Difference between revisions of "Neozygoneura virgatoalata"
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{{Treatment start | {{Treatment start | ||
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| Ordo = Diptera | | Ordo = Diptera | ||
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| Familia = Sciaridae | | Familia = Sciaridae | ||
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| Genus = Neozygoneura | | Genus = Neozygoneura | ||
| − | + | | Specific name = virgatoalata | |
| − | | Specific name = virgatoalata | + | |
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| Infraspecific name = | | Infraspecific name = | ||
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| Taxon rank = species | | Taxon rank = species | ||
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| Taxon authority = (Mohrig, 2003) | | Taxon authority = (Mohrig, 2003) | ||
| − | + | | Taxon status = | |
| − | | Taxon status = | + | |
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| Nomenclature citation = {{Nomenclature citation |''Leptosciarella (Protosciarella) virgatoalata'' {{aut|Mohrig, 2003}}<ref name="SC332">{{aut|Mohrig, W.}} 2003: Black fungus gnats of Central America. Part I. (Diptera, Sciaridae). ''Beiträge zur Entomologie'', '''53'''(1), 1–69.</ref>: 8-9; fig. 4 a-e}} | | Nomenclature citation = {{Nomenclature citation |''Leptosciarella (Protosciarella) virgatoalata'' {{aut|Mohrig, 2003}}<ref name="SC332">{{aut|Mohrig, W.}} 2003: Black fungus gnats of Central America. Part I. (Diptera, Sciaridae). ''Beiträge zur Entomologie'', '''53'''(1), 1–69.</ref>: 8-9; fig. 4 a-e}} | ||
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| Wikispecies page name = Leptosciarella_virgatoalata | | Wikispecies page name = Leptosciarella_virgatoalata | ||
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| ZooBank ID = urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DE558E63-C733-452B-9BA5-0B2844CBA37D | | ZooBank ID = urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DE558E63-C733-452B-9BA5-0B2844CBA37D | ||
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}} | }} | ||
==Type material== | ==Type material== | ||
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Holotype: ♂, in PWMP, Malaise trap, leg. Gould & Janzen, 26-27.09.1986 | Holotype: ♂, in PWMP, Malaise trap, leg. Gould & Janzen, 26-27.09.1986 | ||
===Type locality=== | ===Type locality=== | ||
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Costa Rica, Guanacaste Province, Santa Rosa National Park, 10.95°N, 85.62°W | Costa Rica, Guanacaste Province, Santa Rosa National Park, 10.95°N, 85.62°W | ||
==Material studied== | ==Material studied== | ||
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'''Costa Rica:''' 1 paratype ♂, from locus typicus, same data as holotype, PKHH 8216. | '''Costa Rica:''' 1 paratype ♂, from locus typicus, same data as holotype, PKHH 8216. | ||
==Description (male)== | ==Description (male)== | ||
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'''Head'''. Eye bridge 5 rows of facets. LW-index of 4<sup>th</sup> antennal flagellar segment 3.6–4.3; neck 0.26–0.36 of segment width; Transition of basal part to neck bottle-neck like. Colour of neck unicolour. Antennal hairs longer than segment width; sparse; salient. Palps bright, or darkened; normal; palpomeres 3. First palpomere of normal shape; with 3–4 bristles; with only some sparse sensillae. Second palpomere shortly oval. Third palpomere as long as first segment. '''Thorax'''. Colour brown. Notum unicolorous. Thoracic setae normal; darkened. Mesonotum with some weaker central bristles. Posterior pronotum bare. Laterotergite bare. ''Legs''. Colour yellow. Hind coxae of same colour as femora. Hairs on fore coxae darkened, or bright. Front tibia apically with a patch of setae. Front tibial organ bright. Front tibial organ not bordered. Tibial setae on hind legs normal, shorter than tibial width, or very strong, as long or longer longer than tibial width. Tibial spurs of equal length. Claws untoothed. ''Wings''. Wings bicolour; reduced, with weakly developed anal lobe. