology

Leaf blades flat to convolute in transversal section; adaxial furrows medium-sized to deep, wide; adaxial ribs rounded; keel absent; first order bundles circular to slightly elliptical in outline, sheath interrupted adaxially and abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in girders, narrowing towards the bundle; second order bundles circular in outline, sheath interrupted abaxially, abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma in strands; intercostal sclerenchyma absent; leaf margins with well-developed sclerenchyma caps, rounded; colorless cells absent (Fig. 31D, E). Lemmas without transversal thickenings, prickle hairs abundant to scarce (Fig. 32B).

Distribution and habitat

Introduced. Agrostis stolonifera is native to Eurasia and northern North America (Harvey 2007[2]). In the study zone, this taxon has been collected from the Mexican states of Baja California and Veracruz (Fig. 26C). Agrostis has also been reported from the southern United States and Mexico City, also from the states of Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Nuevo León, Puebla, and Tlaxcala (Dávila et al. 2018[3]; Sánchez-Ken 2019[4]), but no specimens from these states have been seen. This taxon has been collected on stream edges and open areas of pine forests, between 1800–2100 m a.s.l. (Fig. 27C). There are more records of this species in the study zone, on databases (GBIF 2023d[5]), but not all of them have images, and thus we were unable to confirm their identity.

Phenology

Specimens with spikelets have been collected from June to August (Fig. 28C).

Commentaries

Agrostis stolonifera is often confused with A. gigantea (see the note under the description of that species). This is a variable species and several infraspecific taxa have been recognized (e.g., Pohl and Davidse 1994[6]; Rúgolo and Molina 1997[7]). The plants from the study zone fit well in A. stolonifera var. palustris, which is distinguished from the typical variety in the more contracted panicles, up to 3 cm wide, and smaller spikelets of 1.6–2 mm long (vs. more open panicles, up to 6 cm wide, spikelets 2–2.5 mm long in the typical variety). The width of the panicles could be related to the age of the panicles, since they become contracted after anthesis, and thus varieties are not recognized here.
This taxon is also confused with Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr., from which it is distinguished in the spikelets disarticulating above the glumes (vs. disarticulation below the glumes, with a pedicel fragment in P. viridis).

Conservation status

Since Agrostis stolonifera is an introduced taxon in the study zone, its conservation status is considered as Least Concern (LC).

Specimens examined

Mexico. Baja California: Municipio Ensenada, Sierra San Pedro Mártir, La Grulla, [30.88916°N, 115.46223°W], 2100 m alt., 21 Aug 1967, R. Moran and R.F. Thorne 14466 (SD). Veracruz: Municipio Tatatila, camino Las Vigas–Tatatila, 1 km antes de La Mancuerna, 19.675°N, 97.125°W, 1800 m alt., 7 Jun 1996, H.R. Sandoval and B.V. Hernández 370 (CIB), 380 (CIB, MEXU [*, **], XAL).

Taxon Treatment

  • Vigosa-Mercado, J; Delgado-Salinas, A; Alvarado Cárdenas, L; Eguiarte, L; 2023: Revision of the genus Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) in Megamexico PhytoKeys, 230: 157-256. doi

