Difference between revisions of "Trichosiopsis rejecta"

Latest revision as of 18:55, 1 January 2021

Taxonavigation

Ordo: Diptera
Familia: Sciaridae
Genus: Trichosiopsis

Name

Trichosiopsis rejecta (Winnertz, 1867) – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link

• Sciara rejecta Winnertz, 1867^[1]: 53
• Leptosciarella (Leptosciarella) rejecta (Winnertz, 1867)^[2]: 62, fig. 8 a-c

Type material

Lectotype: ♀, no. 3469 and 628 in SMFD designated by Menzel^[2]: 62

Type locality

Germany, Frankfurt/Main

Material studied

Denmark: 1 ♂, Sonderhav, old beech forest, sweep netting, Heller, 17.05.2007, PKHH 5554; Germany: 1 ♂, Baden-Württemberg, Grenzach-Wyhlen, Otto-Jäggi-Weg, Felsnase, Malaise trap, Doczkal, 24.4.-08.05.2011, PKHH 8174; 4 ♂, Bavaria, Schöngeising, Kellerbach, W. Schacht, 23.05.1992, ZSMC 174/177/179; 1 ♂, 31.05.1992, ZSMC 191; 1 ♂, 05.08.1992, ZSMC 172; 1 ♂ 1♀, Hesse, Nature Reserve Kühkopf-Knoblochsaue, Auenwald-Hochstaudenflur, photoeclector, Fritz, 18.05.1978, PWMP 1626; 1 ♂, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Greifswald, Innenstadtbereich, yellow pan trap, Mohrig, 14.-16.06.1994, PWMP 1639; 1 ♂, Neuer Friedhof, Malaise trap, Mohrig, 17.5.-01.06.1997, PWMP 1269; 1 ♂, Zirchow auf Usedom, Laubwald: Buche, Eiche, sweep netting, Jaschhof, 07.05.1994, PKHH 5370; 3 ♂ 2 ♀, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Köln-Poll, Garten, Malaise trap, Franzen, 14.-21.05.2002, PKHH 4261, ZSMC 2099-2102; 1 ♂, Saxony-Anhalt, Thale, Roßtrappe, Bodetal, Mischwald, sweep netting, Heller, 26.05.2006, PKHH 4754; 1 ♂ 1♀, Schleswig-Holstein, Flensburg, Marienhölzung, Wald, Malaise trap, Barkemeyer, 31.5.-07.06.1996, PKHH 2039; 2 ♂, 7.-14.06.1996, PKHH 2031; 1 ♂, Heikendorf-Korügen, Buchenwald, sweep netting, Heller, 08.05.2011, PKHH 7817; 1 ♂, 15.05.2005, PKHH 4351; 1 ♂, 20.05.2010, PKHH 7589; 3 ♂, Katharinenhof a. Fehmarn, Saumwald am Steilufer, Heller, 25.05.2003, PKHH 3987-3989; 1 ♂, Thuringia, Bleicherode, Bleichbach, Bellstedt, 18.05.1984, PWMP 1629; Hungary: 1 ♂, Heves, Szilvásvarad, Bükki Nemzeti Park, sweep netting, Rulik, 21.05.1998, PWMP 1638; Latvia: 1 ♂, Sigulda, Spungis, 28.05.1981, PWMP 4037; Sweden: 1 ♂, Härjedalen, Nyvallen, Nyvallens fäbod: alpine birch and spruce wood, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Projejt, 4.7.-04.08.2004, NHRS 4823; 3 ♂, Öland, Skogsby, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad) "diversitetsängen", meadow with bushes, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 20.5.-28.06.2006, NHRS 2356/2553/2640; 13 ♂, Östergötland, Omberg, Östergötlands län, Boskogsreservatet Omberg: beech forest, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 28.5.-05.07.2005, PKHH 6053, NHRS 1505-1514/1577/1578; 4 ♂, Skåne, Simrishamn, Stenshuvud National Park: Svabeholmsskog, hornbeam forest, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 22.5.-20.06.2005, PKHH 7228/7246/7252, NHRS 2974; 2 ♂, Skäralid, northern Lierna; Deschampsia flexuosa beech forest, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 10.-11.06.2004, PKHH 6809, NHRS 2930; 4 ♂, Småland, Gränna, Lönnemålen, next to old cellar; Norway spruce forest with big harvested ashes, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap, 10.-24.09.2003, NHRS 3167/3168/3183/4101; 1 ♂, Uppland, Lövstabruk, Malaise trap, Hippa & Gustavsson, 2.-04.06.1992, NHRS 592; 1 ♂, 9.-12.06.1992, NHRS 27; 3 ♂, 12.-15.06.1992, NHRS 149/154/155; 1 ♂, 19.-23.06.1992, NHRS 196; 1 ♂, Stockholm, Stockholm län, Djurgården Park, Malaise trap, Heinakroon, 13.6.-04.07.1994, NHRS 485; 38 ♂, 31.5.-13.06.1994, NHRS 596/604/608-610/619/624/629/630/634/640/645/646/657/672/675/682/687/695/700/701/706/715/714/860/862-865/884/885/891/897/898/899/913/917; 2 ♂, 4.-16.05.1994, NHRS 365/368; Turkey: 1 ♂, Turkey, Karacasu, Aydin, sweep netting, Koc, Karaman & Ozgü, 26.05.2004, PKHH 4329; 1 ♂, Sütcüler, Isparta, sweep netting, Koc, Karaman & Ozgü, 15.05.2004, PKHH 4327; Ukraine: 1 ♂, Kvasy, mixed forest, sweep netting, Mamaev, 07.06.1963, PWMP 1642; 1 ♂, 18.06.1963, PWMP 1641.