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. Wing venation weak, with faint m-base. M-fork bulged. R<sub>1</sub> inserting clearly before base of m-fork; posterior veins bare; bM bare; r-m bare; bM:r-M 1.22–1.33; st-Cu:bM 1.05–1.4; r<sub>1</sub>:r 0.6–0.74; C:w 0.5–0.62. Halteres dark; of normal length. '''Abdomen'''. Abdominal setae strong and dense; dorsally dark; ventrally dark. Hypopygium brighter than abdomen, or bicolour; 0.6–0.72 × longer than wide. Base of gonocoxites with normal, weak hairs; gonocoxites fused; inner margin of gonocoxites V-shaped; inner part of hypopygium bare; elongated setae on valves of hypopygium absent. Gonostylus elongate; 3.2–3.8 × longer than wide; Inner margin straight; apex tapered. Apical tooth present; 2.4–2.7 × longer than broad; strong. Awl-like setae short, or absent; below apex present. Megasetae on inner part of gonostylus absent. Whiplash-hair absent. Tegmen 0.95–1.2 × longer than broad; equally rounded; normal; Central process absent. Length of aedeagus/hypopygium 60–75 %; Aeadeagal apical structure present. '''Measurements'''. Body size 2.2–2.7 mm. Hind tibia 1.07–1.3 mm. Wing length 2–2.35 mm. | '''Head'''. Eye bridge 5 rows of facets. LW-index of 4<sup>th</sup> antennal flagellar segment 3.6–4.3; neck 0.26–0.36 of segment width; Transition of basal part to neck bottle-neck like. Colour of neck unicolour. Antennal hairs longer than segment width; sparse; salient. Palps bright, or darkened; normal; palpomeres 3. First palpomere of normal shape; with 3–4 bristles; with only some sparse sensillae. Second palpomere shortly oval. Third palpomere as long as first segment. '''Thorax'''. Colour brown. Notum unicolorous. Thoracic setae normal; darkened. Mesonotum with some weaker central bristles. Posterior pronotum bare. Laterotergite bare. ''Legs''. Colour yellow. Hind coxae of same colour as femora. Hairs on fore coxae darkened, or bright. Front tibia apically with a patch of setae. Front tibial organ bright. Front tibial organ not bordered. Tibial setae on hind legs normal, shorter than tibial width, or very strong, as long or longer longer than tibial width. Tibial spurs of equal length. Claws untoothed. ''Wings''. Wings bicolour; reduced, with weakly developed anal lobe. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. Wing venation weak, with faint m-base. M-fork bulged. R<sub>1</sub> inserting clearly before base of m-fork; posterior veins bare; bM bare; r-m bare; bM:r-M 1.22–1.33; st-Cu:bM 1.05–1.4; r<sub>1</sub>:r 0.6–0.74; C:w 0.5–0.62. Halteres dark; of normal length. '''Abdomen'''. Abdominal setae strong and dense; dorsally dark; ventrally dark. Hypopygium brighter than abdomen, or bicolour; 0.6–0.72 × longer than wide. Base of gonocoxites with normal, weak hairs; gonocoxites fused; inner margin of gonocoxites V-shaped; inner part of hypopygium bare; elongated setae on valves of hypopygium absent. Gonostylus elongate; 3.2–3.8 × longer than wide; Inner margin straight; apex tapered. Apical tooth present; 2.4–2.7 × longer than broad; strong. Awl-like setae short, or absent; below apex present. Megasetae on inner part of gonostylus absent. Whiplash-hair absent. Tegmen 0.95–1.2 × longer than broad; equally rounded; normal; Central process absent. Length of aedeagus/hypopygium 60–75 %; Aeadeagal apical structure present. '''Measurements'''. Body size 2.2–2.7 mm. Hind tibia 1.07–1.3 mm. Wing length 2–2.35 mm. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
| + | '' Neozygoneura virgatoalata'' is the type species of ''[[Protosciarella]]''. It differs from the other described species of the genus by the very strong apical tooth at the gonostyles and the patterned wings with a bulged m-fork. | ||
| − | + | ===DNA Barcoding=== | |
| + | COI sequences are assigned to the following BINs: | ||
| + | *{{BIN|ACE8074}} (average distance 0.31%, max. 1.29%, n=112, K2P: 2.78%) | ||
| + | *{{BIN|ACD6061}} (average distance 0.00%, max. 0.00%, n=2, K2P: 2.78%), | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
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virgatus ''lat.'' = braided; alatus ''lat.'' = winged. No explanation given. | virgatus ''lat.'' = braided; alatus ''lat.'' = winged. No explanation given. | ||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
| − | + | ''Neozygoneura virgatoalata'' was found in large number in a dry tropical forest. It seems to be a common species. | |
| − | '' | + | |
==Discussion== | ==Discussion== | ||
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It is probable, that the type species of ''Neozygoneura'', ''Ne. fasciatella'' is identical with ''Ne. virgatoalata''. However, as the type material of ''Ne. fasciatella'' could not be studied and the diversity of this Neotropical genus is not yet known, the synonymy is not established now. In that case ''Neozygoneura fasciatella'' {{aut|Lengersdorf}}, 1942 would be the valid name for this species. | It is probable, that the type species of ''Neozygoneura'', ''Ne. fasciatella'' is identical with ''Ne. virgatoalata''. However, as the type material of ''Ne. fasciatella'' could not be studied and the diversity of this Neotropical genus is not yet known, the synonymy is not established now. In that case ''Neozygoneura fasciatella'' {{aut|Lengersdorf}}, 1942 would be the valid name for this species. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
