View source for File:Mauna Loa CO2 monthly mean concentration.svg

{{Cached Commons Copy|file=Mauna_Loa_CO2_monthly_mean_concentration.svg|lastuploader=Oeneis|time=2020-04-04, 20:22}}

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description=

{{en|This figure shows the history of [[:en:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere|atmospheric]] [[w:carbon dioxide|carbon dioxide]] concentrations as directly measured at [[w:Mauna Loa Observatory|Mauna Loa]], [[w:Hawaii|Hawaii]] since 1958.  This curve is known as the [[w:Keeling curve|Keeling curve]], and is an essential piece of evidence of the man-made increases in [[w:greenhouse gas|greenhouse gas]]es that are believed to be the cause of [[w:global warming|global warming]].  The longest such record exists at Mauna Loa, but these measurements have been independently confirmed at many other sites around the world [http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/contents.htm].

The annual fluctuation in carbon dioxide is caused by seasonal variations in carbon dioxide uptake by land [[w:plant|plant]]s.  Since many more forests are concentrated in the [[w:Northern Hemisphere|Northern Hemisphere]], more carbon dioxide is removed from [[w:Earth's atmosphere|the atmosphere]] during Northern Hemisphere [[w:summer|summer]] than [[w:Southern Hemisphere|Southern Hemisphere]] summer.  This annual cycle is shown in the inset figure by taking the average concentration for each month across all measured years.

The red curve shows the average monthly concentrations, and blue curve is a smoothed trend.}}

The [[:en:carbon dioxide|carbon dioxide]] data is measured as the mole fraction in dry air. This dataset constitutes the longest record of direct measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere (data up to december 2018).

|date=2019-01-06
|source={{own}}. Data from Dr. Pieter Tans, [http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/ NOAA/ESRL] and Dr. [[:en:Ralph Keeling|Ralph Keeling]], [http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/ Scripps Institution of Oceanography].
|author=[[User:Delorme|Delorme]]
|permission=
|other versions={{Other versions/Mauna Loa CO2 monthly mean concentration}}

}}

{{Object location|19.536197|-155.5769}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}

===Data source license===

{{Quote|text=These data are made freely available to the public and the scientific community in the belief that their wide dissemination will lead to greater understanding and new scientific insights.|sign=Pieter Tans|source=[ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/products/trends/co2/co2_mm_mlo.txt NOAA]}}

==Create this graph==
{{Created with R|2=v|code=
# Mauna Loa atmospheric CO2 change
# multi language plot for Wikipedia

# Required packages
library(tidyverse)
library(gridExtra)
library(scales)
library(lubridate)

# Translations ------------------------------------------------------------

language <- list(
  en_US = list(
    locale_lc_time = "en_US.UTF-8",
    title = bquote("Monthly mean"~CO[2]~"concentration"),
    caption = paste("Data : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper and A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu). Accessed", Sys.Date()),
    x = "Year",
    y = bquote(CO[2]~"fraction in dry air ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
    x2 = "Month",
    y2 = bquote(atop(CO[2]~"fraction in dry air ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Departure from yearly average")),
    title2 = "Seasonal variation"
  ),
  fr_FR = list(
    locale_lc_time = "fr_FR.UTF-8",
    title = bquote("Moyenne mensuelle de la concentration de"~CO[2]),
    caption = paste("données : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper et A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu). Accédé le", Sys.Date()),
    x = "année",
    y = bquote("fraction de"~CO[2]~"dans l'air sec ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
    x2 = "mois",
    y2 = bquote(atop("fraction de"~CO[2]~"dans l'air sec ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "en écart à la moyenne annuelle")),
    title2 = "Variation saisonnière"
  ),
  de_DE = list(
    locale_lc_time = "de_DE.UTF-8",
    title = bquote("Monatliche durchschnittliche"~CO[2]*"-Konzentration"),
    caption = paste("Datei : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper und A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu). Zugänglich am", Sys.Date()),
    x = "Jahr",
    y = bquote(CO[2]*"-Anteil in trockener Luft ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
    x2 = "Monate",
    y2 = bquote(atop(CO[2]*"-Anteil in trockener Luft ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Abweichung vom Jahresmittel")),
    title2 = "Monatliche Variation"
  ),
  es_ES = list(
    locale_lc_time = "es_ES.UTF-8",
    title = bquote("Media mensual de la concentración de"~CO[2]),
    caption = paste("dato : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper y A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu). Visitada", Sys.Date()),
    x = "Año",
    y = bquote("Fraccion de"~CO[2]~"en aire secco ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
    x2 = "Mes",
    y2 = bquote(atop("Fraccion de"~CO[2]~"en aire secco ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Desviación de la media anual")),
    title2 = "Variación mensual"
  ),
  cs_CZ = list(
    locale_lc_time = "cs_CZ.UTF-8",
    title = "Průměrné měsíční koncentrace oxidu uhličitého",
    caption = paste("data : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper a A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu). Přístupné", Sys.Date()),
    x = "rok",
    y = bquote("koncentrace"~CO[2]~"v suchém vzduchu ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
    x2 = "měsíc",
    y2 = bquote(atop("koncentrace"~CO[2]~"v suchém vzduchu ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "odchylka od ročního průměru")),
    title2 = "Měsíční změna (průměrná roční odchylka)"
  ),
  nn_NO = list(
    locale_lc_time = "nn_NO.UTF-8",
    title = bquote("Gjennomsnittlig månedlig"~CO[2]*"-konsentrasjon"),
    caption = paste("data : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper og A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu). Vist", Sys.Date()),
    x = "År",
    y = bquote(CO[2]*"-andel i tørr luft ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
    x2 = "Måned",
    y2 = bquote(atop(CO[2]*"-andel i tørr luft ("*mu*"mol/mol)",
                     "Avvik fra årlig gjennomsnitt")),
    title2 = "Årlig variasjon"
  ), 
  pl_PL = list(
    locale_lc_time = "pl_PL.UTF-8",
    title = bquote("Średnie miesięczne stężenie"~CO[2]),
    caption = paste("Dane : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper i A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu). Dostęp na", Sys.Date()),
    x = "Rok",
    y = bquote("Frakcja"~CO[2]~"w suchym powietrzu ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
    x2 = "Miesiąc",
    y2 = bquote(atop("Frakcja"~CO[2]~"w suchym powietrzu ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Odejście od średniej rocznej")),
    title2 = "Wahania sezonowe"
  )
)