Description (male)

Head. Eye bridge 4–5 rows of facets. LW-index of 4^th antennal flagellar segment 1.9–2.5; neck 0.27–0.38 of segment width; Transition of basal part to neck pronounced. Colour of neck unicolour. Antennal hairs shorter than segment width; dense; salient. Palps darkened; long; palpomeres 3. First palpomere elongate; with 3–8 bristles; with only some sparse sensillae. Second palpomere elongate. Third palpomere as long as first segment. Thorax. Colour brown. Notum unicolorous. Thoracic setae normal; dark. Mesonotum with some weaker central bristles. Posterior pronotum bare, or setose. Postpronotal setae 0–3; fine. Laterotergite bare. Legs. Colour yellow. Hind coxae of same colour as femora, or darkened. Hairs on fore coxae darkened, or bright. Front tibia apically with a patch of setae. Front tibial organ dark. Front tibial organ not bordered. Tibial setae on hind legs normal, shorter than tibial width. Tibial spurs of equal length. Claws untoothed. Wings. Wings slightly darkened; of normal shape. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. Wing venation weak, with faint m-base. M-fork of normal shape. R₁ inserting at or slightly before base of m-fork; posterior veins with macrotrichia; stM mainly with macrotrichia; cuA₁ and cuA₂ mainly with macrotrichia; bM bare; r-m with a few setae, or mostly setose; bM:r-M 0.62–0.75; st-Cu:bM 0.17–0.3; r₁:r 1.5–2.3; C:w 0.65–0.75. Halteres dark; of normal length. Abdomen. Abdominal setae strong and dense; dorsally dark; ventrally dark. Hypopygium concolour with abdomen; 0.65–0.85 × longer than wide. Base of gonocoxites with strong setae; gonocoxites broadly separated; inner margin of gonocoxites normally U-shaped; inner part of hypopygium scarcely setose; elongated setae on valves of hypopygium absent. Gonostylus elongate; 2–2.2 × longer than wide; Inner margin straight; apex with one obtuse angle, or nearly rectangular. Apical tooth present; 1.9–2.4 × longer than broad; normal. Awl-like setae long, or normal; below apex present. Megasetae on inner part of gonostylus absent. Whiplash-hair absent. Tegmen 0.6–0.75 × longer than broad; rectangular with rounded edges; normal, or with dark and strengthended edges; Central process absent. Length of aedeagus/hypopygium 27–40 %; Aeadeagal apical structure present. Measurements. Body size 3.8–5 mm. Hind tibia 1.8–2.2 mm. Wing length 3.1–3.8 mm.