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Costa Rica<ref name="SC332" />. | Costa Rica<ref name="SC332" />. | ||
==Images== | ==Images== | ||
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{{Gallery | lines=3 | width=300 | {{Gallery | lines=3 | width=300 | ||
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|1= File:Leptosciarella virgatoalata Habitus KH8216.jpg|2= '''Figure 1.''' ''{{Taxon name|Leptosciarella virgatoalata}}'' male, habitus, scale 1 mm | |1= File:Leptosciarella virgatoalata Habitus KH8216.jpg|2= '''Figure 1.''' ''{{Taxon name|Leptosciarella virgatoalata}}'' male, habitus, scale 1 mm | ||
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|3= File:Leptosciarella virgatoalata Hypopygium KH8216.jpg|4= '''Figure 2.''' ''{{Taxon name|Leptosciarella virgatoalata}}'' male, hypopygium, scale 0.1 mm | |3= File:Leptosciarella virgatoalata Hypopygium KH8216.jpg|4= '''Figure 2.''' ''{{Taxon name|Leptosciarella virgatoalata}}'' male, hypopygium, scale 0.1 mm | ||
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|5= File:Leptosciarella virgatoalata Gonostylus KH8216.jpg|6= '''Figure 3.''' ''{{Taxon name|Leptosciarella virgatoalata}}'' male, gonostylus (ventral view), scale 0.1 mm | |5= File:Leptosciarella virgatoalata Gonostylus KH8216.jpg|6= '''Figure 3.''' ''{{Taxon name|Leptosciarella virgatoalata}}'' male, gonostylus (ventral view), scale 0.1 mm | ||
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|7= File:Leptosciarella virgatoalata Gonostylus dorsal KH8216.jpg|8= '''Figure 4.''' ''{{Taxon name|Leptosciarella virgatoalata}}'' male, gonostylus (dorsal view), scale 0.1 mm | |7= File:Leptosciarella virgatoalata Gonostylus dorsal KH8216.jpg|8= '''Figure 4.''' ''{{Taxon name|Leptosciarella virgatoalata}}'' male, gonostylus (dorsal view), scale 0.1 mm | ||
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|9= File:Leptosciarella virgatoalata Tegmen KH8216.jpg|10= '''Figure 5.''' ''{{Taxon name|Leptosciarella virgatoalata}}'' male, aedeagal complex, scale 0.1 mm | |9= File:Leptosciarella virgatoalata Tegmen KH8216.jpg|10= '''Figure 5.''' ''{{Taxon name|Leptosciarella virgatoalata}}'' male, aedeagal complex, scale 0.1 mm | ||
| − | + | |11= File:Leptosciarella virgatoalata Antenna KH8216.jpg|12= '''Figure 6.''' ''{{Taxon name|Leptosciarella virgatoalata}}'' male, 4<sup>th</sup> antennal flagellar segment, scale 0.1 mm | |
| − | |11= File:Leptosciarella virgatoalata Antenna KH8216.jpg|12= '''Figure 6.''' ''{{Taxon name|Leptosciarella virgatoalata}}'' male, 4<sup>th</sup> | + | |
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|13= File:Leptosciarella virgatoalata Palpus KH8216.jpg|14= '''Figure 7.''' ''{{Taxon name|Leptosciarella virgatoalata}}'' male, palpus, scale 0.1 mm | |13= File:Leptosciarella virgatoalata Palpus KH8216.jpg|14= '''Figure 7.''' ''{{Taxon name|Leptosciarella virgatoalata}}'' male, palpus, scale 0.1 mm | ||
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|15= File:Leptosciarella virgatoalata Tibia KH8216.jpg|16= '''Figure 8.''' ''{{Taxon name|Leptosciarella virgatoalata}}'' male, apex of front tibia, scale 0.1 mm | |15= File:Leptosciarella virgatoalata Tibia KH8216.jpg|16= '''Figure 8.''' ''{{Taxon name|Leptosciarella virgatoalata}}'' male, apex of front tibia, scale 0.1 mm | ||
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|17= File:Leptosciarella virgatoalata Wing KH8216.jpg|18= '''Figure 9.''' ''{{Taxon name|Leptosciarella virgatoalata}}'' male, wing, scale 1 mm | |17= File:Leptosciarella virgatoalata Wing KH8216.jpg|18= '''Figure 9.''' ''{{Taxon name|Leptosciarella virgatoalata}}'' male, wing, scale 1 mm | ||
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}} | }} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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<references /> | <references /> | ||
Latest revision as of 19:13, 1 January 2021
Ordo: Diptera
Familia: Sciaridae
Genus: Neozygoneura
Name
Neozygoneura virgatoalata (Mohrig, 2003) – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link
- Leptosciarella (Protosciarella) virgatoalata Mohrig, 2003[1]: 8-9; fig. 4 a-e
Type material
Holotype: ♂, in PWMP, Malaise trap, leg. Gould & Janzen, 26-27.09.1986
Type locality
Costa Rica, Guanacaste Province, Santa Rosa National Park, 10.95°N, 85.62°W
Material studied
Costa Rica: 1 paratype ♂, from locus typicus, same data as holotype, PKHH 8216.