# Data --------------------------------------------------------------------

# http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/data/atmospheric_co2/primary_mlo_co2_record
# used during US gov shutdown
co2ml <- read_csv("http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/assets/data/atmospheric/stations/in_situ_co2/monthly/monthly_in_situ_co2_mlo.csv",
                  col_names = c("year", "month", "xls_date", "decimal",
                                "co2", "co2_seas_adj", "fit", "fit_seas_adj",
                                "co2_filled", "co2_filled_seas_adj"),
                  col_types = "iiiddddddd",
                  skip = 57,
                  na = "-99.99",
                  comment = "\"") %>% 
  group_by(year) %>% 
  mutate(year_mean = mean(co2_filled, na.rm = TRUE),
         delta = co2_filled - year_mean,
         vdate = ymd(paste0("2015-", month, "-01")))

# Generate the plot for each language -------------------------------------

for (l in names(language)) {
  message(l)
  current <- language[[l]]
  
  # format the date in local names
  Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", current$locale_lc_time)
  
  # main plot
  p1 <- ggplot(co2ml, aes(decimal, co2_filled)) + 	
    geom_line(color = "pink") +
    geom_point(color = "red", size = 0.6) +
    stat_smooth(span = 0.1) +
    scale_x_continuous(breaks = pretty_breaks()) +
    scale_y_continuous(breaks = pretty_breaks()) +
    labs(
      x = current$x,
      y = current$y,
      title = current$title,
      subtitle = paste("Mauna Loa", min(co2ml$year), "-", max(co2ml$year)),
      caption = current$caption) +
    theme_bw() +
    theme(plot.caption = element_text(size = 7))
  
  # inset plot
  p2 <- ggplot(co2ml, aes(vdate, delta)) +
    geom_hline(yintercept = 0) +
    stat_smooth(span = 0.4, se = FALSE) +
    stat_summary(fun.data = "mean_cl_boot", colour = "red", size = 0.3) + 
    scale_x_date(breaks = pretty_breaks(4), minor_breaks = pretty_breaks(12), labels = date_format("%b")) +
    labs(
      x = current$x2,
      y = current$y2,
      title = current$title2) +
    theme_bw()
  
  # merge the plots and export in SVG
  p1 + annotation_custom(grob = ggplotGrob(p2), xmin = 1957, xmax = 1991, ymin = 361, ymax = 412)
  ggsave(file = paste("co2_mauna_loa", l, Sys.Date(), "wp.svg", sep = "_"), width = 20, height = 20, units = "cm", device = svg)
  
}
}}

[[Category:SVG charts in English]]
[[Category:Keeling Curves]]
[[Category:Mauna Loa CO2 data]]