Images

Figure 4. Florets of Agrostis species observed with SEM AA. bourgaeiBA. calderoniaeCA. capillarisDA. elliottianaEA. exarataFA. ghiesbreghtiiGA. giganteaHA. hyemalisIA. laxissimaJA. microphyllaKA. pallensLA. perennansMA. scabraNA. stoloniferaOA. subpatensPA. subrepensQA. tolucensisRA. turrialbaeSA. variabilis. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.
Figure 26. Map of known geographic distribution of Agrostis species, based on herbarium specimen data AA. perennansBA. scabraCA. stoloniferaDA. subpatensEA. subrepensFA. tolucensis.
Figure 26. Map of known geographic distribution of Agrostis species, based on herbarium specimen data AA. perennansBA. scabraCA. stoloniferaDA. subpatensEA. subrepensFA. tolucensis. 
Figure 27. Elevation histograms of Agrostis species AA. perennansBA. scabraCA. stoloniferaDA. subpatensEA. subrepensFA. tolucensisGA. turrialbaeHA. variabilis.
Figure 28. Phenology histograms of Agrostis species AA. perennansBA. scabraCA. stoloniferaDA. subpatensEA. subrepensFA. tolucensisGA. turrialbaeHA. variabilis.
Figure 30. Calluses of Agrostis species observed with SEM AA. scabraBA. stoloniferaCA. subpatensDA. subrepensEA. tolucensisFA. turrialbaeGA. variabilis. Scale bars: 50 μm.
Figure 30. Calluses of Agrostis species observed with SEM AA. scabraBA. stoloniferaCA. subpatensDA. subrepensEA. tolucensisFA. turrialbaeGA. variabilis. Scale bars: 50 μm. 
Figure 31. Leaf blade anatomy in transversal section of Agrostis species, in general view, and details of lateral bundles. A–CA. scabraD–EA. stoloniferaF–GA. subpatensH–IA. subrepens. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figure 31. Leaf blade anatomy in transversal section of Agrostis species, in general view, and details of lateral bundles. A–CA. scabraD–EA. stoloniferaF–GA. subpatensH–IA. subrepens. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. 
Figure 32. Lemma surface of Agrostis observed with SEM AA. scabraBA. stoloniferaCA. subpatensDA. subrepensEA. tolucensisFA. turrialbaeGA. variabilis. Scale bars:15 μm.
Figure 32. Lemma surface of Agrostis observed with SEM AA. scabraBA. stoloniferaCA. subpatensDA. subrepensEA. tolucensisFA. turrialbaeGA. variabilis. Scale bars:15 μm. 
Figure 33. Agrostis stoloniferaA whole plant B ligular area C spikelet D floret, abaxial view, E floret, lateral view showing the lemma and the palea F palea. Based on Sandoval and Hernández 380 (CIB). Scale bars: 3 cm (A); 1 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C); 0.3 mm (D, E); 0.2 mm (F).
Figure 33. Agrostis stoloniferaA whole plant B ligular area C spikelet D floret, abaxial view, E floret, lateral view showing the lemma and the palea F palea. Based on Sandoval and Hernández 380 (CIB). Scale bars: 3 cm (A); 1 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C); 0.3 mm (D, E); 0.2 mm (F). 

Other References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Widén K (1971) The genus Agrostis L. in eastern Fennoscandia. Taxonomy and distribution.Flora Fennica5: 1–209. http://hdl.handle.net/10138/36219
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Harvey M (2007) Agrostis. In: Barkworth M Capels K Long S Anderton L Piep M (Eds) Flora of North America North of Mexico (Vol.24) Oxford University Press, New York, 633–662. http://floranorthamerica.org/Agrostis
  3. ↑ Dávila P, Mejía-Saulés M, Soriano-Martínez A, Herrera-Arrieta Y (2018) Conocimiento taxonómico de la familia Poaceae en México.Botanical Sciences96(3): 462–514. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1894
  4. ↑ Sánchez-Ken J (2019) Riqueza de especies, clasificación y listado de las gramíneas (Poaceae) de México. Acta Botánica Mexicana 126: e1379. https://doi.org/10.21829/abm126.2019.1379
  5. ↑ GBIF (2023d) Agrostis stolonifera L. https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.qez3gb [Accesed 29.7.2023]
  6. ↑ Pohl R, Davidse G (1994) Agrostis. In: Davidse G Sousa Sánchez M Chatter A (Eds) Flora Mesoamericana (Vol.6) Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, 237–240. http://legacy.tropicos.org/NamePage.aspx?nameId=40034657&projectId=3
  7. ↑ Rúgolo Z, Molina A (1997) Las especies del género Agrostis L. (Gramineae: Agrostideae) de Chile. Gayana.Botánica54: 91–156. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91363
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