Diagnosis

Trichosiopsis rejecta is a large species. It is characterized by the shiningly yellow legs with bright, mostly white hairs on the fore coxae. The palpi are very long and the gonostyles are elongate with a distinct, slightly obtuse dorso-apical angle. The dorsal margin of the gonostyli is not as straight as in Trichosiopsis scutellata, which has nearly rectangular gonostyli.

DNA Barcoding

The COI sequence is assigned to BIN BOLD:ACK0157 (average distance 0.22%, max. 0.82%, n=24, K2P: 7.95%).

Discussion

This species was originally described from the female sex only, so that the correctness of the present species concept cannot be absolutely certain. The lectotype was studied again (Fig 1), and its interpretation of Mohrig & Menzel (1997: 62-65, Fig. 11) is followed, even though the legs are a bit darker than in most other specimens. Otherwise the studied material agrees with the figures in the redescription by Mohrig & Menzel. The species is deemed to be identical to Leptosciarella pilosa sensu Edwards (1925^[3]: 536, fig. 9), Frey (1948^[4]: 74, fig. 17) and Tuomikoski (1960^[5]: 22) [for more nomenclatural details see the discussion under Trichosiopsis pilosa]. All these authors point out the apparent variability and the species limits were never very clear cut. DNA barcoding showed up, that this species in the sense of Menzel & Mohrig (1997), is in fact a complex of fourteen species: Trichosiopsis andreae, Trichosiopsis orientis, Trichosiopsis cavernarum, Trichosiopsis coloniae, Trichosiopsis defecta, Trichosiopsis erinaceus, Trichosiopsis finjae, Trichosiopsis kleebergi, Trichosiopsis nova, Trichosiopsis paradisi, Trichosiopsis phoenix, Trichosiopsis rejecta, Trichosiopsis suecica.

For that reason, the current distribution list, based on literature records, is pretty much unreliable. Most of the specimens will need to be verified for their correct identification.

Etymology

reiectus lat. = objectionable.

Ecology

Trichosiopsis rejecta is a common and widespread forest species and was bred from dead wood.

Distribution

Albania^[6], Bulgaria, Austria^[6][2][7], Belgium^[8], Czech Republic^[9][9], Denmark, Finland^[5][4][10], France^[2], Germany^{[11][2][12][13][1][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]}, Great Britain^{[3][27][28][29][30]}, Hungary^[31], Ireland^[28][29], Italy^[32], Latvia^[2], Norway^[33], Poland^[34], Russia^[2], Slovakia^[35][36][37], Sweden^[38][39], Turkey, Turkmenistan^[2], Ukraine^[2].

Note

The record from Bulgaria is based on the distribution of the BIN on BOLD.

Images

Figure 1. Trichosiopsis rejecta lectotype, female, habitus, scale 2 mm  Figure 2. Trichosiopsis rejecta male, habitus, scale 1 mm  Figure 3. Trichosiopsis rejecta male, hypopygium, scale 0.1 mm  Figure 4. Trichosiopsis rejecta male, gonostylus (ventral view), scale 0.1 mm  Figure 5. Trichosiopsis rejecta male, gonostylus (dorsal view), scale 0.1 mm  Figure 6. Trichosiopsis rejecta male, aedeagal complex, scale 0.1 mm  Figure 7. Trichosiopsis rejecta male, 4th antennal flagellar segment, scale 0.1 mm  Figure 8. Trichosiopsis rejecta male, palpus, scale 0.1 mm  Figure 9. Trichosiopsis rejecta male, wing, scale 1 mm