Description (male)
Head. Eye bridge 5 rows of facets. LW-index of 4th antennal flagellar segment 3.6–4.3; neck 0.26–0.36 of segment width; Transition of basal part to neck bottle-neck like. Colour of neck unicolour. Antennal hairs longer than segment width; sparse; salient. Palps bright, or darkened; normal; palpomeres 3. First palpomere of normal shape; with 3–4 bristles; with only some sparse sensillae. Second palpomere shortly oval. Third palpomere as long as first segment. Thorax. Colour brown. Notum unicolorous. Thoracic setae normal; darkened. Mesonotum with some weaker central bristles. Posterior pronotum bare. Laterotergite bare. Legs. Colour yellow. Hind coxae of same colour as femora. Hairs on fore coxae darkened, or bright. Front tibia apically with a patch of setae. Front tibial organ bright. Front tibial organ not bordered. Tibial setae on hind legs normal, shorter than tibial width, or very strong, as long or longer longer than tibial width. Tibial spurs of equal length. Claws untoothed. Wings. Wings bicolour; reduced, with weakly developed anal lobe. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. Wing venation weak, with faint m-base. M-fork bulged. R1 inserting clearly before base of m-fork; posterior veins bare; bM bare; r-m bare; bM:r-M 1.22–1.33; st-Cu:bM 1.05–1.4; r1:r 0.6–0.74; C:w 0.5–0.62. Halteres dark; of normal length. Abdomen. Abdominal setae strong and dense; dorsally dark; ventrally dark. Hypopygium brighter than abdomen, or bicolour; 0.6–0.72 × longer than wide. Base of gonocoxites with normal, weak hairs; gonocoxites fused; inner margin of gonocoxites V-shaped; inner part of hypopygium bare; elongated setae on valves of hypopygium absent. Gonostylus elongate; 3.2–3.8 × longer than wide; Inner margin straight; apex tapered. Apical tooth present; 2.4–2.7 × longer than broad; strong. Awl-like setae short, or absent; below apex present. Megasetae on inner part of gonostylus absent. Whiplash-hair absent. Tegmen 0.95–1.2 × longer than broad; equally rounded; normal; Central process absent. Length of aedeagus/hypopygium 60–75 %; Aeadeagal apical structure present. Measurements. Body size 2.2–2.7 mm. Hind tibia 1.07–1.3 mm. Wing length 2–2.35 mm.
Diagnosis
Neozygoneura virgatoalata is the type species of Protosciarella. It differs from the other described species of the genus by the very strong apical tooth at the gonostyles and the patterned wings with a bulged m-fork.
DNA Barcoding
COI sequences are assigned to the following BINs:
- BOLD:ACE8074 (average distance 0.31%, max. 1.29%, n=112, K2P: 2.78%)
- BOLD:ACD6061 (average distance 0.00%, max. 0.00%, n=2, K2P: 2.78%),
Etymology
virgatus lat. = braided; alatus lat. = winged. No explanation given.
Ecology
Neozygoneura virgatoalata was found in large number in a dry tropical forest. It seems to be a common species.
Discussion
It is probable, that the type species of Neozygoneura, Ne. fasciatella is identical with Ne. virgatoalata. However, as the type material of Ne. fasciatella could not be studied and the diversity of this Neotropical genus is not yet known, the synonymy is not established now. In that case Neozygoneura fasciatella Lengersdorf, 1942 would be the valid name for this species.
Distribution
Costa Rica[1].
Images
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