References

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} Winnertz, J. 1867: Beitrag zu einer Monographie der Sciarinen. W. Braunmüller, Wien. BHL
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8} Mohrig, W.; Menzel, F. 1997: Revision der paläarktischen Arten von Trichosia Winnertz sensu Tuomikoski, 1960 (Diptera, Sciaridae). – Teil II. Gattungen Leptosciarella Tuomikoski, 1960 und Trichodapus gen. nov. Studia dipterologica, 4(1), 41–98.
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1} Edwards, F.W. 1925: XXII. British fungus-gnats (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). With a revised generic classification of the family. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1925(3-4), 505–670. PDF
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1} Frey, R. 1948: Entwurf einer neuen Klassifikation der Mückenfamilie Sciaridae (Lycoriidae). II. Die nordeuropäischen Arten. Notulae Entomologicae, 27(2-4), 33-112.
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1} Tuomikoski, R. 1960: Zur Kenntnis der Sciariden (Dipt.) Finnlands. Annales Zoologici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae “Vanamo”, 21, 1–164.
6. ↑ ^{6.0 6.1} Lengersdorf, F. 1926: Die Sciariden des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Schluß. Konowia, 5(3), 247-255. PDF
7. ↑ Franz, H. 1989: Die Nordost-Alpen im Spiegel ihrer Landtierwelt: Diptera Orthorapha (6(1)). Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck.
8. ↑ Menzel, F.; Mohrig, W. 2000: Revision der paläarktischen Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae). Studia dipterologica Supplement 6, 1-761. AMPYX-Verlag, Halle.
9. ↑ ^{9.0 9.1} Rudzinski, H.-G. 2000: Neue Trauermücken aus Mähren (Diptera: Sciaridae). Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins e. V., 25, 75–86.
10. ↑ Vilkamaa, P.; Salmela, J.; Hippa, H. 2007: Black fungus-gnats in deciduous forest habitat in northern Europe, with the description of Bradysia arcula sp. n. (Diptera: Sciaridae). Entomologica Fennica, 18(4), 226-231.
11. ↑ Rudzinski, H.-G. 1994: Fundort Schöngeising - die Trauermücken mit einer Liste aller bisher in Bayern aktuell nachgewiesenen Arten (vorläufig als“ Zweiflügler aus Bayern IV”) (Diptera Nematocera, Sciaridae). Entomofauna, 15(25), 293–311. PDF
12. ↑ Menzel, F. 2006: 6.1.3.7 Familie Trauermücken (Sciaridae). In: Nationalparkverwaltung Berchtesgaden (Ed.), Quellen im Nationalpark Berchtesgaden. Lebensgemeinschaften als Indikatoren des Klimawandels, Nationalpark Berchtesgaden, Forschungsbericht (51). Berchtesgaden. pp. 204-208.
13. ↑ Rudzinski, H.-G. 2006: Neue Trauermücken-Arten aus Bayern und eine erweiterte Bestandsaufnahme der aus Bayern bekannten Arten (Diptera: Sciaridae). Entomofauna, 27, 433-447.
14. ↑ Hövemeyer, K. 1992: Die Dipterengemeinschaft eines Kalkbuchenwaldes: eine siebenjährige Untersuchung. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 119(2), 225–260.
15. ↑ Hövemeyer, K. 1996: Die Dipterengemeinschaft eines Halbtrockenrasens und einer Hecke im südniedersächsischen Bergland: eine vergleichende Untersuchung. Drosera, 1996(2), 113–127.
16. ↑ Hövemeyer, K. 1998: Diptera associated with dead beech wood. Studia dipterologica, 5(1), 113–122.
17. ↑ Menzel, F.; Mohrig, W.; Groth, I. 1990: Beiträge zur Insektenfauna der DDR: Diptera - Sciaridae. Beiträge zur Entomologie, 40, 301-400.
18. ↑ Menzel, F. 2000: 5.3.17 Sciaridae. In: J. Ziegler & F. Menzel (Eds.), Die historische Dipteren-Sammlung Carl Friedrich Ketel. Revision einer zwischen 1884 und 1903 angelegten Sammlung von Zweiflüglern (Diptera) aus Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Nova Supplementa Entomologica (14). pp. 51–54.
19. ↑ Hennicke, S.; Martschei, T.; Müller-Motzfeld, G. 1997: Erste Ergebnisse der Erfassung ausgewählter Arthropodengruppen der Stadt Greifswald (Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Saltatoria). Insecta, 5, 51-100.
20. ↑ Dorn, K.-H. 1987: Dipterenemergenzen in PCP-belasteten Waldböden des Staatswaldes Burgholz - die Nematoceren im Buchen- und Fichtenforst, Teil I. Jahresberichte des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Wuppertal, 40, 77–89.
21. ↑ Rudzinski, H.-G. 2003: Die Trauermücken (Insecta: Diptera: Sciaridae) des Naturschutzgebietes Bommecketal in Plettenberg (Sauerland). Der Sauerländische Naturbeobachter, 28, 190-197.
22. ↑ Heller, K. 1999: Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae) von Gönnersdorf (Kr. Daun). Beiträge zur Insektenfauna der Eifeldorfer 20. Dendrocopos, 26, 249-262.
23. ↑ Weber, D. 2001: Die Höhlenfauna und -flora des Höhlenkatastergebietes Rheinland-Pfalz/Saarland. 4. Teil. Abhandlungen zur Karst- und Höhlenkunde, 33, 1–1088.
24. ↑ Kröber, O. 1938: I. Nachtrag zur Dipterenfauna Schleswig-Holsteins. Verhandlungen des Vereins für naturwissenschaftliche Heimatforschung zu Hamburg, 26, 85–93.
25. ↑ Kolligs, D. 2000: Ökologische Auswirkungen künstlicher Lichtquellen auf nachtaktive Insekten, insbesondere Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera). Faunistisch-ökologische Mitteilungen Supplemet (28). Wachtholz Verlag, Neumünster.
26. ↑ Heller, K. 2004: Eine Bestandsaufnahme der Sciaridae (Diptera) Schleswig-Holsteins mit Ergänzungen und Korrekturen zum bisher bekannten Arteninventar. Faunistisch-Ökologische Mitteilungen, 8, 233–257.
27. ↑ Freeman, P. 1987: British Sciaridae (Diptera): New species and records with notes on the Tuomikoski collection. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 123, 105–204.
28. ↑ ^{28.0 28.1} Freeman, P. 1983: Sciarid flies. Diptera, Sciaridae. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. Vol 9 (6). Royal Entomological Society of London, London.
29. ↑ ^{29.0 29.1} Menzel, F.; Smith, J.E.; Chandler, P. 2006: The sciarid fauna of the British Isles (Diptera: Sciaridae), including descriptions of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 146, 1-147. PDF
30. ↑ Smith, J.E.; Menzel, F. 2007: New records of British sciarid flies with description of two new species (Diptera: Sciaridae). Dipterists Digest (Second Series), 14(1), 75–86.
31. ↑ Rulik, B.; Mohrig, W.; Jaschhof, M. 2001: Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae) und freilebende Gallmücken (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Lestremiinae) aus Ungarn. Mit Bemerkungen zur Corynoptera tridentata-Gruppe. Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 62, 231-245.
32. ↑ Frank, J.; Menzel, F.; Dettner, K. 2005: Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) collected at cantharidin baits in southern and central Europe. Studia dipterologica, 11, 359-368.
33. ↑ Lengersdorf, F. 1926: Die Sciariden des Tromsø Museum. Tromsø Museums Årshefter, 48(4 (1925)), 1-9.
34. ↑ Lengersdorf, F. 1929: Die Revision der Sciaridensammlung des Pfarrers Dr. W. Grzegorzek. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Zoology, 1929, 105-112.
35. ↑ Rudzinski, H.-G. 2009: Die Trauermücken des Poľana Biosphären-Reservats (Diptera: Sciaridae). Casopis Slezskeho zemskeho muzea, serie A, 58, 39-46.
36. ↑ Rudzinski, H.-G.; Ševčík, J. 2012: Fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea) of the Gemer region (Central Slovakia): Part 3 – Sciaridae. Časopis Slezského zemského muzea, 61, 143–157.
37. ↑ Martinovský, J. 1995: Sciaridae. In: J. Roháček, J. Starý, J. Martinovský, & M. Mála (Eds.), Diptera Bukovských vrchov [Diptera of the Bukovské hills]. SAðP - Správa CHKO a BR Východné Karpaty, Humenné. pp. 61–63.
38. ↑ Heller, K.; Vilkamaa, P.; Hippa, H. 2009: An annotated check list of Swedish black fungus gnats (Diptera, Sciaridae). Sahlbergia, 15(1), 23-51.
39. ↑ Rudzinski, H.-G. 1992: Neue Mitteilungen zum Vorkommen von Trauermücken in Schweden (Diptera: Nematocera: Sciaridae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 102, 66–72.